Molecular characteristics of KPC-producing clinical isolates in Ontario, 2008/2011 (N = 30).

a<p>Kpn, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>; Ror, <i>Raoultella ornithinolytica</i>; Ecl, <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i>; Cfr, <i>Citrobacter freundii</i>.</p>b<p>Number of bands detected in the S1-PFGE gels, representing one plasmid each.</p>c<p>Clinical isolates were negative for all the 18 plasmid replicons tested using Carattoli et al approach <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0116421#pone.0116421-Carattoli1" target="_blank">[20]</a> and their plasmids were defined as untypeable.</p><p>Molecular characteristics of KPC-producing clinical isolates in Ontario, 2008/2011 (N = 30).</p

UPGMA dendrogram based on PFGE pattern of 26 <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates and their sequence type.

<p>Percentage of similarities is indicated in the branches of the dendrogram.</p

Susceptibility profiles of KPC-producing clinical isolates (N = 30).

a<p>Susceptibility categories were defined according to CLSI breakpoints <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0116421#pone.0116421-Clinical1" target="_blank">[14]</a> except for colistin and tigecycline (EUCAST breakpoints; colistin: S, ≤2 µg/ml; R, >2 µg/ml; tigecycline: S, ≤1 µg/ml; R, >2 µg/ml).</p><p>Susceptibility profiles of KPC-producing clinical isolates (N = 30).</p

Image_1_Characterization of Escherichia coli Carrying mcr-1-Plasmids Recovered From Food Animals From Argentina.TIF

<p>In this study, we found mcr-1.1 and mcr-1.5 genes carried by IncI2 plasmids in a subset of Escherichia coli isolates recovered from commercial broiler farms in Argentina. The comparative analysis of the sequences of these plasmids with those described in human clinical isolates suggests that this replicon-type is one of the main mcr-disseminator sources in Argentina.</p

Sequence alignment of IncI2-type <i>mcr-1</i>-bearing plasmids.

<p>pHNSHP45 was used as a reference to compare with the pMCRs described here and with other IncI2 plasmids. The outer circle with red arrows indicates annotation of the reference sequence. Gaps in the inner circles are missing regions when compared with the reference. Plasmids characteristics are included in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0180347#pone.0180347.t003" target="_blank">Table 3</a>.</p

Comparison of pMCRs described in this study.

<p>Arrows indicate the following predicted open reading frames: conjugation, stability, and accessory genes (green, yellow), antimicrobial resistance genes (<i>mcr-1</i> in red; <i>mcr-1</i>.<i>5</i> in dark red), transposon-related genes (blue), hypothetical proteins (grey), shufflon segments (black), and replicase genes (brown). The light blue-shaded areas show regions with ~100% identity among the compared structures; grey-shaded areas, 50% identity or lower.</p

<i>mcr-1</i> variants available at the GenBank database (updated to June 9, 2017).

<p><i>mcr-1</i> variants available at the GenBank database (updated to June 9, 2017).</p

Identification of <i>mcr</i>-1-harboring plasmids.

<p>(A) S1 nuclease-pulsed–field gel electrophoresis plasmid profiles. (B) Autoradiograph of gel A hybridized with <i>mcr</i>-1 probe. Yellow arrowheads indicate positive bands. Ladder, reference standard <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serotype Braenderup strain H9812 restricted with <i>Xba</i>I (sizes are given in kilobases).</p

List of IncI2 plasmids aligned in Fig 5 against the pMCRs described in this study.

<p>List of IncI2 plasmids aligned in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0180347#pone.0180347.g005" target="_blank">Fig 5</a> against the pMCRs described in this study.</p

Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and sequence types (ST) of clinical <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> isolates.

<p>Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and sequence types (ST) of clinical <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> isolates.</p