El efecto del estilo de aprendizaje en el rendimiento de estudiantes en una instruccion que previene el enfoque-­en-­la-­forma

Due to the crucial role of learning styles in language learning, this study ai-­ med at investigating whether different learning styles play a role in a grammar classroom taught based on a preemptive focus-on-from instruction. To fulfill this objective, 65 female students studying in a state pre-­university center were selected as the sample of the study. After determining their learning styles based on Paragon Learning Style Inventory, all of them were taught a grammatical structure based on focus-­on-­form instruction. The results of the study revealed that the difference in the participants’ language performance due to the effect of their learning styles and focus-­on-­form instruction they received was not statistically significant.Debido al papel crucial de los estilos de aprendizaje en el aprendizaje de idio-­ mas, este estudio se propuso investigar si los diferentes estilos de aprendizaje juegan un pa-­ pel en clases de gramática enseñada con base en una instrucción que prevenga el enfoque-­en-­ la-­forma. Para alcanzar este objetivo, 65 alumnas que estudian en un centro pre-­universitario estatal participaron en este estudio. Después de determinar sus estilos de aprendizaje basados en Paragon Learning Style Inventory, a todas ellas se les enseñó una estructura gramatical basada en la instrucción enfocada-­en-­la-­forma. Los resultados del estudio revelaron que no existen diferencias significativas en el rendimiento del idioma de los participantes debido al efecto de los diferentes estilos de aprendizaje y una enseñanza enfocada-­en-­la-­forma. Palabras clave: enfoque en las formas, el enfoque preventivo en la forma, estilo de apren-­ dizaje, enseñanza de la gramátic

Comparison of Shoulder Proprioception between Female Volleyball Players and Non-Athlete Females

Objective: The proprioception is important and determinant in dynamic stability of glenohumeral joint of overhead thrower in the presence of significant capsular laxity and excessive range of motion. The purpose of this study was to compare the joint position sense and kinesthesia between female volleyball players and non-athlete females in order to evaluation of their proprioception. Materials & Methods: By simple and convenient sampling 15 female volleyball players were selected from Tehran first grade teams. Also, 15 non athlete females were selected and matched by athletes and participated in this comparative and case-control study. Joint position sense and kinesthesia was measured by continuous passive movement (CPM) Fisiotek HP2 equipment. Data were analyzed by Independent T test. Results: Volleyball players demonstrated a significantly greater external rotation (P=0.035) and lower errors on joint repositioning test (P=0.017), but there was not significant difference in shoulder kinesthesia between two groups (P=0.392). Conclusion: Female volleyball players exhibited improved joint reposition abilities at external rotation mid range of motion in comparison with non-athletes females. The throwing shoulder requires the pitchers to repeatedly subject their shoulder to repetitive , forceful, circumduction motions , resulting in neuromuscular adaptation and improved proprioception

The Students’ Opinion about Islamic Thoughts Courses in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 2008-2009

Introduction : Continuous evaluation of Islamic Thoughts courses and revising the course delivery methods are necessary to make the courses more efficient to meet the needs of the youth, and to transmit the Islamic values to the students. Due to the necessity of curriculum evaluation, this study aimed at determining the students’ attitude about the Islamic Thought courses.   Methods: In a descriptive study, the population of students studying in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 2008-2009 was involved. Through census sampling, 549 students who had enrolled in Islamic Thoughts courses I and II, took part in the study and filled out a researcher made questionnaire. To analyze the data, in addition to descriptive statistics, chi-square, Kruskal Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests were employed to compare subjects’ viewpoints based on qualitative variables (nominative and ordinal).   Results: The mean age of participants was 20.79 ± 2.59, and 68.9% (378) of the subjects were female. Findings indicated that 87.3% (479) of the students were satisfied with the Islamic Thoughts books, the related instructors, their positive effects on the students, and the university educational planning for these courses. Also, there was no significant difference between students’ opinions regarding their gender and study major.   Conclusion : In spite of positive viewpoints of students toward various aspects of these courses, the negative points should also be acknowledged to eliminate the defects. Since students’ needs are changing, the books and educational methods should be also revised accordingly

Characterization of Rod-like High-purity Fluorapatite Nanopowders Obtained by Sol-gel Method

high purity fluorapatite (FA) with rod-like and spherical-like morphology was synthesized via sol-gel method. Chemical characterization of FA powders was done by XRD and FTIR analyses. Crystallite samples were calculated using Scherer method. Morphology of FA powders was investigated with TEM and SEM images. The results revealed that increasing the time of hydrolysis of phosphate sols significantly decreased the gelation time of FA sols. Also, mixing temperature of P and Ca sols affects the gelation time of samples and increasing pH decreases the gelation time of FA sols. Morphological and chemical characterization of samples showed that the FA powders have high purity and rod-like and spherical-like morphology

Comparing Marginal Fit and Marginal Gap between Sholder Bevel and 135° Finish Line Designs in Posterior Metal Ceramic Restoration Crowns

Background and purpose: One of the major challenges for dentists is providing the patients with a crown of appropriate marginal fit and marginal gap. Preparation of a 135° finish line has some advantages such as technical ease and appropriate finish line record. Nevertheless, few studies investigated this type of finish line. The current study aimed at comparing marginal fit and marginal gap in 135° finish line and shoulder bevel finish line. Materials and methods: In this quasi-experiment study, 135° finish line and shoulder bevel finish line were performed in two first mandibular molars with healthy coronal tissue and similar size. Impression was taken from each tooth and 31 crowns were made on each die. Samples plastered with fit checker were pressed under 40 N for three minutes in universal testing machine. They were measured and recorded under a loop with 40x power at three points on each side. To analyze the data, Wilcoxon and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were applied in SPSS V24. Results: Mean values for the marginal fit in shoulder bevel and 135° finish line were 55.0907 µ and 55.2587 µ, respectively. The mean values for marginal gap were 19.7245 µ and 0.9745, respectively (P=0.000). Conclusion: According to current study, a 135° finish line may have better clinical efficacy than a shoulder bevel