Evolutionary Trends in the Landscape of Hausa Open Spaces: Key Enablers of Habe City Planning Mythology

This study took the ‘origin-pattern-function’ of landscape progression as the central theoretical framework and conducted a systematic study on the evolution of open-space landscape patterns in Habe cities, situated between the river Niger and the river Benue in northern Nigeria. This study aimed to explore the embedded landscape cosmology in Hausaland and the origins of its historic mythology. A descriptive research and review approach was adopted, to explain and interpret prevailing practices, existing circumstances, attitudes, reasons, and on-going processes. It unveils the planning of open spaces and houses according to an ancient cosmology that organized towns during the Habe Hausa Dynasty. The open spaces appear to be a sphere of convergent and divergent forces that maintain a delicate balance, whereas the outcrop hills of central Hausaland are domicile places with religious appeal and better defensibility. Further, the physical effects of Islamic influence are visible in the landscape of Hausa cities, such as locating a mosque in the heart of the city as well spatial expressions of the practice of the seclusion of women. The study also revealed that the concept of triple outdoor space in the landscape of Habe cities is identical with that of the traditional Hausa family dwellings enclosed by a compound wall with a gate. This paper presents the key enablers of the Hausa cities’ transformation into commercial, administrative, religious, and agricultural centers. It recommends that in the event of landscape development without certain public guidelines or natural practices, complicated mediation measures should be invoked if disorder is not to prevail. It finally seeks a comprehensive application of local practices and innovative methods with the aim of averting vulnerability of urbanization

Evolutionary Trends in the Landscape of Hausa Open Spaces: Key Enablers of Habe City Planning Mythology

This study took the ‘origin-pattern-function’ of landscape progression as the central theoretical framework and conducted a systematic study on the evolution of open-space landscape patterns in Habe cities, situated between the river Niger and the river Benue in northern Nigeria. This study aimed to explore the embedded landscape cosmology in Hausaland and the origins of its historic mythology. A descriptive research and review approach was adopted, to explain and interpret prevailing practices, existing circumstances, attitudes, reasons, and on-going processes. It unveils the planning of open spaces and houses according to an ancient cosmology that organized towns during the Habe Hausa Dynasty. The open spaces appear to be a sphere of convergent and divergent forces that maintain a delicate balance, whereas the outcrop hills of central Hausaland are domicile places with religious appeal and better defensibility. Further, the physical effects of Islamic influence are visible in the landscape of Hausa cities, such as locating a mosque in the heart of the city as well spatial expressions of the practice of the seclusion of women. The study also revealed that the concept of triple outdoor space in the landscape of Habe cities is identical with that of the traditional Hausa family dwellings enclosed by a compound wall with a gate. This paper presents the key enablers of the Hausa cities’ transformation into commercial, administrative, religious, and agricultural centers. It recommends that in the event of landscape development without certain public guidelines or natural practices, complicated mediation measures should be invoked if disorder is not to prevail. It finally seeks a comprehensive application of local practices and innovative methods with the aim of averting vulnerability of urbanization

Identification and Antibiotic-Susceptibility Profiling of Non-Hospital Wound Infecting Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Ghail-Bawazeer Patients, Yemen

The continuous increase in the resistance of pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus isolated from non-hospital infected wounds to the novel chemical classes of antibiotics is of great public health importance. This problem prompted the researchers to study the antibiotic susceptibility of such strains. Twenty wound pus samples were collected and selected randomly from 20 non-hospital wound infected patients of different ages who attended different medical laboratories in Ghail-Bawazeer, Yemen, from October to December 2020, and 24 bacterial isolates were analyzed using morphological, cultural, and biochemical characterization for the isolation and identification of S. aureus. Based on the morphological and cultural characteristics, only 17 isolates appeared in the form of golden yellow colonies, non-motile, gram-positive clustered cocci, from which 11 isolates were distinguished biochemically as S. aureus. The antibiotic susceptibility of the identified S. aureus to ten antibiotics of different classes was determined using the modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique. The major risk was the emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates (MRSA) (n = 11, 100%), and (n = 9, 81.8%) of isolates were multidrug-resistant. There was a feeling of reassurance represented by the presence of other antibiotics that inhibited the growth of all isolates, starting with Tetracycline, Gentamicin, and Levofloxacin and ending with Novobiocin and Norfloxacin. The inhibitory effects of the tested antibiotics against each expected S. aureus were significantly different at the 0.05 level, except Novobiocin, Gentamycin, Methicillin, and Metronidazole. There were no significant differences. Continuity of work to identify the remaining wound strains associated with patients residing in Ghail-Bawazeer and their antibiotic sensitivity is required

Introduction: Shakespeare's public spheres

Habermas’ sense of a “cultural Public Sphere” is a notoriously complex term and, when applied to Early Modern cultures, needs careful definition. This essay both introduces the variety of methods by which we might approach playtexts with a view to their public – auditory – impact and contributes to a debate about an audience's understanding of Shakespeare's plays. By selecting two words and their spread of use in one play, Twelfth Night, we might appreciate the potential for meaningful ambiguity latent in how we hear the language of live performance. If we search for how certain terms (in this case, the cluster of semes derived from repetitions of “fancy” and “play”), we might find at times incompatible senses, yet we get near to appreciating the range of Early Modern dramatic language

Indulgent representation: theatricality and sectarian metaphor in The Tempest

At the end of The Tempest, Prospero (or, perhaps, the actor playing him) urges the audience, ‘As you from crimes would pardoned be, / Let your indulgence set me free’ (5.1.337-8). The lines are a plea for applause, for the audience to conclude the drama happily. As the play-world dissolves into the real world, at the threshold between fiction and reality, Prospero appeals to be set free from representation. He strikes an ethical bargain in the mode of the Lord's Prayer (‘forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us’). But, in speaking of ‘pardon’ and ‘indulgence’, he also alludes to a much maligned Catholic practice of purchased remission of sins. Thus, the audience's decision over whether or not to applaud the drama is playfully implicated in trying out a confessional attitude. Even so, the status of these ‘Catholic’ terms as wordplay means that they only flirt with sectarian resonance, rather than declaring a theological message. Taking the play's self-conscious theatricality as a starting point, this essay explores the ambiguity of this epilogue. It questions what it means for a post-Reformation audience to ‘indulge’ in metaphorically ‘Catholic’ behaviour, and how a play that stages forgiveness as a form of revenge negotiates difference ethically. These themes are part of a broader theatrical dynamic in which representation is constantly destabilised. The essay offers a case-study of the significance of equivocally Catholic material in post-Reformation drama, suggesting that as much attention needs to be paid to dramaturgy as to theology

The Italian London of John North: Cultural contact and linguistic encounter in early modern England

This article takes as its subject the remarkable diary kept by a young English gentleman named John North from 1575 to 1579. On his journey home from Italy in 1575 -77, North changed the language of his diary from English to Italian. On his return to London, he continued to keep a record of his everyday life in Italian. This article uses North's diary as a starting point from which to reconstruct the social and sensory worlds of a returned traveler and Italianate gentleman. In doing so, it offers a way of bridging the gap between individual experiences and personal networks on the one hand, and the wider processes of cultural encounter and linguistic contact on the other

I'll tell you a story of a burgular man, Who went to rob a house;

voiceSung by Nashe Lindsey Helenore, Ark. July 15, 1965 Reel 374 item 2 Collected by Nashe Lindsey For M.C. Parler Folklore Class Sing-A-Bout Transcribed by Linda Humphrey The Burgular Man I'll tell you a story of a burgular man, Who went to rob a house; He sneaked into the window As quietly as a mouse. While thinking of the money he would get As under the bed he lay, That burgular man saw a sight that night That made his hair turn gray. About 12 o'clock an old maid came in "I'm so tired," she said, Thinking everything would be all right, She forgot to look under the bed. She pulled out her teeth, her big glass eye, Her hair came off of her head; The burgular man had twenty-six fits, As he climbed out from under the bed.The Burgular Man continued She pulled a pistol from the drawer, She said,"O, burgular man, If you don't marry me, I'll blow off the top of your head." He looked at her teeth, the big glass eye; He had no place to scoot; So he said to the woman, "For Lord sakes shoot!" He's dead now I guess, But I don't know where he's gone, Up above or down below, But I'm now through singing this song. Mr. Lindsey learned this from his cussin, Billy Liffert of Conway, Ark.Funding for digitization provided by the Arkansas Humanities Council and the Happy Hollow Foundation

An analysis of inmates in Davidson County, Tennessee: Factors that impact participation in GED programs.

This study examined the experiences of the incarcerated, school dropout population. With an ever increasing number of high school dropouts, it is imperative that educational administrators attempt to slow the regression. Jail facility educational administrators especially need to have information on ways to increase participation in GED programming within the inmate populations. This work is significant in that it provides insight into the objective and subjective nature of low participation rates by comparing perceptions of those eligible and participating as opposed to those eligible and not participating in GED programming. This study took place in Nashville, TN under the auspices of the Davidson County Sheriff’s Department. There were surveys distributed to ascertain the personal experiences in the categories of previous school experiences, self concept and efficacy, peer influence, home/family influence, facility influence, and post release value of a GED. A multiple regression analysis was run among the seven categories to compare the participant and non participant populations so as to search for significant differences. It was found that there was no single contributor towards achieving the objective of increasing participation in GED programming while incarcerated. Only when considering the combination of self concept/efficacy, family/home environment, and previous school experience, were the most significant differences discovered between the two populations of inmates who participated and those that did not. No significance was found in the other areas of peer influence, facility influence, jail facility influence, post release expectation of a GED. The results of this study are useful to educational administrators both in jail facilities as well as in the general population

Strange News

The LEME Corpus Manual has an editorial introduction, indexes of subjects, proper names, and chronology, a primary bibliography of LEME corpus texts, as well as English language texts not included in the Corpus, a description of the XML encoding and of lemmatization and source analysis tools. The appendix includes lists of language abbreviations and of abbreviations for parts of speech.Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of CanadaCanada Foundation for InnovationUniversity of Toronto LibrariesUniversity of Toronto PressInformation & Instructional Technology, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toront

Last will and testament of Nashe Killough bequeathing a slave woman named Pauline

KILLOUGH, NASHE, AD, Cherokee County, (ND). Killough’s last will and testament bequeathing to his daughter “my negro woman Pauline with all her present and future increase.” 2pp