Cryptocurrency analysis based on user-generated social media content

Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency that has started to become interesting in 2017 as a result of the massive hype the cryptocurrency has created around the world, claiming to be the first fully digital coin based on blockchain technology. There are people reacting and commenting everyday about Bitcoin on social networks and online forums. The known social networks that drive significant opinions related with Bitcoin are Twitter and Reddit. It can be said that Bitcoin may attribute much of its growth to the Reddit social forum. This research is dedicated to the study of the application of Sentiment Analysis to the Reddit users’ comments on daily discussion publications from Bitcoin - Reddit community with the goal to find a correlation between these results and Bitcoin’s known indicators. The study aims to analyze the sentiment of the Bitcoin discussion threads, having two main research questions: 1. Do users’ comments of the daily discussion posts have a correlation with the daily indicators of Bitcoin? 2. Do users’ comments of the daily discussion posts have a correlation when the indicators information of Bitcoin are shifted by a few days? The research has permitted to analyze the correlations between the different indicators.A Bitcoin é uma criptomoeda que começou a tornar-se interessante em 2017 através do entusiasmo que criou pelo mundo, afirmando ser a primeira criptomoeda totalmente digital e baseada na tecnologia de Blockchain. Existem pessoas que reagem e comentam diariamente sobre a Bitcoin em redes sociais e fóruns online. As redes sociais que mais impulsionam opiniões relacionadas com a Bitcoin são o Twitter e o Reddit. Podemos afirmar que a Bitcoin pode atribuir grande parte do seu crescimento através da rede social Reddit. A investigação efetuada no contexto desta tese é dedicada ao estudo da aplicação de uma análise de sentimento aos comentários dos utilizadores do Reddit contidos nas publicações de discussão diária da comunidade Bitcoin, com o objetivo de encontrar uma correlação entre os resultados obtidos e os indicadores conhecidos da Bitcoin. O estudo visa analisar o sentimento associado aos tópicos de discussão da comunidade Bitcoin, tendo duas principais questões de investigação: 1. Os comentários dos utilizadores das publicações de discussão diária têm uma correlação com os indicadores diários da Bitcoin? 2. Os comentários dos utilizadores das publicações de discussão diária têm uma correlação com os indicadores de Bitcoin se forem deslocados por alguns dias? A investigação permitiu analisar as correlações entre os diferentes indicadores

Development and Validation of a Risk Score for Chronic Kidney Disease in HIV Infection Using Prospective Cohort Data from the D:A:D Study

Ristola M. on työryhmien DAD Study Grp ; Royal Free Hosp Clin Cohort ; INSIGHT Study Grp ; SMART Study Grp ; ESPRIT Study Grp jäsen.Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health issue for HIV-positive individuals, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Development and implementation of a risk score model for CKD would allow comparison of the risks and benefits of adding potentially nephrotoxic antiretrovirals to a treatment regimen and would identify those at greatest risk of CKD. The aims of this study were to develop a simple, externally validated, and widely applicable long-term risk score model for CKD in HIV-positive individuals that can guide decision making in clinical practice. Methods and Findings A total of 17,954 HIV-positive individuals from the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) study with >= 3 estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values after 1 January 2004 were included. Baseline was defined as the first eGFR > 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 after 1 January 2004; individuals with exposure to tenofovir, atazanavir, atazanavir/ritonavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, other boosted protease inhibitors before baseline were excluded. CKD was defined as confirmed (>3 mo apart) eGFR In the D:A:D study, 641 individuals developed CKD during 103,185 person-years of follow-up (PYFU; incidence 6.2/1,000 PYFU, 95% CI 5.7-6.7; median follow-up 6.1 y, range 0.3-9.1 y). Older age, intravenous drug use, hepatitis C coinfection, lower baseline eGFR, female gender, lower CD4 count nadir, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) predicted CKD. The adjusted incidence rate ratios of these nine categorical variables were scaled and summed to create the risk score. The median risk score at baseline was -2 (interquartile range -4 to 2). There was a 1: 393 chance of developing CKD in the next 5 y in the low risk group (risk score = 5, 505 events), respectively. Number needed to harm (NNTH) at 5 y when starting unboosted atazanavir or lopinavir/ritonavir among those with a low risk score was 1,702 (95% CI 1,166-3,367); NNTH was 202 (95% CI 159-278) and 21 (95% CI 19-23), respectively, for those with a medium and high risk score. NNTH was 739 (95% CI 506-1462), 88 (95% CI 69-121), and 9 (95% CI 8-10) for those with a low, medium, and high risk score, respectively, starting tenofovir, atazanavir/ritonavir, or another boosted protease inhibitor. The Royal Free Hospital Clinic Cohort included 2,548 individuals, of whom 94 individuals developed CKD (3.7%) during 18,376 PYFU (median follow-up 7.4 y, range 0.3-12.7 y). Of 2,013 individuals included from the SMART/ESPRIT control arms, 32 individuals developed CKD (1.6%) during 8,452 PYFU (median follow-up 4.1 y, range 0.6-8.1 y). External validation showed that the risk score predicted well in these cohorts. Limitations of this study included limited data on race and no information on proteinuria. Conclusions Both traditional and HIV-related risk factors were predictive of CKD. These factors were used to develop a risk score for CKD in HIV infection, externally validated, that has direct clinical relevance for patients and clinicians to weigh the benefits of certain antiretrovirals against the risk of CKD and to identify those at greatest risk of CKD.Peer reviewe