The DF of the four combined polymorphic types.

<p>Subjects with both T/C or C/C and <i>PER3</i>^4/5 or <i>PER3</i>^5/5 genotypes displayed the lowest DF values among the four groups, suggesting the slowest gastric motility. Additionally, there was a significant difference in the DF between the T/T and <i>PER3</i>^4/4 genotype and T/C or C/C and <i>PER3</i>^4/5 or <i>PER3</i>^5/5 genotypes (ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey’s test).</p

EGG power spectrum analysis results.

<p>Typical sets of raw EGG waves (top of each figure) and the corresponding power spectral data (bottom of each figure) obtained from a T/T and <i>PER3</i>^4/4 (A) and a T/C and <i>PER3</i>^4/5 genotype subject (B). By visual inspection, in the T/C and <i>PER3</i>^4/5 genotype subject, the DF of the waves was diminished and shifted toward the slower frequency compared to the T/T and <i>PER3</i>^4/4 genotype subject.</p

Comparison of biological parameters and breakfast frequency among four genotype groups.

<p>Values are expressed as subject numbers or mean ± s.e. or number and frequency (%).</p><p>^a ANOVA using post hoc Turkey's test.</p><p>^b<i>P</i> < 0.05 <i>vs</i>. T/T and <i>PER3</i>^4/4</p><p>^c χ²-tests or Fisher's exact test.</p><p>Comparison of biological parameters and breakfast frequency among four genotype groups.</p

The resting HR of the four combined polymorphic types.

<p>Subjects with both T/C or C/C and <i>PER3</i>^4/5 or <i>PER3</i>^5/5 genotypes displayed the lowest resting HR values among the four groups. Additionally, there was a significant difference in the resting HR between the T/T and <i>PER3</i>^4/4 genotype and T/C or C/C and <i>PER3</i>^4/5 or <i>PER3</i>^5/5 genotypes (ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey’s test).</p

Subject characteristics according to genotype of <i>CLOCK</i> and <i>PER3</i>.

<p>Values are expressed as subject numbers or mean ± s.e. or number and frequency (%).</p><p>^a Unpaired Student's <i>t</i>-test (T/T <i>vs</i>. T/C or C/C, <i>PER3</i>^4/4<i>vs</i>. <i>PER3</i>^{4/5 or 5/5}).</p><p>^b χ²-tests or Fisher's exact test (T/T <i>vs</i>. T/C or C/C, <i>PER3</i>^4/4<i>vs</i>. <i>PER3</i>^{4/5 or 5/5}).</p><p>Subject characteristics according to genotype of <i>CLOCK</i> and <i>PER3</i>.</p