Autoantibody profile of the study cohort.

<p>Data are presented as number. Some patients had multiple positive serological tests.</p><p>Autoantibody profile of the study cohort.</p

Histogram of MPAP.

<p>Histogram of MPAP.</p

Results of stepwise multivariate Cox proportional hazard model.

<p>Used for variables that were significant in univariate analysis (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0108339#pone-0108339-t004" target="_blank">Table 4</a>).</p><p>FVC, DLCO, PaO₂, 6MWD, Lowest SpO₂, MPAP.</p><p>Results of stepwise multivariate Cox proportional hazard model.</p

Kaplan-Meier curves for survival according to MPAP (p = 0.005).

<p>Survival curves were compared with log-rank statistics.</p

Diagnostic criteria for lung-dominant connective tissue disease.

<p>Criteria derived from Reference 11.</p><p>ANA: antinuclear antibody; RF: rheumatoid factor; CCP: cyclic citrullinated peptide; Scl-70: Sclero 70; ds DNA: double-stranded DNA; RNP: ribonucleoprotein.</p><p>Diagnostic criteria for lung-dominant connective tissue disease.</p

Baseline characteristics and physiology of patients with and without PH.

<p>Data are presented as means ± SD or numbers.</p><p>N = 100 except for FVC (n = 99), DLCO (n = 96), MMRC (n = 95), 6MWD (n = 91), Lowest SpO2 (n = 91).</p><p>Baseline characteristics and physiology of patients with and without PH.</p

Results of the univariate Cox proportional hazard model.

<p>HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval.</p><p>Results of the univariate Cox proportional hazard model.</p

Baseline characteristics.

<p>Data are presented as means ± SD or numbers.</p><p>BMI: body mass index; FVC: forced vital capacity; DLCO: diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; MMRC: Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale; 6MWD: 6 minute walk distance; MPAP: mean pulmonary artery pressure; PAWP: pulmonary artery wedge pressure; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance.</p><p>N = 100 except for FVC (n = 99), DLCO (n = 96), MMRC (n = 95), 6MWD (n = 91), Lowest SpO2 (n = 91).</p><p>Baseline characteristics.</p

Screening and inclusion process for patients in the study.

<p>Screening and inclusion process for patients in the study.</p

data_sheet_1_Histamine Released From Skin-Infiltrating Basophils but Not Mast Cells Is Crucial for Acquired Tick Resistance in Mice.tif

<p>Ticks are blood-feeding arthropods that can transmit pathogens to humans and animals, leading to serious infectious diseases such as Lyme disease. After single or multiple tick infestation, some animal species develop resistance to tick feeding, leading to reduced risk of pathogen transmission. In mice infested with larval Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks, both mast cells and basophils reportedly play key roles in the manifestation of acquired tick resistance (ATR), but it remains ill-defined how they contribute to it. Here, we investigated their products responsible for ATR. Treatment of mice with antihistamine abolished the ATR while histamine or histamine H1 receptor agonist reduced tick-feeding even in the first infestation. In accordance with these, mice deficient for histamine production showed little or no ATR, indicating the crucial role for histamine in the expression of ATR. Adoptive transfer of mast cells and basophils derived from histamine-sufficient or deficient mice to recipient mice lacking mast cells and basophils, respectively, revealed that histamine produced by basophils but not mast cells is essential for the manifestation of ATR, in contrast to the case of local and systemic anaphylaxis where mast cell-derived histamine is the major player. During the second but not first tick infestation, basophils accumulated and made a cluster, surrounding a tick mouthpart, in the epidermis whereas mast cells were scattered and localized mainly in the dermis, more distantly from a tick mouthpart. This appears to explain why basophil-derived histamine is much more effective than mast cell-derived one. Histamine-sufficient, but not -deficient mice showed the thickened epidermis at the second tick-feeding site. Taken together, histamine released from skin-infiltrating basophils rather than skin-resident mast cells plays a crucial role in the manifestation of ATR, perhaps through promotion of epidermal hyperplasia that may inhibit tick feeding.</p