Pregnancy in case of exstrophy of bladder

Bladder exstrophy or ectopia vesica is an unusual congenital anomaly which exists in the spectrum of the exstrophy- epispadias complex. It most commonly involves protrusion of the urinary bladder due to defect in the lower abdominal wall. It has variable presentation and often includes abnormalities of the pelvic floor, bony pelvis and genitalia. Patients undertaking pregnancy after surgical repair of such an anomaly are rare. Planned Cesarean section at term is considered the appropriate mode of delivery. We present a case of 21-year-old patient who had uneventful preterm vaginal delivery following surgical repair of bladder exstrophy in childhood

Formulation and evaluation of sublingual tablet of Venlafaxine hydrochloride for the treatment of depression

The objective of preparing Venlafaxine hydrochloride as sublingual formulations as it is very patient friendly compared to the conventional tablets. Sublingual tablet formulation was proposed to be developed for Venlafaxine hydrochloride to enhance the bioavailability by avoiding first pass effect. Crospovidone and sodium starch glycolate used as superdisintegrants. Lactose was used as glidant and mannitol as directly compressible filler. Microcrystalline cellulose used as tablet disintegrant. Direct compression method found best and easy for preparing the sublingual tablets. Seven formulations (S1-S7) were prepared and evaluated for thickness which ranges from 1.91 to 2.21, hardness ranges from 2.6 to 3.4 kg/cm2, friability 0.71% to 0.90%, weight variations, wetting time ranges from 32-69 seconds disintegration time ranges from 29 to 57 seconds and in vitro drug release ranges from 70.7 to 98%. Formulation F-7 containing crospovidone (15mg) emerged as best formulation based on drug release characteristics. From the present study, it can be concluded that the superdisintegrants increased the solubility and in vitro drug release of Venlafaxine hydrochloride. Sublingual formulation (tablets) increased the onset of action and bioavailability of Venlafaxine Hydrochloride and prevent them from extensive first-pass effect. Keywords: Sublingual tablets, Venlafaxine hydrochloride, Depression, Crospovidone, sodium starch glycolat

Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Oral Films of an Anti-Migrain Drug (Zolmitriptan)

Zolmitriptan known for its anti-migrain activity. The fast dissolving oral film of drug Zolmitriptan was designed in order to relief and ease the pain caused to patient suffering from Migraine followed by nausea, vomiting and sensitivity towards light/sound. The oral film was prepared using HPMC (Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose) as polymer and PEG as plasticizer by solvent casting method. The aim of preparing fast dissolving oral film of drug zolmitriptan was to have better Bioavability, quick onset of action (quick relief) and to prevent first pass metabolism. Films were subjected to physicochemical characterization such as thickness, weight variation, folding endurance drug content and were found to be satisfactory. The surface pH of all the films was found to be neutral. The results of the studies indicated that HPMC E50 could be used as a film forming polymer for the formulation. All the films prepared using HPMC E50 showed acceptable mechanical properties. On the basis of tensile strength, drug content and in vitro dissolution, formulation F3 was found to be the promising formulation showing better strength and good drug release profile. Also this formulation was stable for a period of 45 days with no significant change in drug content and drug release profile. Thus it could be said that the fast dissolving sublingual film of Zolmitriptan could be a better option for acute treatment of migraine attacks compared to the available conventional dosage forms. Keywords: Zolmitriptan, Fast dissolving, HPM

Formulation and Evaluation of Floating Tablet of Tropisetron

he purpose of this research was to develop a novel gastroretentive drug delivery system based on controlled delivery of active agent. Tropisetron is an indole derivative having the antiemetic activity. It’s a selective serotonin receptor antagonist. Tropisetron blocks the action of serotonin at 5HT3 receptors. It also results in suppression of chemotherapy-and radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. The incorporation of swellable and natural polymer for binding action and also good water solublility with high molecular  weight such as carbopol present it in the gastro retentive floating tablets, which are designed to provide the desired controlled and complete release of drug for prolonged period of time. Lactose was used as filler. Buoyancy was achieved by adding an effervescent mixture of sodium bicarbonate and anhydrous citric acid. Floating tablets were prepared by direct compression method. All the required evaluation parameters such as hardness, friability, drug content uniformity and swelling index were performed and found within the acceptance limit.  The optimized formulation (F7) exhibited 63.87% drug release in 12 hrs emerged as best formulation based on drug release characteristics. Keywords: Tropisetron, Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System, Floating tablet

Malnutrition among under Five Children in Uttarakhand

BACKGROUND: Globally more than one third of child deaths are attributable to under nutrition. Eighty percent of the world’s undernourished children live in 20 countries, with India being home to nearly 60 million children who are underweight. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess malnutrition among under five children in a selected hospital of Dehradun, Uttarakhand. METHODOLOGY: A quantitative research approach was used with descriptive cross-sectional research design. Non probability convenient sampling technique was used to select 70 under five children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The data collection tools included Socio -demographic profile and Anthropometric assessment of the children. The data was analyzed based on objectives by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Data was analyzed using WHO anthroplus software and SPSS 21.0. RESULT: The result showed that out of 70 children 17.14% showed mild wasting, 18.57% showed moderate wasting and (21.43%) showed severe wasting. 11.43% children showed mild stunting, moderate stunting was present in 15.71% children and severe stunting was present in 27.14% children. 31.43% children were moderately underweight and 30% were severely underweight. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that majority of the children were malnourished

Analysis of crack growth rate along a vibrating cantilever beam

Utilizing accelerometer, estimations of variables V, B, F, and D were watched for a vibrating cantilever bar. Information were recorded for frequencies 60 Hz, 80 Hz, 100 Hz, and 120 Hz at different altering length 400 mm, 350 mm also, 300 mm. Considering, break development rate as an extra variable, a scientific model was created utilizing dimensional investigation and computed estimations of G were plotted to watch break development rate along the shaft for diverse settling length. Plots were contrasted and dissected with discover the impact of progress of altering length at each recurrence for assurance of split development rate along shaft from free end to altered end.

Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Carbo- and Oxacyclic Seven-Membered Bridged Biaryls via Nucleophile-Dependent Switchable Domino Processes

We disclose herein a highly diastereo- and enantioselective divergent synthesis of seven-membered biaryl-bridged carbo- and oxacyclic frameworks by utilizing the catalytic ability of bifunctional hydrogen-bonding squaramide organocatalysts. Starting with the same biaryl substrate bearing two distinct acceptor sites and by choosing soft or hard nucleophiles, we readily accessed the dibenzocycloheptanes or 5,7-dihydrodibenzo­[c,e]­oxepines bearing multiple elements of chirality via a domino 1,4/1,2-addition or 1,2/oxa-Michael addition sequence, respectively

Xantogranulomatous Salpingo Oophritis, Lessons Learnt: Report of Two Cases With Unusual Presentation

Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is a rare form of chronic inflammatory response consisting of macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells and neutrophils too. Due to its locally destructive nature and mass forming capacity as a result of adhesions, this type of inflammation may mimic  malignancy or tuberculosis both clinically and radiologically. We present a report of two such cases, one mimicking tuberculosis and the other mimicking malignancy clinically. Awareness of this condition and a higher index of suspicion among clinicians, radiologists and pathologists can help in early diagnosis and more appropriate treatment of this potentially destructive disorder