Enhancement of Hoisting System Performance

In this paper it is required to enhance the performance of a mechanical system (here: a Hoisting System) where it is preferred to lift a different payloads with approximately the same speed of lifting and keeping at the same time the good performance, and this of course needs some intelligence of the system which will be responsible on measuring the present load and taking into account the speed and performance desired in order to achieve the requirements or the criteria. The process therefore is a Mechatronics System design which includes a measuring system, a control or automation technique, and an actuating system. The criteria built here in this research using a given Hoist system's characteristics and parameters and changing one of these parameters by the actuator depending on load value (i.e. making a calibration with which there will be a given value of the intentional parameter at which the speed and performance reach the requirements to any load value)

Energy efficiency of hollow fibre membrane module in the forward osmosis seawater desalination process

© 2019 This study provided new insights regarding the energy efficiency of hollow fibre forward osmosis modules for seawater desalination; and as a consequence an approach was developed to improve the process performance. Previous analysis overlooked the relationship between the energy efficiency and operating modes of the hollow fibre forward osmosis membrane when the process was scaled-up. In this study, the module length and operating parameters were incorporated in the design of an energy-efficient forward osmosis system. The minimum specific power consumption for seawater desalination was calculated at the thermodynamic limits. Two FO operating modes: (1) draw solution in the lumen and (2) feed solution in the lumen, were evaluated in terms of the desalination energy requirements at a minimum draw solution flow rate. The results revealed that the operating mode of the forward osmosis membrane was important in terms of reducing the desalination energy. In addition, the length of the forward osmosis module was also a significant factor and surprisingly increasing the length of the forward osmosis module was not always advantageous in improving the performance. The study outcomes also showed that seawater desalination by the forward osmosis process was less energy efficient at low and high osmotic draw solution concentration and performed better at 1.2–1.4 M sodium chloride draw solution concentrations. The findings of this study provided a platform to the manufacturers and operators of hollow fibre forward osmosis membrane to improve the energy efficiency of the desalination process

Challenges and potentials of forward osmosis process in the treatment of wastewater

© 2019, © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. An emerging osmotically driven membrane process, forward osmosis has attracted growing attention in the field of desalination and wastewater treatment. The present study provides a critical review of the forward osmosis process for wastewater treatment focusing on most recent studies. Forward osmosis is one of the technologies that has been widely studied for the treatment of a wide range of wastewater because of its low fouling and energy consumption compared to conventional techniques for wastewater treatment. To date, forward osmosis has limited applications in the field of wastewater treatment due to several technical and economic concerns. Although membrane cost is one of the critical issues that limit the commercial application of forward osmosis, there are other obstacles such as membrane fouling, finding an ideal draw solution that can easily be recycled, concentration polarization and reverse salt diffusion. Innovative technologies for in-situ real-time fouling monitoring can give us new insights into fouling mechanisms and fouling control strategies in forward osmosis. This study evaluated recent advancements in forward osmosis technology for wastewater treatment and the main challenges that need to be addressed in future research work

Novel Framework for Hidden Data in the Image Page within Executable File Using Computation between Advanced Encryption Standard and Distortion Techniques

The hurried development of multimedia and internet allows for wide distribution of digital media data. It becomes much easier to edit, modify and duplicate digital information. In additional, digital document is also easy to copy and distribute, therefore it may face many threats. It became necessary to find an appropriate protection due to the significance, accuracy and sensitivity of the information. Furthermore, there is no formal method to be followed to discover a hidden data. In this paper, a new information hiding framework is presented.The proposed framework aim is implementation of framework computation between advance encryption standard (AES) and distortion technique (DT) which embeds information in image page within executable file (EXE file) to find a secure solution to cover file without change the size of cover file. The framework includes two main functions; first is the hiding of the information in the image page of EXE file, through the execution of four process (specify the cover file, specify the information file, encryption of the information, and hiding the information) and the second function is the extraction of the hiding information through three process (specify the stego file, extract the information, and decryption of the information).Comment: 6 Pages IEEE Format, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, IJCSIS 2009, ISSN 1947 5500, Impact Factor 0.42

Direct contact ultrasound for fouling control and flux enhancement in air-gap membrane distillation

© 2019 Elsevier B.V. Air Gap Membrane distillation (AGMD) is a thermally driven separation process capable of treating challenging water types, but its low productivity is a major drawback. Membrane fouling is a common problem in many membrane treatment systems, which exacerbates AGMD's low overall productivity. In this study, we investigated the direct application of low-power ultrasound (8–23 W), as an in-line cleaning and performance boosting technique for AGMD. Two different highly saline feedwaters, namely natural groundwater (3970 μS/cm) and RO reject stream water (12760 μS/cm) were treated using Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes. Theoretical calculations and experimental investigations are presented, showing that the applied ultrasonic power range only produced acoustic streaming effects that enhanced cleaning and mass transfer. Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) analysis showed that ultrasound was capable of effectively removing silica and calcium scaling. Ultrasound application on a fouled membrane resulted in a 100% increase in the permeate flux. Cleaning effects accounted for around 30–50% of this increase and the remainder was attributed to mass transfer improvements. Contaminant rejection percentages were consistently high for all treatments (>99%), indicating that ultrasound did not deteriorate the membrane structure. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis of the membrane surface was used to confirm this observation. The images of the membrane surface demonstrated that ultrasound successfully cleaned the previously fouled membrane, with no signs of structural damage. The results of this study highlight the efficient and effective application of direct low power ultrasound for improving AGMD performance

Halophytes: What are their Defines, Important, and their Strategies to be Live in Saline Habitats? (A Review)

       تتميز النباتات الملحية بقدرتها للعيش و الانتاجية في الترب او البيئات الملحية الاخرى. ان مصطلح النباتات الملحية يشير الى تلك الانواع التي تستطيع العيش في مواطن عالية الملوحة مثل الاهوار و الصحاري المالحة, بشرط ان انتاجيتها من الكتلة الحية عالية نسبيا في هكذا بيئات, وهي تمثل نباتات مهمة جدا نظرا لاستخداماتها المتعددة سواء كغذاء او علف او انتاج ادوية و غيرها من الاستعمالات الاخرى.       تستطيع تلك النباتات ان تحل مشكلة الملوحة العالية من خلال ان انواعها اما متحملة او مقاومة للملوحة عن طريق عدد من التكيفات و التي بدورها يمكن ان تكون تحورات مظهرية او تشريحية او خلوية. و تهدف هذه المراجعة إلى الإجابة عن الأسئلة الرئيسية المتعلقة بالنباتات الملحية والتي تشمل: ما هو تعريفها, ما هي اهميتها و استراتيجياتها للعيش وإعطاء إنتاجية جيدة في البيئات المالحة ؟Halophytes or saline plants characterized in their ability to live and give production in saline soils or in other saline habitats. They refer to plants that can live in high salts habitats like saline marshes and saline deserts, and can give relatively a high production of biomass in such habitats. They are very important due to their different uses of them as food, fodder, drugs and many other different important. They may solve salinity problem tolerant or avoidant species by several adaptations which may by morphological, anatomical or cellular modifications. In this review tend to answer the main questions related to halophytes which including: what are their defines, important, and their strategies to be live and give good productivity  in saline habitats

A review of fouling mechanisms, control strategies and real-time fouling monitoring techniques in forward osmosis

© 2019 by the authors. Forward osmosis has gained tremendous attention in the field of desalination and wastewater treatment. However, membrane fouling is an inevitable issue. Membrane fouling leads to flux decline, can cause operational problems and can result in negative consequences that can damage the membrane. Hereby, we attempt to review the different types of fouling in forward osmosis, cleaning and control strategies for fouling mitigation, and the impact of membrane hydrophilicity, charge and morphology on fouling. The fundamentals of biofouling, organic, colloidal and inorganic fouling are discussed with a focus on recent studies. We also review some of the in-situ real-time online fouling monitoring technologies for real-time fouling monitoring that can be applicable to future research on forward osmosis fouling studies. A brief discussion on critical flux and the coupled effects of fouling and concentration polarization is also provided

A review of fouling mechanisms, control strategies and real-time fouling monitoring techniques in forward osmosis

Forward osmosis has gained tremendous attention in the field of desalination and wastewater treatment. However, membrane fouling is an inevitable issue. Membrane fouling leads to flux decline, can cause operational problems and can result in negative consequences that can damage the membrane. Hereby, we attempt to review the different types of fouling in forward osmosis, cleaning and control strategies for fouling mitigation, and the impact of membrane hydrophilicity, charge and morphology on fouling. The fundamentals of biofouling, organic, colloidal and inorganic fouling are discussed with a focus on recent studies. We also review some of the in-situ real-time online fouling monitoring technologies for real-time fouling monitoring that can be applicable to future research on forward osmosis fouling studies. A brief discussion on critical flux and the coupled effects of fouling and concentration polarization is also provided

Kualitas Semen Segar Itik Mojosari (Anas Platyrhyncos javanicus) pada Pembatasan Pemberian Pakan

The high quality of semen is important to support fertilization and semen collection for the insemination. One of the factors influencing the semen quality is feed. The feed shortages and the excess of feed, both of them affect on the semen production and its quality. So the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of feed restriction on the semen characteristics of Mojosari duck. 60 Mojosari ducks(male) were used. They were reared from 4-39 weeks age. This experiment used complete randomize design.As treatment was the restriction on feeding, that consist of four levels : ad libitum (100%) for starter-layer period (P1), feed on starter-grower 100%, layer 85% (P2), feed on starter-grower85%, layer 100% (P3), and feed on starter-layer 85% (P4). The result of this study showed that the treatments did not significantly affect on volume semen per ejaculat, spermatozoa concentration, total spermatozoa per ejaculat, motility, viability, and percentage of spermatozoa abnormality. Spermatozoa without tail on P1 was higher significant than those on another treatments (P2, P3, and P4). This study indicated that feed restriction (85% adlibitum) from starter-layer period (P4) on the Mojosari duck was sufficient to produce semen with high quality