Mixed methods for viscoelastodynamics and topology optimization

A truly-mixed approach for the analysis of viscoelastic structures and continua is presented. An additive decomposition of the stress state into a viscoelastic part and a purely elastic one is introduced along with an Hellinger-Reissner variational principle wherein the stress represents the main variable of the formulation whereas the kinematic descriptor (that in the case at hand is the velocity field) acts as Lagrange multiplier. The resulting problem is a Differential Algebraic Equation (DAE) because of the need to introduce static Lagrange multipliers to comply with the Cauchy boundary condition on the stress. The associated eigenvalue problem is known in the literature as constrained eigenvalue problem and poses several difficulties for its solution that are addressed in the paper. The second part of the paper proposes a topology optimization approach for the rationale design of viscoelastic structures and continua. Details concerning density interpolation, compliance problems and eigenvalue-based objectives are given. Worked numerical examples are presented concerning both the dynamic analysis of viscoelastic structures and their topology optimization

Mixed methods for viscoelastodynamics and topology optimization

A truly-mixed approach for the analysis of viscoelastic structures and continua is presented. An additive decomposition of the stress state into a viscoelastic part and a purely elastic one is introduced along with an Hellinger-Reissner variational principle wherein the stress represents the main variable of the formulation whereas the kinematic descriptor (that in the case at hand is the velocity field) acts as Lagrange multiplier. The resulting problem is a Differential Algebraic Equation (DAE) because of the need to introduce static Lagrange multipliers to comply with the Cauchy boundary condition on the stress. The associated eigenvalue problem is known in the literature as constrained eigenvalue problem and poses several difficulties for its solution that are addressed in the paper. The second part of the paper proposes a topology optimization approach for the rationale design of viscoelastic structures and continua. Details concerning density interpolation, compliance problems and eigenvalue-based objectives are given. Worked numerical examples are presented concerning both the dynamic analysis of viscoelastic structures and their topology optimization

Political Communication and Gender: An Analysis of Public’s Perceptions Toward the Election of the 2017 Mayoral Candidates of Banda Aceh

This research attempted to describe the public's perception toward political communication ofcertain gender in winning the mayoral election of Banda Aceh in 2017 and to find outpeople's perceptions on whether gender is able to influence the candidacy in winning themayoral election of Banda Aceh in 2017. This research was conducted by using qualitativemethod and took place in Banda Aceh. The process of retrieving data and information of theresearch is obtained from the review of literature. This research employed structured-interview on expert informants from the Independent Election Commission, the Head ofIslamic Shari'a Office of Banda Aceh and the voting community (male and female) selectedby using purposive sampling. The theory used in this research is the theory of socialcognition, a learning theory explaining the patterns of behavior. This theory was developedby Albert Bandura since 1960 and emphasized the tendency to imitate or emulate whatpeople see through the media or other people. There are interrelationships betweenindividuals, environment and behavior. In this case, the political communication carried outby the two mayor candidates of Banda Aceh stemmed a new problem since one of thecandidates was female. As the result, this issue triggered a controversy in the community interms of contradicting the teachings of Islamic Shari'a among candidates and within thecommunity regarding gender. In terms of political participation, women have been givenspecial proportion in both management of political parties and legislative candidacy (30%).Meanwhile, this arrangement is still not well-considered because there are no strict sanctionsfor political parties. In respect of sociological aspects, there are still many serious problems, starting from women's interest which is still low in the political sphere as well as theproblems of gender bias experienced by women. Furthermore, the urgency of women'srepresentation in the political sphere is hampered due to negative stereotypes towards womenand the level of patriarchal knowledge which still sticks on people's lives

Structural investigation of poly(ethylene furanoate) polymorphs

α and β crystalline phases of poly(ethylene furanoate) (PEF) were determined using X-ray powder diffraction by structure resolution in direct space and Rietveld refinement. Moreover, the α' structure of a PEF sample was refined from data previously reported for PEF fiber. Triclinic α-PEF a = 5.729 Å, b = 7.89 Å, c = 9.62 Å, α = 98.1°, β = 65.1°, γ = 101.3°; monoclinic α'-PEF a = 5.912 Å, b = 6.91 Å, c = 19.73 Å, α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 104.41°, and monoclinic β-PEF a = 5.953 Å, b = 6.60 Å, c = 10.52 Å, α = 90°, β = 107.0°, γ = 90° were determined as the best fitting of X-ray diffraction (XRD) powder patterns. Final atomic coordinates are reported for all polymorphs. In all cases PEF chains adopted an almost planar configuration

Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition)

The third edition of Flow Cytometry Guidelines provides the key aspects to consider when performing flow cytometry experiments and includes comprehensive sections describing phenotypes and functional assays of all major human and murine immune cell subsets. Notably, the Guidelines contain helpful tables highlighting phenotypes and key differences between human and murine cells. Another useful feature of this edition is the flow cytometry analysis of clinical samples with examples of flow cytometry applications in the context of autoimmune diseases, cancers as well as acute and chronic infectious diseases. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid. All sections are written and peer‐reviewed by leading flow cytometry experts and immunologists, making this edition an essential and state‐of‐the‐art handbook for basic and clinical researchers.DFG, 389687267, Kompartimentalisierung, Aufrechterhaltung und Reaktivierung humaner Gedächtnis-T-Lymphozyten aus Knochenmark und peripherem BlutDFG, 80750187, SFB 841: Leberentzündungen: Infektion, Immunregulation und KonsequenzenEC/H2020/800924/EU/International Cancer Research Fellowships - 2/iCARE-2DFG, 252623821, Die Rolle von follikulären T-Helferzellen in T-Helferzell-Differenzierung, Funktion und PlastizitätDFG, 390873048, EXC 2151: ImmunoSensation2 - the immune sensory syste

Recent archaeological discoveries at Karkemish. Anatomy and trajectories of a capital city on the Middle Euphrates

none32siEight seasons of renewed archaeological excavations and conservation activities have taken place between 2011 and 2019 at Karkemish (modern Karkamış Höyük, Gaziantep). The Karkemish archaeological project revolves around an international cooperation framework, one which involves not only specialists from many fields, but also several Universities, Museums, public Authorities and private Bodies uniting their efforts towards shared goals and priorities, including the long-awaited opening of the site, laying within a military area, to public visit. This multidisciplinary and multi-partner perspective responds to a contemporary view in which integration (also intended as a continuous feedback between all involved participants) is the method chosen for facing the complexities and the challenges posed by an anthropological approach, both as far as the past and the present are concerned. What follows is a presentation of our main results obtained at the field, while we had necessarily to leave out of the present work the significant results which have been collected through a complete restudy program of the archives and finds from the British Museum excavations (1878-1881, 1911-1920), for which we have benefited from the cooperation with the Anatolian Civilizations Museum in Ankara, the Archaeological Museums in Istanbul and the British Museum in London (and all the colleagues therein), as well as with several other research centersopenNICOLÒ MARCHETTI, DANIELE ALAIMO, NADIA BARBI, MICHAEL CAMPEGGI, MARIA LETIZIA CARRA, VITTORIA CARDINI, SILVIA DI CRISTINA, CLAUDIA D’ORAZIO, MASSIMO FERRANDO, VALENTINA GALLERANI, ALESSANDRA GIACARDI, GABRIELE GIACOSA, GIUSEPPE GUARINO, GIAMPAOLO LUGLIO, ELENA MAINI, SIMONE MANTELLINI, GIANNI MARCHESI, ELEONORA MARIANI, JACOPO MONASTERO, VALENTINA ORRÚ, MUSTAFA ÖZAKÇA, HASAN PEKER, SARA PIZZIMENTI, FRANCESCO PREZIOSO, DANIELE REDAMANTE, ROSA RIVOLTELLA, GIULIA ROBERTO, ELEONORA SERRONE, RULA SHAFIQ, MARCO VALERI, VALENTINA VEZZOLI, FEDERICO ZAINANICOLÒ MARCHETTI, DANIELE ALAIMO, NADIA BARBI, MICHAEL CAMPEGGI, MARIA LETIZIA CARRA, VITTORIA CARDINI, SILVIA DI CRISTINA, CLAUDIA D’ORAZIO, MASSIMO FERRANDO, VALENTINA GALLERANI, ALESSANDRA GIACARDI, GABRIELE GIACOSA, GIUSEPPE GUARINO, GIAMPAOLO LUGLIO, ELENA MAINI, SIMONE MANTELLINI, GIANNI MARCHESI, ELEONORA MARIANI, JACOPO MONASTERO, VALENTINA ORRÚ, MUSTAFA ÖZAKÇA, HASAN PEKER, SARA PIZZIMENTI, FRANCESCO PREZIOSO, DANIELE REDAMANTE, ROSA RIVOLTELLA, GIULIA ROBERTO, ELEONORA SERRONE, RULA SHAFIQ, MARCO VALERI, VALENTINA VEZZOLI, FEDERICO ZAIN

Antiretroviral therapy alone versus antiretroviral therapy with a kick and kill approach, on measures of the HIV reservoir in participants with recent HIV infection (the RIVER trial): a phase 2, randomised trial

Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) cannot cure HIV infection because of a persistent reservoir of latently infected cells. Approaches that force HIV transcription from these cells, making them susceptible to killing—termed kick and kill regimens—have been explored as a strategy towards an HIV cure. RIVER is the first randomised trial to determine the effect of ART-only versus ART plus kick and kill on markers of the HIV reservoir. Methods: This phase 2, open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled trial was undertaken at six clinical sites in the UK. Patients aged 18–60 years who were confirmed as HIV-positive within a maximum of the past 6 months and started ART within 1 month from confirmed diagnosis were randomly assigned by a computer generated randomisation list to receive ART-only (control) or ART plus the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat (the kick) and replication-deficient viral vector T-cell inducing vaccines encoding conserved HIV sequences ChAdV63. HIVconsv-prime and MVA.HIVconsv-boost (the kill; ART + V + V; intervention). The primary endpoint was total HIV DNA isolated from peripheral blood CD4+ T-cells at weeks 16 and 18 after randomisation. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02336074. Findings: Between June 14, 2015 and Jul 11, 2017, 60 men with HIV were randomly assigned to receive either an ART-only (n=30) or an ART + V + V (n=30) regimen; all 60 participants completed the study, with no loss-to-follow-up. Mean total HIV DNA at weeks 16 and 18 after randomisation was 3·02 log10 copies HIV DNA per 106 CD4+ T-cells in the ART-only group versus 3·06 log10 copies HIV DNA per 106 CD4+ T-cells in ART + V + V group, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (mean difference of 0·04 log10 copies HIV DNA per 106 CD4+ T-cells [95% CI −0·03 to 0·11; p=0·26]). There were no intervention-related serious adverse events. Interpretation: This kick and kill approach conferred no significant benefit compared with ART alone on measures of the HIV reservoir. Although this does not disprove the efficacy kick and kill strategy, for future trials enhancement of both kick and kill agents will be required. Funding: Medical Research Council (MR/L00528X/1)

Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition)

Cossarizza A, Chang H‐D, Radbruch A, et al. Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition). European Journal of Immunology. 2021;51(12):2708-3145.The third edition of Flow Cytometry Guidelines provides the key aspects to consider when performing flow cytometry experiments and includes comprehensive sections describing phenotypes and functional assays of all major human and murine immune cell subsets. Notably, the Guidelines contain helpful tables highlighting phenotypes and key differences between human and murine cells. Another useful feature of this edition is the flow cytometry analysis of clinical samples with examples of flow cytometry applications in the context of autoimmune diseases, cancers as well as acute and chronic infectious diseases. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid. All sections are written and peer-reviewed by leading flow cytometry experts and immunologists, making this edition an essential and state-of-the-art handbook for basic and clinical researchers

Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition)

The third edition of Flow Cytometry Guidelines provides the key aspects to consider when performing flow cytometry experiments and includes comprehensive sections describing phenotypes and functional assays of all major human and murine immune cell subsets. Notably, the Guidelines contain helpful tables highlighting phenotypes and key differences between human and murine cells. Another useful feature of this edition is the flow cytometry analysis of clinical samples with examples of flow cytometry applications in the context of autoimmune diseases, cancers as well as acute and chronic infectious diseases. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid. All sections are written and peer-reviewed by leading flow cytometry experts and immunologists, making this edition an essential and state-of-the-art handbook for basic and clinical researchers.ISSN:0014-2980ISSN:1521-414

Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition)

The third edition of Flow Cytometry Guidelines provides the key aspects to consider when performing flow cytometry experiments and includes comprehensive sections describing phenotypes and functional assays of all major human and murine immune cell subsets. Notably, the Guidelines contain helpful tables highlighting phenotypes and key differences between human and murine cells. Another useful feature of this edition is the flow cytometry analysis of clinical samples and respective applications of flow cytometry in the context of a variety of autoimmune diseases, cancers as well as acute and chronic infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid. All sections are written and peer-reviewed by leading flow cytometry experts and immunologists, making this edition an essential and state-of-the-art handbook for basic and clinical researchers