L’éducation thérapeutique du patient asthmatique au niveau de la province d’Essaouira, Maroc

Introduction et objectif : L’éducation thérapeutique constitue le chemin de croisement entre la médecine le soin et l’éducation. La présente étude vise à étudier l’éducation thérapeutique (ETP) chez le patient asthmatique au niveau de la province d’Essaouira.Méthodes : Un questionnaire dirigé a été administré aux patients asthmatiques comportant trois grandes parties, les caractéristiques biodémographiques, sociodémographiques et socioéconomiques du patient asthmatique, son style de vie et  l’éducation thérapeutique du patient asthmatique».Résultats : 55% des asthmatiques sont  du milieu rural. Le sexe ratio est de 48 féminin /30 masculin. L'âge des participants oscillait entre 19 et 59 ans, avec une moyenne d'âge de 40 ans et la majorité des asthmatiques (53%) sont des analphabètes  et  64% sont mariés. Seuls 11 % des asthmatiques jugent leur état de santé « très bon ». 44% des asthmatiques interrogés n’ont pas un suivi régulier de leur maladie, 15% consultent lorsqu’il s’agit d’une exacerbation ou une complication. 58% des asthmatiques avancent que le choix du thème et du sujet d’éducation se fait par le personnel de santé et uniquement dans 4% en concertation avec le patient. 87% des asthmatiques préfèrent les groupes de parole pour mettre en récit et partager les expériences des malades et 53% aspirent à des séances d’ETP pour leurs proches. 38% affirment que les soignants procèdent à une évaluation de leurs connaissances lors des séances éducatives.Conclusion : Le patient asthmatique devrait être motivé et impliqué dans sa prise en charge à travers des séances d’ETP structurée en respectant les recommandations de la HAS décrivant la démarche à suivre pour réaliser l’ETP pour qu’il devienne expert de son traitement

Effet de la température sur la structure d’un puit quantique à base de GaN/AlxGa1-xN

Dans ce travail nous avons étudié des structures à puits quantique contraint à base de GaN/AlxGa1-xN. Nous avons étudié l’énergie de la bande interdite, le confinement des porteurs dans le puits et l’énergie de transition. L’étude est basée sur l’effet de la contrainte, l’épaisseur de la zone active, la concentration d’aluminium et l’injection des porteurs sur le gain optique. L’effet de la température sur la structure est pris en considération. Nous constatons que lorsque la densité de porteurs augmente de 6 à 8.1025m-3 le gain optique et la largeur spectrale augmentent de 25% et 1.3% respectivement. L’accroissement de la température décroit le gain optique. A partir de cette structure nous pouvons réaliser des composants optoélectroniques fiables et stables en température

The issue of campylobacter spp. in poultry

De nos jours, campylobacter est considéré comme l’un des plus importants pathogènes causant un spectre très large de manifestations cliniques dont la campylobacteriose est la plus fréquente. Tandis que les efforts sont fournis pour limiter ou contrôler la transmission de ce pathogène. L'incidence des infections à campylobacter reste toujours en augmentation dans le monde entier. La transmission se fait principalement par voie alimentaire après ingestion de volailles étant le  principal réservoir de cette bactérie. L’objectif de cette étude est de mettre à jour et de  décrire les données  liées au genre campylobacter, ses caractéristiques, ses mécanismes de virulence ainsi que les origines des infections de volailles et de  l’homme. Les différents problèmes causés par campylobacter, son diagnostic et traitement sont aussi évoqués. Finalement cette revue présente également un aperçu sur la résistance aux antibiotiques qui constitue  une menace majeure pour la santé publique au niveau mondial. Mots clés: Campylobacter spp., campylobacteriose, volaille, résistance aux antibiotiquesToday, campyobacter is considered one of the most important pathogens causing a very broad spectrum of clinical manifestations of which human campylobacteriosis are the most common. While efforts are being made to limit or control the transmission of this pathogen. The incidence of campylobacter infections is still increasing worldwide. Transmission is mainly via food after ingestion of poultry being the main reservoir of this bacterium. The objective of this study will be to give and describe recent information related to the genus campyobacter, its characteristics, its virulence mechanisms as well as the origins of poultry and human infections by the latter. The various problems caused by campylobacter, its diagnosis and treatment will also be discussed. Finally, this review will also provide an overview of antibiotic resistance, which is a major threat to public health worldwide. Keywords: Campylobacter spp., human campylobacteriosis, poultry, antibiotic resistanc

Low-cost carbon-silicon nanocomposite anodes for lithium ion batteries

The specific energy of the existing lithium ion battery cells is limited because intercalation electrodes made of activated carbon (AC) materials have limited lithium ion storage capacities. Carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon nanofibers are the most sought alternatives to replace AC materials but their synthesis cost makes them highly prohibitive. Silicon has recently emerged as a strong candidate to replace existing graphite anodes due to its inherently large specific capacity and low working potential. However, pure silicon electrodes have shown poor mechanical integrity due to the dramatic expansion of the material during battery operation. This results in high irreversible capacity and short cycle life. We report on the synthesis and use of carbon and hybrid carbon-silicon nanostructures made by a simplified thermo-mechanical milling process to produce low-cost high-energy lithium ion battery anodes. Our work is based on an abundant, cost-effective, and easy-to-launch source of carbon soot having amorphous nature in combination with scrap silicon with crystalline nature. The carbon soot is transformed in situ into graphene and graphitic carbon during mechanical milling leading to superior elastic properties. Micro-Raman mapping shows a well-dispersed microstructure for both carbon and silicon. The fabricated composites are used for battery anodes, and the results are compared with commercial anodes from MTI Corporation. The anodes are integrated in batteries and tested; the results are compared to those seen in commercial batteries. For quick laboratory assessment, all electrochemical cells were fabricated under available environment conditions and they were tested at room temperature. Initial electrochemical analysis results on specific capacity, efficiency, and cyclability in comparison to currently available AC counterpart are promising to advance cost-effective commercial lithium ion battery technology. The electrochemical performance observed for carbon soot material is very interesting given the fact that its production cost is away cheaper than activated carbon. The cost of activated carbon is about $15/kg whereas the cost to manufacture carbon soot as a by-product from large-scale milling of abundant graphite is about$1/kg. Additionally, here, we propose a method that is environmentally friendly with strong potential for industrialization. © 2014 Badi et al.; licensee Springer

Determination of VCSEL laser structures based InGaAsN / GaAs for fiber optic communication

The objective of this work is to study the electronic properties of GaInNAs semiconductor alloy in order to obtain quantum well GaInNAs/GaAs structures emitting at wavelengths around 1.3 μm to 1.55 μm, to use as active layers in laser diodes for fiber-optic communication. The incorporation of nitride in the GaInAs alloy gave very particular and attractive properties, the most important being the reduction of the energy of band gap. The anticrossing band model describes these properties; using this model, we determined the effect of nitrogen on the conduction band and the energy gap. We observed that the incorporation of nitrogen decreases the energy of the band gap and increases the emission wavelength. We found a compromise between the concentrations of In and N in order to determine the optimal structures for use in fiber-optic communication

Feasibility of electrokinetic nitrogen supply for soil fertilization purposes

Abstract This article presents the results of the application of electrokinetic technique to fertilize an agricultural natural soil with nitric nitrogen (as NO 3 − ). The injection into the soil of amounts of nitrate proportional to the applied electric current is adapted to the plant needs. This would help to reduce the nitrate pollution in waters generated in part by excessive fertilizer inputs in agricultural systems. The pilot test was realized at constant current of 2.54A (current density 6.2A.m -2 ) on a soil mass of 46.7 kg. All results showed the injection and transport of nitrate through the soil. The electromigration is the preponderant transport mechanism. Nitrate ions were transported throughout the soil sample at contents between 208-1428 mg N.kg -1 of soil, on the ground corresponding to a nitrogen rate between 80-550 kg N. ha -1 . pH is maintained at its initial value in electrolytic compartments in electrolytic compartments. the electrical energy consumed in the pilot test was about 32.9 Wh.kg -1

Salmonella spp: Between the zoonotic aspect and antimicrobial resistance, what is the challenge of the poultry sector?

 Les salmonelloses demeurent des maladies d'origine alimentaire les plus fréquentes dans le monde entier, en particulier rapportées dans les pays en développement et par conséquent une étiologie majeure de gastro-entérites humaines. Elles se manifestent en fonction de l’hôte et du sérotype, sous forme de portage asymptomatique, de gastroentérite (le plus souvent) ou bien chez les plus fragiles sous forme d’infection systémique sévère. Depuis de nombreuses années, Salmonella constitue la cause majeure des infections du tractus digestif humain, liées à la consommation de denrées alimentaires d’origine animale. Parmi ces denrées, les produits d’origine aviaire, en particulier, les œufs sont fortement impliqués et constituent la cause principale des foyers de TIAC des salmonelloses non-typhoidiennes observées chez l’Homme. Depuis les années 1990, les Salmonella isolées en cliniques humaine et animale sont de plus en plus résistantes aux antibiotiques avec parfois des souches résistantes à plusieurs antibiotiques de dernière génération. Par conséquent nous avons jugé utile, qu’il serait intéressant d’aborder cette problématique à travers une synthèse bibliographique sur les généralités des salmonelloses, la définition de l’antibiorésistance, son impact sur la santé publique ainsi que le plan d’action de la lutte contre ce phénomène. Mots clés: Salmonelle, Aviaire, Œuf, TIAC, Antibiorésistance Salmonellosis remain one of the most common foodborne disease worldwide, particularly in developing countries and therefore a major etiology of human gastroenteritis. It manifests itself, depending on the host and the serotype, in the form of asymptomatic carriage, gastroenteritis or of severe systemic infection in most fragile people.For many years, Salmonella has been the major cause of infections of the human digestive tract, linked to the consumption of food of animal origin. Among these commodities, poultry meat products and particularly eggs are strongly incriminated and therefore are the main cause of the pandemic of non-typhoid human salmonellosis. Since the 1990s, Salmonella isolated in humans have been increasingly resistant to antibiotics with sometimes strains resistant to several latest generation antibiotics. Consequently, we deemed it useful that it is interesting to approach this topic through a literature review on the salmonellosis, the impact of antibiotic resistance on public health. Programmes to prevent the Salmonella antibiotic resistance are also reviewed. Keywords: Salmonella, Poultry, Egg, TIAC, Antibiotic resistanc

Use of a biochar-based formulation for coating corn seeds

The series of experiments summarized here were conducted with the objective to evaluate the benefits of using biochar for coating corn seeds. Seeds coated with a slurry containing bio-based ingredients and biochar were tested for germination and vigor, and for their potential to being infected by the fungus Aspergillus flavus, using a novel single seed incubator specifically designed for these purposes. Biochar-treated seeds were also planted for two years in experimental fields in the Mississippi Delta to evaluate their effect on corn yield and aflatoxin contamination of kernels. Experiments were conducted with two types of commercial biochar; one was obtained from hardwood residues and the other from coconut shells. Application of both types of biochar for coating the seeds did not affect seed germination and vigor. However, treated seeds showed increased wettability and a more rapid water uptake. This resulted in a 8.5% shortening of germination time. Microbiological analysis using plate culturing and qPCR methods showed that biochar was not conducive to the growth of A. flavus. This was also confirmed by analyzing soil samples that were collected from experimental fields located in the Mississippi Delta. Most importantly, although aflatoxin contamination was different in the two experimental years, aflatoxin contamination of corn kernels was not affected by biochar-based formulations

Fabrication and Characterization of a W-Band Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna-Coupled Niobium Microbolometer

We report on the fabrication and characterization of a novel antenna-coupled detector configuration for detection at 94 GHz, a coplanar waveguide- (CPW-) fed, slot-excited twin dielectric resonator antenna- (DRA-) coupled niobium (Nb) microbolometer. The antenna is based on two low permittivity cylindrical dielectric resonators (CDRs) excited by rectangular slots placed below the CDRs. The antenna resonant currents are fed to an Nb microbolometer by the means of a CPW feed. The ceramic DRA structure is manufactured using a novel fabrication process that enables patterning an SU-8–Alumina (Al2O3) nanopowder composite using conventional photolithography. The detector measured a voltage responsivity of 0.181 V/W at a modulation frequency of 150 Hz. The detector measured a time constant of 1.94 μs. The antenna radiation pattern of the developed detector configuration was measured and shows a good agreement with the simulation