ハプスブルク帝国領ガリツィアのイディッシュ語ユダヤ人問題に関する史料的研究

金沢大学人間社会研究域経済学経営学系平成15年度の研究実施計画にもとづき、かつてイディッシュ語ユダヤ人の歴史・文化研究の中心地であったリトアニアの首都ヴィリニュスを訪問した。現地では、ヴィリニュス大学歴史学部イディッシュ研究所でイディッシュ語史料の調査を行い、そのさい同研究所のリーキス助教授から貴重な助言を得ることができた。またヴィリニュスの国立ユダヤ博物館では、ヴィリニュスのユダヤ人の歴史に関して、日本では購入することのできない書籍や資料を入手することができ、その他、ヴィリニュスの旧ユダヤ人街の映像資料を作成することもできた。本年度は当萌芽研究の最終年度にあたるが、とくに平成13年度と14年度の調査によって、旧ハプスブルク帝国領東ガリツィアの中心都市リヴィウについては、ユダヤ人関係史料の破壊と残存の状況をかなりの程度まで把握することができ、これによって当研究の研究目的のひとつを達成することができた。とりわけリヴィウのウクライナ国立中央歴史アルヒーフの研究員と知己をえたことは、今後の研究にとって大きな意味をもつ。またリヴィウをはじめ、研究期間中の調査旅行で受けた研究上の刺激はきわめて大きい。当萌芽研究の研究成果の一部は、共著『民族』(ミネルヴァ書房、2003年)所収の論考「恩讐の彼方-東ガリツィアのポーランド人・ユダヤ人・ウクライナ人」および2003年11月に開催された史学会第101会大会公開シンポジウムでの口頭報告「西ウクライナの20世紀」で発表した。ともにリヴィウのユダヤ人問題という、日本では先行研究のないテーマを扱っており、まさしく「萌芽研究」として一定の評価を得ることができた。なお、萌芽研究の研究成果の発表にさいしては、通称「野村真理」を使用している。研究課題/領域番号:13871048, 研究期間(年度):2001 – 2003出典：「ハプスブルク帝国領ガリツィアのイディッシュ語ユダヤ人問題に関する史料的研究」研究成果報告書　課題番号13871048（KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所））（https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/ja/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13871048/)を加工して作

ナチ支配下ウィーンのユダヤ人移住における ウィーン・モデルとゲマインデ

金沢大学人間社会研究

長田浩彰著『「境界に立つ市民」の誇り ―ユダヤ人を家族に持つナチ時代の アーリア人作家クレッパー』

金沢大学人間社会研究

コクサイシホウ ノ ゲンダイカ ニ カンスル ヨウコウ チュウカンシアン ニ カンスル イケン

資

Shootin1: a protein involved in the organization of an asymmetric signal for neuronal polarization

Neurons have the remarkable ability to polarize even in symmetrical in vitro environments. Although recent studies have shown that asymmetric intracellular signals can induce neuronal polarization, it remains unclear how these polarized signals are organized without asymmetric cues. We describe a novel protein, named shootin1, that became up-regulated during polarization of hippocampal neurons and began fluctuating accumulation among multiple neurites. Eventually, shootin1 accumulated asymmetrically in a single neurite, which led to axon induction for polarization. Disturbing the asymmetric organization of shootin1 by excess shootin1 disrupted polarization, whereas repressing shootin1 expression inhibited polarization. Overexpression and RNA interference data suggest that shootin1 is required for spatially localized phosphoinositide-3-kinase activity. Shootin1 was transported anterogradely to the growth cones and diffused back to the soma; inhibiting this transport prevented its asymmetric accumulation in neurons. We propose that shootin1 is involved in the generation of internal asymmetric signals required for neuronal polarization

Identification of a novel SEREX antigen family, ECSA, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) may improve with early diagnosis. Currently it is difficult to diagnose SCC in the early stage because there is a limited number of tumor markers available.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Fifty-two esophageal SCC SEREX antigens were identified by SEREX (serological identification of antigens by recombinant cDNA expression cloning) using a cDNA phage library and sera of patients with esophageal SCC. Sequence analysis revealed that three of these antigens were similar in amino acid sequences, and they were designated as ECSA (esophageal carcinoma SEREX antigen)-1, -2 and -3. The ECSA family was also similar to an EST clone, hepatocellular carcinoma-associated antigen 25a (HCA25a). Serum antibody levels to ECSA-1, -2 and -3 were significantly higher in patients with esophageal SCC than in healthy donors. Based on the conserved amino acid sequences, three peptides were synthesized and used for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The serum antibody levels against one of these peptides were significantly higher in patients with esophageal SCC. This peptide sequence was also conserved in FAM119A, GOSR1 and BBS5, suggesting that these are also ECSA family members. Reverse transcription followed by quantitative PCR analysis showed that the mRNA expression levels of ECSA-1, -2 and -3 and FAM119A but not of HCA25a, GOSR1 and BBS5 were frequently elevated in esophageal SCC tissues.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We have identified a new gene family designated ECSA. Serum antibodies against the conserved domain of the ECSA family may be a promising tumor marker for esophageal SCC.</p

Therapeutic benefit of Muse cells in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive motor neuron loss. Muse cells are endogenous reparative pluripotent-like stem cells distributed in various tissues. They can selectively home to damaged sites after intravenous injection by sensing sphingosine-1-phosphate produced by damaged cells, then exert pleiotropic effects, including tissue protection and spontaneous differentiation into tissue-constituent cells. In G93A-transgenic ALS mice, intravenous injection of 5.0x10(4) cells revealed successful homing of human-Muse cells to the lumbar spinal cords, mainly at the pia-mater and underneath white matter, and exhibited glia-like morphology and GFAP expression. In contrast, such homing or differentiation were not recognized in human mesenchymal stem cells but were instead distributed mainly in the lung. Relative to the vehicle groups, the Muse group significantly improved scores in the rotarod, hanging-wire and muscle strength of lower limbs, recovered the number of motor neurons, and alleviated denervation and myofiber atrophy in lower limb muscles. These results suggest that Muse cells homed in a lesion site-dependent manner and protected the spinal cord against motor neuron death. Muse cells might also be a promising cell source for the treatment of ALS patients

Polish-Jewish Relations and Anti-Semitism in Interwar Poland

International Seminar : Polish-Jewish Relations and Anti-Semitism in Interwar Poland/Kyoto, January 7-8, 201

イディシズムとイディッシュ・ネーションの創造

International Workshop : Yiddishism and Creation of the Yiddish Nation/Tokyo, January 7 and Kyoto, January 9, 201