<Appendix I> Directional verb affixes found in Tibeto-Burman languages in China

The English translation of this paper was supported by professionals at Editage, a division of Cactus Communications, and supervised by IKEDA Takumi.This paper is a pioneering work on directional affixes in Tibeto-Burman languages spoken in China. Nishi Yoshio 西義郎 (1934–2019), a Japanese scholar of Tibeto-Burman linguistics, and a professor emeritus at Kobe City University of Foreign Studies 神戸市外国語大学 had authored it. He made notable contributions to typological/historical studies, especially in Burman and Himalayan languages. The original paper in Japanese appeared in 1985 under the title「中国国内のチベット・ビルマ系の言語にみられる方向指示の動詞接辞」 in Nishida Tatsuo 西田龍雄 (ed.) 『チベット・ビルマ諸語の言語類型学的研究』昭和59年度科学研究費 補助金研究成果報告書 [Outcome Report for the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research for the academic year of Showa 59 (1984)] pp. 26–45. However, this report was a restricted publication distributed to limited scholars, and was not easy to access. In 1990, Nishi's article was translated into Chinese and published as 中国境内的藏缅语指示方向的动词附加成分. (郑贻青译、陈鹏校)中国社会科学院民族研究所语言室编《民族语文研究情报资 料集》第十三集, 104–116, 103頁. It was fortunate that this translation was widely read among Chinese scholars as well as those American/European scholars who read Chinese. When we started our research project on directional affixes in Tibeto-Burman languages, including Tangut, Nishi's work was extensively read by all research members involved to better understand the basic knowledge and methodology of the analysis of directional affixes. We share the belief that this paper was a great and important work, and thus, the editors decided to provide a new English translation of Prof. Nishi's article in this volume for easy reference in honor of this expert linguist. (Editors

The Proto-Lolo-Burmese and old Burmese sources of written Burmese -AC*

It is a notable fact that some Written Burmese (WrB) morphemes in -ac are rather consistently spelt with -at when the initials are, or are interpretable as, with medial -y-. Thus WrB hrac ‘eight’ is written in some early Pagan inscriptions as hyat or het. Similarly, we find Old Burmese (OB) ñhat for WrB hñac ‘to squeeze’, OB cat for WrB cac ‘to examine, investigate’, OB khyat for WrB khyac ‘to love’ and OB mryat for WrB mrac ‘root’. On the other hand, the majority of the WrB morphemes in -ac are more consistently spelt with -ac or -ec. To give only a few examples, OB phlac, phlec for WrB phrac ‘to be become’, OB tac, tec or even tic for WrB tac or ta- (in composition with classifiers and in some other phrases) ‘one’, OB nhac or nhec for WrB hnac or hna- (in composition with classifiers) ‘two’, OB (Ɂa-)nhac for WrB (Ɂa-) hnac ‘year’, OB nhac for WrB hnac ‘heart’, OB Ɂac- or Ɂec- for WrB Ɂac- (‘older sibling’) in WrB Ɂac-kúi ‘elder brother’ and Ɂac-ma ‘elder sister’. Side by side, with OB hyat or het and OB khyat, however, we encounter variant spellings such as OB rhec and OB khyac. Likewise, phlet and Ɂat- are variant forms of OB phlac ~ phlec and OB Ɂac- ~ Ɂec-. In spite of this, it is not inconceivable that WrB -ac would be the result of merger of two distinct OB finals

Plasmonic Enhancement of Emission from Si-nanocrystals

Plasmonic gratings of different periodicities are fabricated on top of Silicon nanocrystals embedded in Silicon Dioxide. Purcell enhancements of up to 2 were observed, which matches the value from simulations. Plasmonic enhancements are observed for the first three orders of the plasmonic modes, with the peak enhancement wavelength varying with the periodicity. Biharmonic gratings are also fabricated to extract the enhanced emission from the first order plasmonic mode, resulting in enhancements with quality factors of up to 16.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures added explanation of low purcell enhancement updated figure

Fully inverted single-digit nanometer domains in ferroelectric films

Achieving stable single-digit nanometer inverted domains in ferroelectric thin films is a fundamental issue that has remained a bottleneck for the development of ultrahigh density (>1 Tbit/in.^2) probe-based memory devices using ferroelectric media. Here, we demonstrate that such domains remain stable only if they are fully inverted through the entire ferroelectric film thickness, which is dependent on a critical ratio of electrode size to the film thickness. This understanding enables the formation of stable domains as small as 4 nm in diameter, corresponding to 10 unit cells in size. Such domain size corresponds to 40 Tbit/in.^2 data storage densitie