8,391 research outputs found
Bayesian Semi-supervised Learning with Graph Gaussian Processes
We propose a data-efficient Gaussian process-based Bayesian approach to the
semi-supervised learning problem on graphs. The proposed model shows extremely
competitive performance when compared to the state-of-the-art graph neural
networks on semi-supervised learning benchmark experiments, and outperforms the
neural networks in active learning experiments where labels are scarce.
Furthermore, the model does not require a validation data set for early
stopping to control over-fitting. Our model can be viewed as an instance of
empirical distribution regression weighted locally by network connectivity. We
further motivate the intuitive construction of the model with a Bayesian linear
model interpretation where the node features are filtered by an operator
related to the graph Laplacian. The method can be easily implemented by
adapting off-the-shelf scalable variational inference algorithms for Gaussian
processes.Comment: To appear in NIPS 2018 Fixed an error in Figure 2. The previous arxiv
version contains two identical sub-figure
Bronchodilators for the prevention and treatment of chronic lung disease in preterm infants
Background: Chronic lung disease (CLD) occurs frequently in preterm infants. Bronchodilators have the potential effect of dilating small airways with muscle hypertrophy. Increased compliance and tidal volume and decreased pulmonary resistance have been documented with the use of bronchodilators in infants with CLD. Therefore, bronchodilators might have a role in the prevention and treatment of CLD. Objectives: To determine the effect of bronchodilators given as prophylaxis or as treatment for CLD on mortality and other complications of preterm birth in infants at risk for or identified as having CLD. Search methods: On 2016 March 7, we used the standard strategy of the Cochrane Neonatal Review Group to search the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2016, Issue 2), MEDLINE (from 1966), Embase (from 1980) and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL; from 1982). We searched clinical trials databases, conference proceedings and the reference lists of retrieved articles for randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised trials. We applied no language restrictions. Selection criteria: Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials involving preterm infants were eligible for inclusion. Initiation of bronchodilator therapy for prevention of CLD had to occur within two weeks of birth. Treatment of patients with CLD had to be initiated before discharge from the neonatal unit. The intervention had to include administration of a bronchodilator by nebulisation, by metered dose inhaler (with or without a spacer device) or by intravenous or oral administration versus placebo or no intervention. Eligible studies had to include at least one of the following predefined clinical outcomes: mortality, CLD, number of days on oxygen, number of days on ventilator, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE), pneumothorax, intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) of any grade, necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), sepsis and adverse effects of bronchodilators. Data collection and analysis: We used the standard method described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (Higgins 2011). Two review authors extracted and assessed all data provided by each study. We reported risk ratio (RR), risk difference (RD) and number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for dichotomous outcomes and mean difference (MD) for continuous data. We assessed the quality of the evidence by using the GRADE approach. Main results: For this update, we identified one new randomised controlled trial investigating effects of bronchodilators in preterm infants. This study, which enrolled 73 infants but reported on 52 infants, examined prevention of CLD with the use of aminophylline. According to GRADE, the quality of the evidence was very low. One previously included study enrolled 173 infants to look at prevention of CLD with the use of salbutamol. According to GRADE, the quality of the evidence was moderate. We found no eligible trial that studied the use of bronchodilator therapy for treatment of individuals with CLD. Prophylaxis with salbutamol led to no statistically significant differences in mortality (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.50 to 2.31; RD 0.01, 95% CI -0.09 to 0.11) nor in CLD (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.37; RD 0.02, 95% CI -0.13 to 0.17). Results showed no statistically significant differences in other complications associated with CLD nor in preterm birth. Investigators in this study did not comment on side effects due to salbutamol. Prophylaxis with aminophylline led to a significant reduction in CLD at 28 days of life (RR 0.18, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.74; RD -0.35, 95% CI -0.56 to -0.13; NNTB 3, 95% CI 2 to 8) and no significant difference in mortality (RR 3.0, 95% CI 0.33 to 26.99; RD 0.08, 95% CI -0.07 to 0.22), along with a significantly shorter dependency on supplementary oxygen in the aminophylline group compared with the no treatment group (MD -17.75 days, 95% CI -27.56 to -7.94). Tests for heterogeneity were not applicable for any of the analyses, as each meta-analysis included only one study. Authors\u27 conclusions: Data are insufficient for reliable assessment of the use of salbutamol for prevention of CLD. One trial of poor quality reported a reduction in the incidence of CLD and shorter duration of supplementary oxygen with prophylactic aminophylline, but these results must be interpreted with caution. Additional clinical trials are necessary to assess the role of bronchodilator agents in prophylaxis or treatment of CLD. Researchers studying the effects of bronchodilators in preterm infants should include relevant clinical outcomes in addition to pulmonary mechanical outcomes. We identified no trials that studied the use of bronchodilator therapy for treatment of CLD
Senior Recital: Jarod Dylan Boles, double bass
This recital is presented in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree Bachelor of Music in Performance. Mr. Boles studies doiuble bass with Joseph McFadden.https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/musicprograms/1524/thumbnail.jp
8-Hydroxy-2-methylquinolinium dichlorido(2-methylquinolin-8-olato-κ2 N,O)zincate(II) methanol solvate
The reaction of zinc chloride and 2-methyl-8-hydroxyquinoline in methanol yielded the title monosolvated salt, (C10H10NO)[ZnCl2(C10H8NO)]·CH3OH, which has the Zn atom within a distorted Cl2NO tetrahedral coordination geometry. Supramolecular chains feature in the crystal structure, comprising all components of the structure stabilized by a combination of O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and O—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonding
Optimally combining dynamical decoupling and quantum error correction
We show how dynamical decoupling (DD) and quantum error correction (QEC) can
be optimally combined in the setting of fault tolerant quantum computing. To
this end we identify the optimal generator set of DD sequences designed to
protect quantum information encoded into stabilizer subspace or subsystem
codes. This generator set, comprising the stabilizers and logical operators of
the code, minimizes a natural cost function associated with the length of DD
sequences. We prove that with the optimal generator set the restrictive
local-bath assumption used in earlier work on hybrid DD-QEC schemes, can be
significantly relaxed, thus bringing hybrid DD-QEC schemes, and their
potentially considerable advantages, closer to realization.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figur
Exploring the Sensed and Unexpected:Not Looking in Gaze Interaction
Gaze interaction paradigms rely on the user needing to look at objects in the interface to select them or trigger actions. ”Not looking” is an atypical and unexpected interaction to perform, but the eye-tracker can sense it. We illustrate the use of ”not looking” as an interaction dynamic with examples of gaze-enabled games. We created a framework containing a spectrum of five discrete categories for this unexpected use of gaze sensing. For each category, we analyse games that use gaze interaction and make the user look away from the game action up to the extent they close their eyes. The framework is described based on whether specific game events mean the player might not; cannot; should not; must not; or does not look. Finally, we discuss the outcomes of using unexpected gaze interactions and the potential of the proposed framework as a new approach to guide the design of sensing-based interfaces
Scaling Factorial Hidden Markov Models: Stochastic Variational Inference without Messages
Factorial Hidden Markov Models (FHMMs) are powerful models for sequential data but they do not scale well with long sequences. We propose a scalable inference
and learning algorithm for FHMMs that draws on ideas from the stochastic variational inference, neural network and copula literatures. Unlike existing approaches,
the proposed algorithm requires no message passing procedure among latent variables and can be distributed to a network of computers to speed up learning.
Our experiments corroborate that the proposed algorithm does not introduce further approximation bias compared to the proven structured mean-field algorithm, and achieves better performance with long sequences and large FHMMs
The dairy sector in the Azores Islands: possibilities and main constraints towards increased added value
Technical NoteThe Azores archipelago is the most suitable region for dairy production in Portugal, representing 30% of the overall Portuguese
dairy production. It has a production system characterized by an average milk yield of 6216 kg/cow/year, and the predominance
of pasture-based feeding and cows that have longer productive lives and lower incidence of metabolic/production diseases, such
as acidosis or mastitis. The biggest problem with the Azores Islands dairy sector is the cost of transport, as the main markets are
located in continental Portugal, over 1500 km away, and local dairy products have to compete with dairy products produced in
mainland Portugal and in the rest of the European Union. Herein, the evolution of the dairy sector in the Azores Islands from 2007
to 2017 is presented. A SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat) analysis was performed to find potential solutions
to increase the value of the Azorean dairy sector. The most relevant solution considered was the valorization of the dairy
production through three major aspects: higher milk quality, namely, better organoleptic properties; lower carbon footprint
(not considering transport costs); and higher levels of animal welfare. Three examples are shown of such valorization: protected
denomination of origin (PDO) cheeses, the “happy cows” program, and the production of an organic milk, from the Terceira
Island. Some of these programs are relatively recent, so, it will be interesting to see how their sales and acceptance by consumers
evolve, particularly under the current economic frameworkinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Bayesian Semi-supervised Learning with Graph Gaussian Processes
We propose a data-efficient Gaussian process-based Bayesian approach to the semisupervised learning problem on graphs. The proposed model shows extremely
competitive performance when compared to the state-of-the-art graph neural networks on semi-supervised learning benchmark experiments, and outperforms the
neural networks in active learning experiments where labels are scarce. Furthermore, the model does not require a validation data set for early stopping to control
over-fitting. Our model can be viewed as an instance of empirical distribution
regression weighted locally by network connectivity. We further motivate the intuitive construction of the model with a Bayesian linear model interpretation where
the node features are filtered by an operator related to the graph Laplacian. The
method can be easily implemented by adapting off-the-shelf scalable variational
inference algorithms for Gaussian processes
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