Effectiveness of different final irrigation protocols in removing debris in flattened root canals

This study evaluated in vitro the capacity of debris removal from the apical third of flattened root canals, using different final irrigation protocols. Thirty human mandibular central incisors with a mesiodistal flattened root were prepared using rotary instrumentation by Endo-Flare 25.12 and Hero 642 30.06, 35.02, 40.02 files, irrigated with 2 mL of 1% NaOCl after each file. The specimens were randomly distributed into 5 groups according to the final irrigation of root canals: Group I: 10 mL of distilled water (control), Group II: 10 mL of 1% NaOCl for 8 min, Group III: 2 mL of 1% NaOCl for 2 min (repeated 4 times), Group IV: 10 mL of 2.5% NaOCl for 8 min, and Group V: 10 mL of 2.5% NaOCl for 2 min (repeated 4 times). The apical thirds of the specimens were subjected to histological processing and 6-μm cross-sections were obtained and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The specimens were examined under optical microscopy at ×40 magnification and the images were subjected to morphometric analysis using the Scion image-analysis software. The total area of root canal and the area with debris were measured in square millimeters. Analysis of variance showed no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) among the groups GI (2.39 ± 3.59), GII (2.91 ± 2.21), GIII (0.73 ± 1.36), GIV (0.95 ± 0.84) and GV (0.51 ± 0.22). In conclusion, the final irrigation protocols evaluated in this study using the Luer syringe presented similar performance in the removal of debris from the apical third of flattened root canals.Este estudo avaliou, in vitro, a capacidade de remoção de debris do terço apical de canais radiculares achatados, usando diferentes protocolos de irrigação final. Trinta incisivos centrais mandibulares humanos com a raiz mésio-distal achatada foram preparados usando instrumento rotatório Endo-Flare 25.12 e limas Hero 642 30.06, 35.02, 40.02, irrigadas com 2ml de NaOCl 1% após cada lima. Os espécimes foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em cinco grupos de acordo com a irrigação final dos canais radiculares: Grupo I: 10 mL de água destilada (controle), Grupo II: 10 mL de NaOCl a 1% por 8 min, Grupo III: 2 mL de NaOCl a 1% por 2 min (repetidos 4 vezes), Grupo IV: 10 mL de NaOCl 2,5% por 8 min e Grupo V: 10 mL de NaOCl 2,5% por 2 min (repetido 4 vezes). Os terços apicais dos espécimes foram submetidos a processamento histológico de rotina e cortes transversais com 6 μm de espessura foram obtidos e corados com hematoxilina e eosina. Os espécimes foram analisados em microscopia óptica com aumento final de 40 X e as imagens submetidas à análise morfométrica com a utilização do software Scion Image. A análise de variância evidenciou não haver diferença estatística (p>0,05) entre os grupos GI (2,39 ± 3,59), GII (2,91 ± 2,21), GIII (0,73 ± 1,36), GIV (0,95 ± 0,84) e GV (0,51 ± 0,22). Conclui-se que os protocolos de irrigação final utilizando a seringa Luer apresentaram comportamentos semelhantes na remoção de debris do terço apical de canais radiculares achatados

Influence of storage times on bond strength of resin cements to root canal

The resin cements are responsible to retention of the indirect materials decreasing marginal leakage, increasing failure resistance compared with conventional cementation. The cementation within root canal is very hard due unfavorable conditions regarding the application of adhesive techniques caused by inadequate access. Therefore, considering the possibility to decrease steps of cementation, this study was performed to evaluate the bond strength of self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX TM U100, 3M ESPE) and resin cement combined with self-ecthing adhesive system (Panavia® F 2.0, Kuraray) light-cured with Quartz Tungsten Halogen (QTH) following storage at 37 °C immediately after light-curing, 24 and 48 hours and 7 days. The root canals were prepared to receive the glass fiber post in the depth of 10 mm, irrigated with 17% EDTA and NaOCl, rinsed with distilled water and dried using paper points. The roots were perpendicularly sectioned into approximately 1 mm thick sections, obtaining ninety-six slices (n = 12). The slices were trimmed using a cylindrical diamond bur in the proximal surfaces until it touched the post and attached into a device, which were mounted on a strength tester (Bisco) and loaded in tension at a speed of 0.5 mm/min until failure occurred at specimens. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post-hoc tests showed significant statistical differences (P < .05) to all resin cements immediately after light-curing and 24 hours, 48 hours and 7 days. The Panavia® F 2.0 showed higher mean values than RelyX TM U100 for all storage times, however no different statistically significant was reported (P > .05). The resin cements 24 and 48 hours after light-curing were statistically similar among themselves (P > .05). The both resin cement showed similar bond strength into root canal on different storage times. The highest bond strength values of the resin cements were showed 7 days after curing