Effect of UV-​B radiation on growth and anthocyanin production in Malva sylvestris L.

The changes of growth pattern and anthocyanin prodn., malvidin and delphinidin of Malva sylvestris L., were studied under UV-​B treatment. The supplemental dose of UV-​B exposure significantly reduced the growth of the plant with increase in anthocyanin content. With the traditional chilled acidified methanol method, the total anthocyanins were extd. and estd. by pH differential spectroscopic method. The anthocyanins were purified by C18 Sep-​pak column and further analyzed for different anthocyanins by high performance liq. chromatog. (HPLC) method

Entropy of near-extremal black holes in AdS_5

We construct the microstates of near-extremal black holes in AdS_5 x S^5 as gases of defects distributed in heavy BPS operators in the dual SU(N) Yang-Mills theory. These defects describe open strings on spherical D3-branes in the S^5, and we show that they dominate the entropy by directly enumerating them and comparing the results with a partition sum calculation. We display new decoupling limits in which the field theory of the lightest open strings on the D-branes becomes dual to a near-horizon region of the black hole geometry. In the single-charge black hole we find evidence for an infrared duality between SU(N) Yang-Mills theories that exchanges the rank of the gauge group with an R-charge. In the two-charge case (where pairs of branes intersect on a line), the decoupled geometry includes an AdS_3 factor with a two-dimensional CFT dual. The degeneracy in this CFT accounts for the black hole entropy. In the three-charge case (where triples of branes intersect at a point), the decoupled geometry contains an AdS_2 factor. Below a certain critical mass, the two-charge system displays solutions with naked timelike singularities even though they do not violate a BPS bound. We suggest a string theoretic resolution of these singularities.Comment: LaTeX; v2: references and a few additional comments adde

Evaluation of planar silicon pixel sensors with the RD53A readout chip for the Phase-2 Upgrade of the CMS Inner Tracker

The Large Hadron Collider at CERN will undergo an upgrade in order to increase its luminosity to 7.5 × 10³⁴ cm⁻²s⁻¹. The increased luminosity during this High-Luminosity running phase, starting around 2029, means a higher rate of proton-proton interactions, hence a larger ionizing dose and particle fluence for the detectors. The current tracking system of the CMS experiment will be fully replaced in order to cope with the new operating conditions. Prototype planar pixel sensors for the CMS Inner Tracker with square 50 μm × 50 μm and rectangular 100 μm × 25 μm pixels read out by the RD53A chip were characterized in the lab and at the DESY-II testbeam facility in order to identify designs that meet the requirements of CMS during the High-Luminosity running phase. A spatial resolution of approximately 3.4 μm (2 μm) is obtained using the modules with 50 μm × 50 μm (100 μm × 25 μm) pixels at the optimal angle of incidence before irradiation. After irradiation to a 1 MeV neutron equivalent fluence of Φeq = 5.3 × 10¹⁵ cm⁻², a resolution of 9.4 μm is achieved at a bias voltage of 800 V using a module with 50 μm × 50 μm pixel size. All modules retain a hit efficiency in excess of 99% after irradiation to fluences up to 2.1 × 10¹⁶ cm⁻². Further studies of the electrical properties of the modules, especially crosstalk, are also presented in this paper

Development of weather based rice yellow stem borer prediction model for the Cauvery command rice areas, Karnataka, India

Relationship of weather parameters viz., maximum temperature (Tmax, °C), minimum temperature (Tmin, °C), rainfall (RF, mm), morning relative humidity (RH1, %), evening humidity (RH2, %), and sunshine hours (SSH), during seven years at Mandya (Karnataka) was individually explored with peaks of rice yellow stem borer (YSB) Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) light trap catches. The peaks of YSB trap catches exhibited significant correlation with Tmax of October 3rd week, Tmin of November 1st week, RF of October 2nd week, RH1 of November 4th and RH2 of November 1st week, and SSH of October 4th week. Weather-based prediction model for YSB was developed by regressing peaks of YSB light trap catches on mean values of different weather parameters of aforesaid weeks. Of the weather parameters, only Tmin, RF, and RH1 were found to be relevant through stepwise regression. The model was validated satisfactorily through 8-year independent data on weather parameters and YSB light trap catch peaks (R2 = 0.90, p < 0.0002)

Open Strings from Script N = 4 Super Yang-Mills

Exploiting insights on strings moving in pp-wave backgrounds, we show how open strings emerge from N = 4 SU(M) Yang-Mills theory as fluctuations around certain states carrying R-charge of order M. These states are dual to spherical D3-branes of AdS_5 x S^5 and we reproduce the spectrum of small fluctuations of these states from Yang Mills theory. When G such D3-branes coincide, the expected G^2 light degrees of freedom emerge. The open strings running between the branes can be quantized easily in a Penrose limit of the spacetime. Taking the corresponding large charge limit of the Yang-Mills theory, we reproduce the open string worldsheets and their spectra from field theory degrees of freedom