Determination of Total Antioxidant Content in Various Drinks by Amperometry

In the present work the total content of phenolic antioxidants in juice of some fruit and vegetables, in wines, water extracts of tea and herb were measured by amperometry. Efficiency of the method allowed determining the total antioxidant content in their binary and multimixes, including processes of frosting-defrosting and juice diluting as well. The deviation of experimentally received values of the total antioxidant content in some drink mixes from the values calculated proceeding from the additivity principle of the antioxidant content in separate drinks has been revealed

Dynamics of some indicators of blood serum in case of digestive disordersin calves in the early postnatal period

Digestive disorders in calves are an urgent problem in animal husbandry. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the properties of enterosorbent and its effect on blood parameters in calves with digestive disorders. The study revealed the dynamics of total protein, albumin, globulins, protein coefficient, glucose, transaminases, creatine kinase in the blood serum of calves with digestive disorders in the early postnatal period against the background of the use of methylsilicic acid hydrogel as an intestinal sorbent. The use of enterosorbent at a dose of 0.5 g/kg for 7 days had a positive effect on protein metabolism: the concentration of albumin increased by 10.40%, the content of globulins decreased by 11.20%. The activity of AST serum against the background of the use of enterosorbent was lower by 14.40% than in the control group, which indicates the detoxification properties of the drug used

The effect of stock density on the feeding intensity and growth rate of carp underyearlings

Приведены результаты выращивания сеголетков карпа при низких плотностях по­садки. Исследования показали, что выращенные сеголетки были достаточно обеспечены естественной пищей и кормами, это отразилось на их темпе роста и конечной среднештучной массе. Полученный рыбопосадочный материал был крупным, средней массой более 40 г.The article contains the results of growing carp underyearlings with a low stock density. The studies revealed that grown underyearlings were sufficiently provided with natural food and feed; this is reflected in their growth rate and the final average specimen weight. The obtained breeding material was large-sized, with the average weight exceeding 40 g

Microwave simulation experiments on regolith (Lunar dust) deposition on stainless steel

In this article, results are presented of experiments on depositing charged particles, which imitate the levitating dust on the Moon, on stainless steel. Ensembles of particles are created above the surface of laboratory regolith whose composition and particle size distribution imitate the dust that covers the Moon’s surface. Under the action of the gyrotron radiation on regolith, non-linear physical-chemical processes develop (breakdown, chain plasmachemical reactions, and particle scattering by the Coulomb mechanism), which lead to the appearance of a levitating cloud of particles. The simulation experiment is based on the similarity between the processes that develop in the laboratory experiments with regolith and the processes that occur on the Moon during its bombardment by micrometeorites. The effect of the levitating cloud on stainless steel plates is studied and it is shown that regolith particles in the shape of spheroids of different sizes are deposited on the surface of the plates. The dimensions of the deposited particles and the density of their placement depend on the quality of treatment of the plate surface. It is shown that the laboratory-produced dusty plasma can be used in simulation experiments to study the modification of surfaces of different materials for space technology. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Glaucoma "landscape" in Russia, CIS and Eastern European countries: what has changed over 15 years?

A.Yu. Brezhnev1, E.A. Egorov2, V.P. Erichev3, A.V. Kuroedov2,4, P.Ch. Zavadsky5, M. Bozic6, N.N. Voronova7, M.F. Dzhumova8, N.V. Ivanova7, T.A. Imshenetskaya9, T.G. Kamenskikh10, O.I. Lebedev11, L.N. Marchenko8, A.L. Onishchenko12, N.A. Sobyanin13, V.F. Ekgardt14 1Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russian Federation 2Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation 3Krasnov Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russian Federation 4P.V. Mandryka Military Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation 5LLC "Ophthalmological Center of Karelia", Petrozavodsk, Russian Federation 6University Eye Clinic, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 7V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russian Federation 8Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus 9Belarusian Medical Academy of Post-Diploma Education, Minsk, Belarus 10V.I. Razumovskiy Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russian Federation 11Omsk State Medical University, Omsk, Russian Federation 12Novokuznetsk State Institute for Advanced medical Education — Branch of Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Novokuznetsk, Russian Federation 13F.Kh. Gral City Clinical Hospital No. 2, Perm, Russian Federation 14South Ural State Medical University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation Aim: to assess the changes in clinical and epidemiological characteristics, diagnostic and treatment options of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in the Russian Federation and multiple near- and far-abroad countries over the period of 2005–2020. Patients and Methods: the final protocol of this retrospective multi-center research and clinical study included 289 patients with POAG from 7 states (Russia, Belarus, Serbia, Moldova, Kyrgyzstan, Slovakia, and Slovenia). The authors analyzed the methods used for establishing POAP diagnosis, clinical and demographic patient characteristics (gender, age and place of residence), as well as the process of glaucoma development (age of onset, disease duration and stages, intraocular pressure, ocular hypotensive medications, and the used laser and surgical procedures). All patients were divided into four groups depending on the time of making the initial diagnosis: 2004–2005, 2009–2010, 2014–2015, 2019–2020. Results: tonometry with Maklakov and Goldmann tonometers is still considered the gold standard for measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) (95% of cases). The percentage of pneumotonometry increased from 40% in 2005 to 60% in 2020. Approximately a third of clinics are still using electronic tonography as a supplementary method. Static automated perimetry is a basic tool for diagnosis and follow-up of patients with POAG (more than 95% of cases). Manual kinetic perimetry (Foerster's perimetry) is used in less than 10% of cases. Ophthalmoscopy (direct and binocular) was involved in the diagnostic process in all clinics and in all cases. The range of instrumental visualization technologies includes optical coherence tomography (OCT), Heidelberg Retina Tomography (HRT), and scanning laser polarimetry. Currently, OCT is utilized in 90% of clinics. It was found out that in 2005 the standard of initial POAG diagnosis encompassed a set of Maklakov/Goldmann tonometry, ophthalmoscopy and kinetic perimetry. In 2020, this list includes Maklakov/Goldmann tonometry, pneumotonometry as a supplemental tool, static automated perimetry, ophthalmoscopy and OCT. The percentage of newly diagnosed POAG at the early stage has increased twofold over the past 15 years (from 20% in 2005 to 38% in 2020). The mean age of patients at the time of initial POAG diagnosis in 2005 was 62 (52; 67) years, in 2020 — 65 (50; 70) years, respectively (р=0.694). The proportion of prostaglandins in medication therapy increased by 20% over the past 15 years, while the proportion of beta-blockers reduced by the same percentage. The use of cholinomimetic drugs was almost discontinued. The total number of glaucoma laser surgeries has grown, and in the last decade the top priority has been given to selective laser trabeculoplasty, while the share of argon laser trabeculoplasty has decreased by 10%. The rate of primary glaucoma surgeries (trabeculectomy) keeps going down. Conclusion: a gradual and consistent implementation of high-tech diagnostic methods (static automated perimetry and OCT) in the routine practice occurred over 2005–2020. Also, there was a clear trend in more extensive use of objective data. The evolution of pharmaceutical "landscape" in the disease management is associated with an increasing proportion of more effective and safe drugs (prostaglandin analogues) and a diminishing role of beta-blockers as drugs of choice for starting therapy. The share of glaucoma surgeries as a starting strategy of POAG management was running down steadily from 2005 to 2010. Keywords: glaucoma, intraocular pressure, tonometry, perimetry, optical coherence tomography, trabeculectomy. For citation: Brezhnev A.Yu., Egorov E.A., Erichev V.P. et al. Glaucoma "landscape" in Russia, CIS and Eastern European countries: what has changed over 15 years? Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2023;23(2):73–79 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2023-23-2-73-79.&nbsp; </p