210 research outputs found
Introduction to Arithmetic Mirror Symmetry
We describe how to find period integrals and Picard-Fuchs differential
equations for certain one-parameter families of Calabi-Yau manifolds. These
families can be seen as varieties over a finite field, in which case we show in
an explicit example that the number of points of a generic element can be given
in terms of p-adic period integrals. We also discuss several approaches to
finding zeta functions of mirror manifolds and their factorizations. These
notes are based on lectures given at the Fields Institute during the thematic
program on Calabi-Yau Varieties: Arithmetic, Geometry, and Physics
Graded cluster expansion for lattice systems
In this paper we develop a general theory which provides a unified treatment
of two apparently different problems. The weak Gibbs property of measures
arising from the application of Renormalization Group maps and the mixing
properties of disordered lattice systems in the Griffiths' phase. We suppose
that the system satisfies a mixing condition in a subset of the lattice whose
complement is sparse enough namely, large regions are widely separated. We then
show how it is possible to construct a convergent multi-scale cluster
expansion
Born reciprocity and the 1/r potential
Many structures in nature are invariant under the transformation
(p,r)->(br,-p/b), where b is some scale factor. Born's reciprocity hypothesis
affirms that this invariance extends to the entire Hamiltonian and equations of
motion. We investigate this idea for atomic physics and galactic motion, where
one is basically dealing with a 1/r potential and the observations are very
accurate, so as to determine the scale . We find that an Hz has essentially no effect on atomic physics but
might possibly offer an explanation for galactic rotation, without invoking
dark matter.Comment: 14 pages, with 4 figures, Latex, requires epsf.tex and iop style
file
Distribution and density of the partition function zeros for the diamond-decorated Ising model
Exact renormalization map of temperature between two successive decorated
lattices is given, and the distribution of the partition function zeros in the
complex temperature plane is obtained for any decoration-level. The rule
governing the variation of the distribution pattern as the decoration-level
changes is given. The densities of the zeros for the first two
decoration-levels are calculated explicitly, and the qualitative features about
the densities of higher decoration-levels are given by conjecture. The Julia
set associated with the renormalization map is contained in the distribution of
the zeros in the limit of infinite decoration level, and the formation of the
Julia set in the course of increasing the decoration-level is given in terms of
the variations of the zero density.Comment: 8 pages,8figure
Unveiling Soft Gamma-Ray Repeaters with INTEGRAL
Thanks to INTEGRAL's long exposures of the Galactic Plane, the two brightest
Soft Gamma-Ray Repeaters, SGR 1806-20 and SGR 1900+14, have been monitored and
studied in detail for the first time at hard-X/soft gamma rays.
This has produced a wealth of new scientific results, which we will review
here. Since SGR 1806-20 was particularly active during the last two years, more
than 300 short bursts have been observed with INTEGRAL. and their
characteristics have been studied with unprecedented sensitivity in the 15-200
keV range. A hardness-intensity anticorrelation within the bursts has been
discovered and the overall Number-Intensity distribution of the bursts has been
determined. In addition, a particularly active state, during which ~100 bursts
were emitted in ~10 minutes, has been observed on October 5 2004, indicating
that the source activity was rapidly increasing. This eventually led to the
Giant Flare of December 27th 2004, for which a possible soft gamma-ray (>80
keV) early afterglow has been detected.
The deep observations allowed us to discover the persistent emission in hard
X-rays (20-150 keV) from 1806-20 and 1900+14, the latter being in a quiescent
state, and to directly compare the spectral characteristics of all Magnetars
(two SGRs and three Anomalous X-ray Pulsars) detected with INTEGRAL.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, Presented at the conference "Isolated Neutron
Stars: from the Surface to the Interior", London, UK, 24-28 April 200
Exotic clouds in the local interstellar medium
The neutral interstellar medium (ISM) inside the Local Bubble (LB) has been
known to have properties typical of the warm neutral medium (WNM). However,
several recent neutral hydrogen (HI) absorption experiments show evidence for
the existence of at least several cold diffuse clouds inside or at the boundary
of the LB, with properties highly unusual relative to the traditional cold
neutral medium. These cold clouds have a low HI column density, and AU-scale
sizes. As the kinematics of cold and warm gas inside the LB are similar, this
suggests a possibility of all these different flavors of the local ISM
belonging to the same interstellar flow. The co-existence of warm and cold
phases inside the LB is exciting as it can be used to probe the thermal
pressure inside the LB. In addition to cold clouds, several discrete screens of
ionized scattering material are clearly located inside the LB.
The cold exotic clouds inside the LB are most likely long-lived, and we
expect many more clouds with similar properties to be discovered in the future
with more sensitive radio observations. While physical mechanisms responsible
for the production of such clouds are still poorly understood, dynamical
triggering of phase conversion and/or interstellar turbulence are likely to
play an important role.Comment: 10 pages, refereed, accepted for publication in the proceedings of
the "From the Outer Heliosphere to the Local Bubble: Comparisons of New
Observations with Theory" conference, Space Science Review
One-dimensional spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet in a weak external magnetic field
The one dimensional spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet in a weak magnetic
field h is studied using the bosonization method. We derive a set of
renormalization group equations. The fixed point is reached when the field is
scaled to the value at which the system is quarter-filled. As the magnetic
field varies, a continuum line of fixed points is formed. We compute the
uniform longitudinal susceptibility . The singular behavior of
as is found to be contained in with a
non-universal constant. The spin-spin correlations in the magnetic field are
calculated.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, published on PR
Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in âs = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector
A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fbâ1 of protonâproton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results
Jet size dependence of single jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s(NN)) = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
Measurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC
provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of
lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s) = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated
luminosity of approximately 7 inverse microbarns, ATLAS has measured jets with
a calorimeter over the pseudorapidity interval |eta| < 2.1 and over the
transverse momentum range 38 < pT < 210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the
anti-kt algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the
nominal jet radius of R = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of
the jet yield is characterized by the jet "central-to-peripheral ratio," Rcp.
Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in
the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. Rcp varies
smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating
nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and
transverse momentum. These results provide the first direct measurement of
inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous
measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC.Comment: 15 pages plus author list (30 pages total), 8 figures, 2 tables,
submitted to Physics Letters B. All figures including auxiliary figures are
available at
http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2011-02
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