Effect of Direct Laser Deposition on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel

Direct laser deposition (DLD) is a modern prototyping manufacturing technology, which can directly build full-density and high-performance complex metal parts This paper presents an investigation of the influence different scanning strategy on microstructure and mechanical properties of DLD 316L stainless steel sample. The results showed that formation of fine equiaxed austenitic structure with average grain size of the dendritic cells in 1.2-1.7 μm. Inter-track idle time has directly influence on cooling rate, grain size and mechanical properties. It was shown that the decreasing of inter-track idle time from 4.37 to 0.75 s decreases the ultimate tensile strength from 729 to 686 MPa. For obtaining high mechanical properties of samples or recovering surfaces it is necessary to choose scanning strategy along the largest dimension of the detail.     Keywords: X-ray analysis; Electron microscopy; Stress/Strain measurements; Iron alloys; Laser/Powder methods

Оценка объектов недвижимости в АПК

The article covers specifics of property valuation in agribusiness, shows peculiarities of property market formation in Russian agribusiness, substantiated needs of creation of information base to count property on the federal level, also example of the information system scheme is given.В статье показана специфика оценки объектов недвижимости в сельском хозяйстве, раскрываются особенности формирования рынка недвижимости в АПК России, обосновывается потребность создания информационной базы для учета объектов недвижимости на федеральном уровне и дается ее примерная схема

Параметры государственной программы развития сельского хозяйства и регулирования рынков сельскохозяйственной продукции сырья и продовольствия на 2008-2012 годы

Scale social and economic transformations to the country have led to essential changes in agrarian sector of economy. For years of reforms mid-annual number of the workers borrowed in an agricultural production, was reduced to 70%, has left 35% agricultural grounds , profitability of an agricultural pro-duction with 37 in 1990 was reduced up to 9,7% in 2006.Масштабные социально-экономические преобразования в стране привели к существенным изменениям в аграрном секторе экономики. За годы реформ среднегодовая численность работников, занятых в сельскохозяйственном производстве, сократилась на 70%, выбыло 35% сельскохозяйственных угодий, рентабельность сельскохозяйственного производства с 37% в 1990 году сократилась до 9,7% в 2006 году

Проблемы оценки собственности современных сельскохозяйственных предприятий в России

The structure of the agricultural enterprise as property complex joins all kinds of the property intended for its activity, including the ground areas, buildings, constructions, the equipment, raw material, the rights, requirements, debts, and also the rights to the designations individualizing the enterprise (trade marks) and other exclusive rights. According to the first part of Civil code of the Russian Federation the enterprise is considered not as the subject but directly as object of the civil rights. The urgency of a problem is strengthening by the fact that there is no researches under property in agriculture valuations taking into account features of branch. Creation of model of the property of the agricultural enterprise valuation, meeting the requirements of market economy and to features of branch is expedient.В состав сельскохозяйственного предприятия как имущественного комплекса входят все виды имущества, предназначенные для его деятельности, включая земельные участки, здания, сооружения, оборудование, сырье, права, требования, долги, а также права на обозначения, индивидуализирующие предприятие (товарные знаки), и другие исключительные права. В соответствии с частью первой ГК РФ предприятие рассматривается не как субъект, а непосредственно как объект гражданских прав. Актуальность проблемы усиливается тем, что исследований по оценке собственности в сельском хозяйстве с учетом особенностей отрасли пока нет. Целесообразным является создание модели оценки собственности сельскохозяйственного предприятия, отвечающей требованиям рыночной экономики и особенностям отрасли

Creation of an Electronic Textbook for University Students

The need for e-learning in modern Russia is caused by the rapid development of informatization, digitalization, information and communication technologies, the creation of a global environment for mutual integration of cultures and disciplines, as well as the formation of open continuous education, which is the basis of a post-industrial (information) society. These processes stimulate an active search for creative educational practices that meet the requirements of the information society. A modern specialist must have a certain amount of knowledge that will allow him to learn constantly, improve his skills and abilities, self-develop and self-actualize in order to keep up with the time of changes in the information society. In the framework of the modern educational paradigm, the student is considered as a subject of knowledge, not an object of pedagogical influence. In the early – mid-2010s, this is actively promoted by electronic learning (e-learning, EL), which should be used in various educational organizations. E-learning allows integrating into the world scientific community, becoming subjects of interaction between cultures, including the exchange of spiritual values. Implementation of EL is one of the key tasks in the context of modernization of national education. The term “electronic learning” is translated into Russian in various ways. The most popular options are: “distance learning/education”, “mobile learning”, and “virtual learning”. The European Commission interprets “e-learning” as “using new multimedia and Internet technologies to improve the quality of learning by improving access to resources and services, as well as remote knowledge sharing and collaboration”. In this study, the concept of “e-learning” will correspond to the phrase “electronic learning”. This is an educational process based on interactive electronic means of storing and providing information: the Internet, corporate networks, and CDs

Creation of an Electronic Textbook for University Students

The need for e-learning in modern Russia is caused by the rapid development of informatization, digitalization, information and communication technologies, the creation of a global environment for mutual integration of cultures and disciplines, as well as the formation of open continuous education, which is the basis of a post-industrial (information) society. These processes stimulate an active search for creative educational practices that meet the requirements of the information society. A modern specialist must have a certain amount of knowledge that will allow him to learn constantly, improve his skills and abilities, self-develop and self-actualize in order to keep up with the time of changes in the information society. In the framework of the modern educational paradigm, the student is considered as a subject of knowledge, not an object of pedagogical influence. In the early – mid-2010s, this is actively promoted by electronic learning (e-learning, EL), which should be used in various educational organizations. E-learning allows integrating into the world scientific community, becoming subjects of interaction between cultures, including the exchange of spiritual values. Implementation of EL is one of the key tasks in the context of modernization of national education. The term “electronic learning” is translated into Russian in various ways. The most popular options are: “distance learning/education”, “mobile learning”, and “virtual learning”. The European Commission interprets “e-learning” as “using new multimedia and Internet technologies to improve the quality of learning by improving access to resources and services, as well as remote knowledge sharing and collaboration”. In this study, the concept of “e-learning” will correspond to the phrase “electronic learning”. This is an educational process based on interactive electronic means of storing and providing information: the Internet, corporate networks, and CDs

Creation of an Electronic Textbook for University Students

The need for e-learning in modern Russia is caused by the rapid development of informatization, digitalization, information and communication technologies, the creation of a global environment for mutual integration of cultures and disciplines, as well as the formation of open continuous education, which is the basis of a post-industrial (information) society. These processes stimulate an active search for creative educational practices that meet the requirements of the information society. A modern specialist must have a certain amount of knowledge that will allow him to learn constantly, improve his skills and abilities, self-develop and self-actualize in order to keep up with the time of changes in the information society. In the framework of the modern educational paradigm, the student is considered as a subject of knowledge, not an object of pedagogical influence. In the early – mid-2010s, this is actively promoted by electronic learning (e-learning, EL), which should be used in various educational organizations. E-learning allows integrating into the world scientific community, becoming subjects of interaction between cultures, including the exchange of spiritual values. Implementation of EL is one of the key tasks in the context of modernization of national education. The term “electronic learning” is translated into Russian in various ways. The most popular options are: “distance learning/education”, “mobile learning”, and “virtual learning”. The European Commission interprets “e-learning” as “using new multimedia and Internet technologies to improve the quality of learning by improving access to resources and services, as well as remote knowledge sharing and collaboration”. In this study, the concept of “e-learning” will correspond to the phrase “electronic learning”. This is an educational process based on interactive electronic means of storing and providing information: the Internet, corporate networks, and CDs

A criterion for DT gas thermonuclear ignition by a focusing spherical shock wave

Conditions for thermonuclear ignition of deuterium-tritium (DT) gas by a focusing ideally symmetric shock wave are estimated. The wave is focused to the center and then reflects. In so doing a higher-pressure zone is produced following the front of the shock wave reflected from the center; if the wave is intensive enough, the DT gas thermonuclear ignition can occur in the zone. The ignition criterion can be written as ρ₀r₀u₀²² ≥1, where ρ₀ is initial DT gas density, [ρ₀] = g/cm³, u₀ is mass velocity following the converging shock wave front of radius r₀, [r₀] = cm, [u₀] = 10⁷ cm/sec.Зроблено оцінку умов термоядерного запалювання дейтерій-тритієвого (ДТ) газу сфокусованою ідеально симетричною ударною хвилею. Хвиля фокусується в центрі і потім відбивається назад. Таким способом створюється зона високого тиску, що супроводить фронт відбитої від центра ударної хвилі. Якщо хвиля достатньо інтенсивна, в цій зоні може відбутися термоядерне запалювання ДТ-газу. Критерій такого запалювання може бути записано як ρ₀r₀u₀²² ≥1, де ρ₀ - густина початкового ДТ-газу, г/cм³; u₀ - швидкість маси, яка іде за фронтом ударної хвилі, що сходиться, в радіусі r₀, [r₀] = cм, [u₀] = 10⁷ см/с.Оценены условия термоядерного поджигания дейтерий-тритиевого (ДТ) газа сфокусированной идеально симметричной ударной волной. Волна фокусируется в центре и затем отражается. Таким способом образуется зона высокого давления, следующая за фронтом ударной волны, отраженной от центра. Если волна достаточно интенсивна, в этой зоне может произойти термоядерное поджигание ДТ-газа. Критерий такого поджигания может быть записан как ρ₀r₀u₀²² ≥1, где ρ₀ - плотность начального ДТ-газа, г/cм³; u₀ - скорость массы, следующей за фронтом ударной сходящейся волны в радиусе r₀, [r₀] = cm, [u₀] = 10⁷см/

Регулирование земельных отношений в сельском хозяйстве в России и за рубежом

Total area of world ground fund - 1343,2 mln ga. The agricultural grounds are located non-uniformly. To the Europe and Asia, including Russia, it is necessary more than half of process able grounds of the world. The largest files of an arable land are concentrated in the USA, India, Russia, China, Canada and Brazil, in aggregate making about half of all process able grounds of the world.Общая площадь мирового земельного фонда - 1343,2 млн га. Сельскохозяйственные земли расположены неравномерно. На Европу и Азию, включая Россию, приходится более половины обрабатываемых земель мира. Наиболее крупные массивы пашни сосредоточены в США, Индии, России, Китае, Канаде и Бразилии, в совокупности составляя около половины всех обрабатываемых земель мира