Modeling the innovation process as a necessary condition for the formation of an effective mechanism of innovative development

Запропоновано процедуру моделювання інноваційного процесу як необхідної умови формування ефективного механізму управління інноваційним розвитком, проведено аналіз стратегічних ініціатив і моделей розвитку України в умовах структурно-інноваційних перетворень.Предложена процедура моделирования инновационного процесса как необходимого условия формирования эффективного механизма управления инновационным развитием, проведен анализ стратегических инициатив и моделей развития Украины в условиях структурно-инновационных преобразований.A procedure for modeling the innovation process as a prerequisite for the formation of an effective mechanism of innovative development, a analysis of strategic initiatives and models of Ukraine in the context of innovation and structural change is conducted

Degradable Polyhydroxyalkanoates as Herbicide Carriers

The biodegradable polymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) has been used to design experimental sustained-release formulations of the herbicide Zellek Super in the form of films and microgranules. The kinetics of polymer degradation and the dynamics of herbicide release show that the rate and extent of herbicide release from the polymer matrix into the soil depends on the geometry of the carrier and the proportion of the pesticide loaded into it (polymer/pesticide mass ratio). Experiments with the creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) show that the formulations of the herbicide Zellek Super constructed as microgranules and films can be successfully used to suppress the growth of grasses. This study is the first to demonstrate that biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates can be used effectively to construct environmentally friendly sustained-release PHA-herbicide systems that can be placed into the soil together with seeds.Russia (Federation) (Agreement 11.G34.31.0013

Pulkovo coordinates from astrooptical observations

The longitude and latitude observations made with two zenith-telescopes and three photoelectric transit instruments of the Pulkovo Observatory during the 20th century were used for coordinates determination. The observations were rereduced in HIPPARCOS reference frame. All known astrometrical reductions and the new model of precession and nutation IAU2000A were used. The longitude (1960–2004) and the latitude (1904–2004) coordinate corrections and their trends were found. The geophysical reasons of detected long-periodical coordinate variations are discussed

The color of soils as a basis for proximal sensing of their composition

The color is one of the main morphological properties of soils, as it integrally reflects their material composition. Most of the macro-, micro- and nano-morphological methods in pedology are based on the analysis of soil reflectance characteristics within the visible spectrum (i.e., soils color). The evolution of soil color study methods and the features of modern instruments are described in the report. The main directions in the development of this field of soil science as well as the achievements and problems to be addressed in the study of soil color are demonstrated by specific examples

THE DYNAMICS OF THE THYROID HORMONE WHILE MODELING OF STANDARD FRACTURE IN RABBITS

The participation of Se in the structure of deiodinases during the metabolism of thyroid hormones defined the interest to the research of its possible impact to the processes of reparative regeneration of bone tissue in the experiment. The aim of the paper is to reveal the dynamics of thyroid hormone secretion at further adding of selenium under the conditions of standard fracture healing in rabbits. The most general response of the thyroid gland at the reparative regeneration of bone tissue was revealed, it is the reduction of Т, T4 and free T4 concentration during the nearest postoperative period. It is shown, that the use of the preparation of Se changes the reaction of thyroid to the dosed damage of the bone and metabolism of iodothyronines as well. The change of T3 concentration was the most evident. Rabbits having extra preparation of Se were less susceptible to fluctuations in the secretion of iodothyronines typical for the dosed damage of the bone but the syndrome of «low Т3» redoubled and peripheral conversion of thyroid hormone reduced

Clinical observations of minimal gastrostomy through minilaparotomy in palliative patients

Gastrostomy is used to feed palliative patients with dysphagia. Currently, the preference is given to percutaneous puncture methods of gastrostomy, which do not require general anesthesia. Percutaneous puncture techniques are possible only if the patency of the upper parts of the digestive tract still exists for the «pull method» and can require additional X-ray irradiation in case of the «push method». These operations require expensive disposable kits, which affects the prevalence and availability of the technique. Therefore, the use of an alternative minimally invasive gastrostomy through minilaparotomy is justified. Minimal-invasive pressure gastrostomy is known for a long time, and in combination with small access, it can be successfully used to provide nutrition for palliative patients with dysphagia. Most patients with dysphagia have a thin anterior abdominal wall, which allows using minimal access. It is important to choose the right place of the incision so that access is in the area of the formation of the fistula. To obtain additional diagnostic information one can use a radiography of the abdominal cavity, which shows the gas bubble of the stomach, and other high-tech methods: ultrasound, spiral computed tomography, etc. At the same time such patients do not require general anesthesia, it is possible to perform the operation under a local anesthesia. The article provides a detailed description of the technique of minimal invasive laparotomy gastrostomy and two clinical observations of palliative patients who underwent this operation

Клиническое наблюдение пациента с внебольничной пневмонией, вызванной Legionellа pneumophila

A clinical case of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) caused by Legionellа pneumophila is described in the article. A 37-year-old male, a worker of a nuclear power station, was admitted with dry cough, dyspnea on light exertion, and fever. The disease onset was acute; the patient had been unsuccessfully treated with b-lactam antibiotics for 5 days before the admission. Two weeks before the disease onset, he had been to a neighbor region by business and stayed in a hotel. Non-severe bilateral CAP caused by Legionella was diagnosed using standard methods including Legionella rapid urine antigen test. Pneumonia was complicated by pleural exudate and moderate respiratory failure (class III according to PORT scale). Clinical particularities included diarrhea in the first day of the disease, elevated hepatic enzyme levels in blood, elevated blood urea, and hepatomegaly. Adequate specific therapy with levofloxacin and supplemental oxygen resulted in slow resolving of physical signs of pneumonia and pleuritis during 14 days with complete resolution of clinical symptoms and laboratory abnormalities and long-term maintenance of pulmonary infiltration.Представлено описание клинического случая внебольничной пневмонии (ВП), вызванной Legionellа pneumophila. Мужчина 37 лет, работник атомной электростанции, госпитализирован с жалобами на сухой кашель, одышку при незначительной физической нагрузке, лихорадку. Заболел остро, амбулаторно в течение 5 дней получал β-лактамные антибиотики – без эффекта; 2 нед. назад находился в соседнем регионе в командировке, где проживал в гостинице. При лабораторном и инструментальном обследовании, включавшем стандартные методы и экспресс-тест на наличие легионеллезной антигенурии, диагностирована двусторонняя легионеллезная ВП нетяжелого течения, осложнившаяся развитием экссудативного плеврита и дыхательной недостаточности II степени (III класс риска по шкале PORT). Особенности клинической картины: наличие у пациента в первые сутки заболевания диареи, повышение уровня аспартатаминотрансферазы, γ-глутамилтрансферазы, мочевины при лабораторном, гепатомегалия – при инструментальном исследовании. На фоне адекватной этиотропной терапии (левофлоксацин) и оксигенотерапии отмечалось медленное разрешение аускультативных и перкуторных изменений, обусловленных пневмонией и плевритом (14 дней) при практически полном регрессе клинических симптомов и лабораторных признаков, длительное сохранение пневмонической инфильтрации

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ УРОВНЯ ЖИРНЫХ КИСЛОТ МЕМБРАН ЭРИТРОЦИТОВ И СЫВОРОТКИ КРОВИ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С КОЛОРЕКТАЛЬНЫМ РАКОМ Г. НОВОСИБИРСКА

The objective is to measure the level of fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes and serum of patients with colorectal cancer.Materials and methods. The study group included 100 patients with diagnosed colorectal cancer (57 men and 43 women). The control group included 24 reasonably healthy people (14 men and 10 women) matched for age and sex, without malignant cancers or manifested pathology of the internal organs.Results. Decreased levels of saturated, monounsaturated fatty acids and increased levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in erythrocyte membranes and serum (p <0.0001–0.05) were observed. The levels of omega-3 PUFAs in colorectal cancer exceeded the levels in healthy individuals both in erythrocyte membranes and in serum; for omega-6 PUFAs only a trend was observed. At the same time, the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 PUFAs in colorectal cancer was lower than in control (p <0.0001–0.002). The state of erythrocyte membranes more significantly and for more parameters characterized differences between the groups than serum. The most discriminating parameters between patients with colorectal cancer and healthy individuals both in erythrocyte membranes and serum were the levels of C20:2;11,14 (eicosadienoic), C20:3;8,11,14 (dihomo-γ-linolenic), C20:4;5,8,11,14 (eicosatetraenoic, arachidonic), C22:5;7,10,13,16,19 (docosapentaenoic), and C22:6;4,7,10,13,16,19 (docosahexaenoic) PUFAs.Цель исследования – изучить уровень жирных кислот мембран эритроцитов и сыворотки крови у пациентов с колоректальным раком.Материалы и методы. В основную группу вошли 100 пациентов с диагностированным колоректальным раком (57 мужчин и 43 женщины). Контрольная группа включала 24 практически здоровых человека (14 мужчин и 10 женщин), не имеющих злокачественных новообразований, без манифестирующей патологии внутренних органов. Группы были сопоставимы по возрасту и полу.Результаты. Выявлены сниженные уровни насыщенных, мононенасыщенных жирных кислот и повышенные – полиненасыщенных жирных кислот (ПНЖК) в мембранах эритроцитов и сыворотке крови (p <0,0001–0,05). Уровни омега-3 ПНЖК при колоректальном раке превышали таковые у здоровых лиц как в мембранах эритроцитов, так и в сыворотке крови, для омега-6 ПНЖК выявлена лишь тенденция к повышению. При этом соотношение омега-6/омега-3 ПНЖК при колоректальном раке ниже, чем в контроле (p <0,0001–0,002). Состояние мембран эритроцитов более достоверно и по большему числу показателей, чем сыворотка крови, отражает имеющиеся различия между группами. Наиболее дискриминирующими показателями между пациентами с колоректальным раком и здоровыми лицами как в мембранах эритроцитов, так и в сыворотке крови, оказались уровни C20:2;11,14 (докодиеновой), C20:3;8,11,14 (дигомо-γ-линоленовой), C20:4;5,8,11,14 (эйкозатетраеновой, арахидоновой), C22:5; 7,10,13,16,19 (докозапентаеновой) и C22:6;4,7,10,13,16,19 (докозагексаеновой) ПНЖК