Improving the Methods of Diagnosis and Treatment of Enamel Caries in Schoolchildren and Adolescents

Primary prevention of caries, based on the elimination and reduction of the main risk factors of this disease, most of which are manageable and are unhealthy lifestyle habits, is of great importance in the success of a significant reduction of caries in developed countries [1.3.5.7]. The prevalence and intensity of caries is the timely diagnosis of early forms of dental caries (which in the literature are designated by various terms, such as enamel caries, focal demineralization, early stage of caries, initial stage of caries, foci of demineralization, chalky spots) and their competent treatment [2.4.6.9.11]

The Effectiveness of Wedge-Shaped Dental Defects with the Combined Use of Hydroxyapatite and Fluoride-Containing Drugs and Measures for Their Prevention In Undergrowth

Currently, there is a significant increase in the prevalence of non-carious lesions of the teeth, leading to a significant loss of enamel and dentin, hypersensitivity and aesthetic defect. The most common type of non-carious pathology is CDZ, which makes up 37.5%[2.4]. The structure of non-carious lesions of the teeth is getting younger every year. So today, CDZ occur at the age of 20 years, and sometimes in adolescents. Previously, it was believed that this is pathology of people over forty years old [1.3]

Analysis of adverse events and clinical risks of intensive care for critically ill patients

The article is devoted to analysis of adverse events and clinical risks for patients in the department of intensive care and intensive care. It has been shown that the presence of two or more adverse events can be an independent risk factor for mortality (OR = 3,09; 95% DI 1,30 – 7,36; р = 0,039). Risk criticality assessment showed the significance of prolongation of diagnostic measures in patients with sepsis (r = 0,798; р< 0,001) and overload by infusion media (r = 0,672; р = 0,03). A promising method of monitoring and managing clinical risks may be clinical supervision aimed at analyzing incidents.Статья посвящена анализу неблагоприятных событий и клинических рисков для пациентов в отделении реанимации и интенсивной терапии. Показано, что наличие двух или более неблагоприятных событий может являться независимым фактором риска смертности (OR = 3,09; 95% ДИ 1,30 – 7,36; р = 0,039). Оценка критичности рисков показала значимость пролонгирования диагностических мероприятий у пациентов с сепсисом (r = 0,798; р < 0,001) и перегрузки инфузионными средами (r = 0,672; р = 0,03). Перспективным методом контроля и управления клиническими рисками может являться клинический надзор, направленный на анализ инцидентов

ПУТИ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ ПОСТТРАНСФУЗИОННЫХ ГЕМОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ ОСЛОЖНЕНИЙ

Post-transfusion hemolytic complications (РНС) remain аn urgent рrоblem in medical practice despite the improvement of selecting methods of compatible blood transfusion for patients. The numbеr of РНС remains still high (1 in 6 000 - 29 000 transfusions). Aim: to analyze cases of РНС registered in health care facilities (HCF) in the Republic of Tajikistan. Method of investigation. Retrospective analysis of materials of national аnd regional committees оп investigation of РНС cases, histories fro hospital archives. During the period 1989-2014 in health facilities were registered 86 cases of РНС approximately 850 000 doses of red bооd cell transfusions containing blооd components, or 1 in 9418 doses of red blood cell-containing blood components. РНС reasons were: incompatibility of АВО blооd group system - 32 (37,3 %), antigen D of blооd group Rhesus factor system - 34 (39,53 %), according to minor blood group antigens of Rhesus factor and Kell blood group system (С, с, Е, е, К) - 16 (18,6 %). In 4 cases (4,6 %) the cases of РНС were hemolytic transfusions of erythrocyte-containing bags as а result of improper storage in domestic refrigeration without control of temperature storage. Causes of development 78 out of 86 РНС (90,69 %) were HCF doctors' mistakes, 8 (9,31 %) - mistakes of health personnel of health facilities departments of blood transfusion аnd regional blооd centers. Reducing the frequency of PHC is impossible without training physicians оn transfusion medicine, introduction of modern methods of phenotyping erythrocyte antigens of recipients and donors оn major transfusion significant blood group antigens the АВО system by direct and cross-over methods, Rhesus (С, с, Е, е), Kell (К) of patients requiring multiple transfusions, as well as to girls and women of childbearing age.Посттрансфузионные гемолитические осложнения (ПГО) остаются актуальной проблемой в медицинской практике. Несмотря на усовершенствование методов подбора совместимой трансфузионной среды для переливания пациентам, число ПГО остается еще высоким (1 случай на 6000 - 29 000 трансфузий). Цель исследования: анализ случаев ПГО, зарегистрированных в лечебно-профилактических учреждениях (ЛПУ) Республики Таджикистан. Проведен ретроспективный анализ материалов республиканской и региональной комиссий по расследованию случаев ПГО, историй болезни из архивов ЛПУ. За период 1989 - 2014 гг. в ЛПУ было зарегистрировано 86 случая ПГО примерно на трансфузию 850 000 доз эритроцитсодержащих компонентов крови, или 1 случай на 9418 доз трансфузионной среды. Причинами ПГО были несовместимость по группе крови системы АВ0 - 32 (37,3 %); по антигену D группы крови системы резус - 34 (39,53 %); по минорным антигенам группы крови системы резус и группы крови системы Келл (С, с, Е, е, К) - 16 (18,6 %). В 4 случаях (4,6 %) причинами ПГО были трансфузии гемолизированных эритроцитсодержащих сред в результате их неправильного хранения в холодильных установках без должного контроля температурного режима хранения. Причинами развития 78 из 86 ПГО (90,69 %) были ошибки врачей ЛПУ, 8 (9,31 %) - медицинского персонала отделений переливания крови ЛПУ и региональных центров крови. Снижение частоты ПГО невозможно без повышения квалификации врачей по трансфузионной медицине, внедрения современных методов фенотипирования антигенов эритроцитов реципиентов и доноров по основным трансфузионно значимым антигенам группы крови системы АВ0 прямым и перекрестным методами, системы резус (С, с, Е, е), Келл (К). Особенно это актуально у пациентов, нуждающихся в многократных трансфузиях, а также у девочек и женщин фертильного возраста

MODERN VIEW ON THE PATHOGENETIC MECHANISMS OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN CHILDREN

This review article is devoted to modern aspects of studying the pathogenesis of one of the most significant allergic diseases, bronchial asthma (BA). Despite the successes achieved in evidence-based medicine and clinical pharmacology, the treatment of AD remains a difficult task today, due to the continuing trend towards an increase in severe cases, insufficient control of the disease in most patients, the use of systemic glucocorticosteroids in some patients, and poor quality of life. To solve the problem of AD, it is necessary to delve deeper into the main pathogenetic links of the allergic process. In this article, the authors have studied the modern principles of the pathogenesis of AD, systematized and analyzed foreign studies

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF DENTAL PATHOLOGIES IN PREGNANT WOMEN

Pregnancy should be considered as a risk factor for the main dental pathology - caries and periodontal disease. The most common dental disease that develops during pregnancy is gingivitis. Estrogens, progesterone and prostaglandin, the production of which increases during pregnancy, disrupt the blood supply to the gums, affect the cellular link of immunity, interfere with the synthesis of collagen and contribute to a change in the properties of the subgingivalmicroflora

Treatment of Wedge-Shaped Dental Defects with the Combined Use of Hydroxyapatite and Fluoride-Containing Drugs and Measures for Their Prevention in Undergrowth

The relevance of the topic. The structure of wedge-shaped dental defects is getting younger every year. Today, a wedge-shaped tooth defect occurs at the age of 20 years, and sometimes in adolescents. Previously, it was believed that this is a pathology of people over forty years old [2.4.6.8]

A Look at Thrombolytic Therapy in Prehospital Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) With ST Elevation in Menopausal Women (Literature Review)

Cardiovascular diseases and acute coronary syndrome (ACS), in particular, are an urgent public health problem in most countries of the world, including Uzbekistan, despite significant progress in recent decades in the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. WHO experts predict a further increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, both in developed and developing countries, due to the aging of the population and lifestyle habits

Diagnostics and Treatment of Enamel Caries in Schoolchildren and Adolescents

The relevance of the study. Caries of temporary and permanent teeth is a massive dental problem for the children's population. At the same time, no other disease is known in medicine that would be so well subjected to prevention and control as caries. Of great importance in the success of a significant reduction of caries in developed countries is the primary prevention of caries, based on the elimination and/or weakening of the main risk factors for this disease, most of which are manageable and are unhealthy lifestyle habits [2.5.7]. The second aspect in reducing the prevalence and intensity of caries is the timely diagnosis of early forms of dental caries (which in the literature are designated by various terms, such as enamel caries, focal demineralization, early stage of caries, initial stage of caries, foci of demineralization, chalky spots) and their competent treatment[1.4.6.8]

A Look at Thrombolytic Therapy in Prehospital Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) With ST Elevation in Menopausal Women (Literature Review)

Cardiovascular diseases and acute coronary syndrome (ACS), in particular, are an urgent public health problem in most countries of the world, including Uzbekistan, despite significant progress in recent decades in the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. WHO experts predict a further increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, both in developed and developing countries, due to the aging of the population and lifestyle habits