Ждут ли университеты выпускников средних профессиональных образовательных учреждений?

Introduction. Within the framework of the methodology of modern vocational education, the article examines the transformation of communication campaigns of universities to attract applicants after colleges and technical schools. Purpose setting. The main problem of communication campaigns of higher educational institutions is insufficient attention to narrower segments of applicants, especially college and technical school graduates. Methodology and methods of the study. It is reasoned that college graduates have different needs and values, hence the focus of attention of the communication campaign should also be different. Results. After the analysis, some shortcomings in communication campaigns aimed at college graduates become apparent: for example, the lack of a full-fledged communication campaign as such, the lack of information necessary for full enrollment on some college websites, the lack of «college representatives» who visit colleges in person and talk about their college. Conclusion. Measures were proposed to improve the communication campaign of higher educational institutions to attract applicants entering on the basis of secondary vocational education.Введение. В рамках методики современного профессионального образования в статье рассматривается трансформация коммуникационных кампаний вузов по привлечению абитуриентов после колледжей и техникумов. Постановка задачи. Основной проблемой коммуникационных кампаний вузов является недостаточное внимание к более узким сегментам поступающих, в особенности выпускникам колледжей и техникумов. Методика и методология исследования. Обосновывается, что у выпускников колледжей иные потребности и ценности, следовательно, фокусы внимания коммуникационной кампании должны отличаться. Результаты. Анализ позволил выявить некоторые недостатки коммуникационных кампаний, направленных на привлечение выпускников коллежей: например, отсутствие полноценной коммуникационной кампании как таковой, отсутствие необходимой для полноценного поступления информации на сайтах некоторых вузов, отсутствие «представителей вузов», которые очно посещают колледжи и рассказываю о своем вузе. Выводы. Предложены меры по улучшению коммуникационной кампании вузов по привлечению абитуриентов, поступающих на базе среднего профессионального образования

The genetic history of admixture across inner Eurasia

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Nature Research via the DOI in this record.Data Availability. Genome-wide sequence data of two Botai individuals (BAM format) are available at the European Nucleotide Archive under the accession number PRJEB31152 (ERP113669). Eigenstrat format array genotype data of 763 present-day individuals and 1240K pulldown genotype data of two ancient Botai individuals are available at the Edmond data repository of the Max Planck Society (https://edmond.mpdl.mpg.de/imeji/collection/Aoh9c69DscnxSNjm?q=).The indigenous populations of inner Eurasia, a huge geographic region covering the central Eurasian steppe and the northern Eurasian taiga and tundra, harbor tremendous diversity in their genes, cultures and languages. In this study, we report novel genome-wide data for 763 individuals from Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. We furthermore report additional damage-reduced genome-wide data of two previously published individuals from the Eneolithic Botai culture in Kazakhstan (~5,400 BP). We find that present-day inner Eurasian populations are structured into three distinct admixture clines stretching between various western and eastern Eurasian ancestries, mirroring geography. The Botai and more recent ancient genomes from Siberia show a decrease in contribution from so-called “ancient North Eurasian” ancestry over time, detectable only in the northern-most “forest-tundra” cline. The intermediate “steppe-forest” cline descends from the Late Bronze Age steppe ancestries, while the “southern steppe” cline further to the South shows a strong West/South Asian influence. Ancient genomes suggest a northward spread of the southern steppe cline in Central Asia during the first millennium BC. Finally, the genetic structure of Caucasus populations highlights a role of the Caucasus Mountains as a barrier to gene flow and suggests a post-Neolithic gene flow into North Caucasus populations from the steppe.Max Planck SocietyEuropean Research Council (ERC)Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)Russian Scientific FundNational Science FoundationU.S. National Institutes of HealthAllen Discovery CenterUniversity of OstravaCzech Ministry of EducationXiamen UniversityFundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesMES R

Population distribution and ancestry of the cancer protective MDM2 SNP285 (rs117039649)

The MDM2 promoter SNP285C is located on the SNP309G allele. While SNP309G enhances Sp1 transcription factor binding and MDM2 transcription, SNP285C antagonizes Sp1 binding and reduces the risk of breast-, ovary- and endometrial cancer. Assessing SNP285 and 309 genotypes across 25 different ethnic populations (>10.000 individuals), the incidence of SNP285C was 6-8% across European populations except for Finns (1.2%) and Saami (0.3%). The incidence decreased towards the Middle-East and Eastern Russia, and SNP285C was absent among Han Chinese, Mongolians and African Americans. Interhaplotype variation analyses estimated SNP285C to have originated about 14,700 years ago (95% CI: 8,300 - 33,300). Both this estimate and the geographical distribution suggest SNP285C to have arisen after the separation between Caucasians and modern day East Asians (17,000 - 40,000 years ago). We observed a strong inverse correlation (r = -0.805; p < 0.001) between the percentage of SNP309G alleles harboring SNP285C and the MAF for SNP309G itself across different populations suggesting selection and environmental adaptation with respect to MDM2 expression in recent human evolution. In conclusion, we found SNP285C to be a pan-Caucasian variant. Ethnic variation regarding distribution of SNP285C needs to be taken into account when assessing the impact of MDM2 SNPs on cancer risk

Субпопуляции моноцитов крови у больных с генерализованной гипоксией

The aim of the work is to establish general regularities and features of differentiation of blood monocytes into 4 subpopulations in diseases associated with circulatory and respiratory hypoxia.Materials and methods. 18 patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), 12 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP), 14 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 15 patients with newly diagnosed infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and 12 healthy donors were examined. In whole blood, we determined the relative number of different subpopulations of monocytes by flow cytometry. The results were analyzed by statistical methods.Results. It is shown that an increase in the number of classical (80.56 [77.60; 83.55]%) and the deficit of intermediate (10.38 [9.36; 11.26]%), non-classical (6.03 [5.24; 6.77]%) and transitional (2.14 [1.41; 3.92] %) monocytes in the blood is determined in patients with COPD when compared with the group of healthy donors (p &lt; 0.05). In groups of patients with PTB and IHD, an increase in the number of intermediate monocytes (26.24 respectively [22.38; 42.88] % and 25.27 [15.78; 31.39]%) and the lack of transitional cells (1.77 [1.36; 3.74]% and 2.68 [2.63; 4.0]%) at the normal content of classical and non-classical forms of monocytes (p &lt; 0.05) is detected. In patients with ICMP, a decrease in the number of non-classical monocytes (up to 5.05 [4.08; 6.58]%) is combined with the normal cell content of other subpopulations (p &lt; 0.05). The interrelation between the number of classical and intermediate monocytes in patients with COPD (r = –0.63; p &lt; 0.05), PTB (r = –0.72; p &lt; 0.01), IHD (r = –0.59; p &lt; 0.05), ICMP (r = –0.58; p &lt; 0.05) was established.Conclusion. In COPD associated with generalized hypoxia, an increase in the number of classical monocytes is combined with a deficiency of their other subpopulations in the blood. In PTB and IHD, antigenic stimulation of the immune system mediates accelerated differentiation of monocytes from classical to intermediate forms with a decrease in the number of transitional cells regardless of the etiology of the disease (infectious or non-infectious) and the type of hypoxia (respiratory or circulatory).Цель работы – установить общие закономерности и особенности дифференцировки моноцитов крови на четыре субпопуляции (классические (CD14hiCD16-), промежуточные (CD14hiCD16lo), неклассические (CD14loCD16lo) и переходные (CD14loCD16-)) при заболеваниях, ассоциированных с циркуляторной и дыхательной гипоксией.Материалы и методы. Обследованы 18 больных ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС), 12 больных ишемической кардиомиопатией (ИКМП), 14 больных с хронической обструктивной болезнью легких (ХОБЛ), 15 больных с впервые выявленным инфильтративным туберкулезом легких (ТБЛ) и 12 здоровых доноров. В цельной крови определяли относительное количество различных субпопуляций моноцитов методом проточной цитометрии. Полученные результаты анализировали статистическими методами.Результаты. Показано, что у больных ХОБЛ определяется увеличение доли классических (80,56 [77,60; 83,55]%) и дефицит промежуточных (10,38 [9,36; 11,26]%), неклассических (6,03 [5,24; 6,77]%) и переходных (2,14 [1,41; 3,92]%) моноцитов в крови по сравнению с группой здоровых доноров (р &lt; 0,05). В группах больных с ТБЛ и ИБС обнаруживается повышение количества промежуточных моноцитов (соответственно 26,24 [22,38; 42,88]% и 25,27 [15,78; 31,39]%) на фоне дефицита переходных клеток (1,77 [1,36; 3,74]% и 2,68 [2,63; 4,0]%) при нормальном содержании классических и неклассических форм моноцитов (р &lt; 0,05). У больных ИКМП снижение численности неклассических моноцитов (до 5,05 [4,08; 6,58]%) сочетается с нормальным содержанием клеток остальных субпопуляций (р &lt; 0,05). Установлена взаимосвязь между численностью классических и промежуточных моноцитов у больных ХОБЛ (r = –0,63; p &lt; 0,05), ТБЛ (r = –0,72; p &lt; 0,01), ИБС (r = –0,59; p &lt; 0,05), ИКМП (r = –0,58; p &lt; 0,05).Заключение. При ХОБЛ, ассоциированной с генерализованной гипоксией, увеличение числа классических моноцитов сочетается с дефицитом остальных их субпопуляций в крови. При ТБЛ и ИБС антигенная стимуляция иммунной системы опосредует ускоренную дифференцировку моноцитов из классических в промежуточные формы при снижении числа переходных клеток вне зависимости от этиологии заболевания (инфекционная или неинфекционная) и вида гипоксии (дыхательная или циркуляторная)

Ancient DNA reveals prehistoric gene-flow from Siberia in the complex human population history of north east Europe

North East Europe harbors a high diversity of cultures and languages, suggesting a complex genetic history. Archaeological, anthropological, and genetic research has revealed a series of influences from Western and Eastern Eurasia in the past. While genetic data from modern-day populations is commonly used to make inferences about their origins and past migrations, ancient DNA provides a powerful test of such hypotheses by giving a snapshot of the past genetic diversity. In order to better understand the dynamics that have shaped the gene pool of North East Europeans, we generated and analyzed 34 mitochondrial genotypes from the skeletal remains of three archaeological sites in northwest Russia. These sites were dated to the Mesolithic and the Early Metal Age (7,500 and 3,500 uncalibrated years Before Present). We applied a suite of population genetic analyses (principal component analysis, genetic distance mapping, haplotype sharing analyses) and compared past demographic models through coalescent simulations using Bayesian Serial SimCoal and Approximate Bayesian Computation. Comparisons of genetic data from ancient and modern-day populations revealed significant changes in the mitochondrial makeup of North East Europeans through time. Mesolithic foragers showed high frequencies and diversity of haplogroups U (U2e, U4, U5a), a pattern observed previously in European hunter-gatherers from Iberia to Scandinavia. In contrast, the presence of mitochondrial DNA haplogroups C, D, and Z in Early Metal Age individuals suggested discontinuity with Mesolithic hunter-gatherers and genetic influx from central/eastern Siberia. We identified remarkable genetic dissimilarities between prehistoric and modern-day North East Europeans/Saami, which suggests an important role of post-Mesolithic migrations from Western Europe and subsequent population replacement/extinctions. This work demonstrates how ancient DNA can improve our understanding of human population movements across Eurasia. It contributes to the description of the spatio-temporal distribution of mitochondrial diversity and will be of significance for future reconstructions of the history of Europeans.Clio Der Sarkissian, Oleg Balanovsky, Guido Brandt, Valery Khartanovich, Alexandra Buzhilova, Sergey Koshel, Valery Zaporozhchenko, Detlef Gronenborn, Vyacheslav Moiseyev, Eugen Kolpakov, Vladimir Shumkin, Kurt W. Alt, Elena Balanovska, Alan Cooper, Wolfgang Haak, the Genographic Consortiu