Évaluation de la sensibilité de sept clones de palmier à huile (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) à Coelaenomenodera lameensis Berti et Mariau (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) Konan J.

Objectifs : Évaluer la sensibilité de 7 clones d’Elaeis guineensis à Coelaenomenodera lameensis (Coleoptera : Hispinae) et estimer les dégâts occasionnés par l’insecte au terme d’un cycle de développement complet sur chaque type de matériel clonal.Méthodologies et Résultats : des insectes adultes de C. lameensis ont été transposés sur des folioles de clones d’Elaeis guineensis isolés dans des manchons. L’évolution des insectes a été ensuite observée à chaque étape du cycle normal de développement de C. lameensis. Les dégâts provoqués par l’insecte ont été estimés par le rapport entre la surface de foliole attaquée et la surface totale de foliole. Les résultats ont montré que certains clones étaient moins favorables au développement de l’insecte que d’autres. Le clone LMC247, avec 53,80 % ± 2,56 de surface foliaire attaquée, a été plus sensible à l’insecte que les autres clones LMC159, LMC161, LMC022, LMC010, LMC270 et LMC291 où les dégâts observés ont été en dessous de 25%..Conclusion et Application : au regard des résultats, il ressort que le développement de C. lameensis est influencé par le type de matériel clonal. Les dégâts sur les clones testés ont été généralement de faible intensité. Cette approche expérimentale, laisse présager de bonnes perspectives pour la lutte génétique contre C. lameensis.. En effet, plus de 300 clones de palmier ont déjà été crées en Côte d’Ivoire. Un criblage élargi à l’ensemble de ce matériel va permettre d’identifier à terme des clones performants pour contrôler le ravageur, au regard de l’homogénéité de ce type de matériel végétal.Mots clés : clone, palmier à huile, lutte génétique, Coelænomenodera lameensisEvaluation of seven oil palm clones (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) sensibility to Coelaenomenodera lameensis Berti and Mariau (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)Objective: this study aims to evaluate seven oil palm clones sensibility to Coelaenomenodera lameensis (Coleoptera: Hispinae) and to estimate the damage caused by this insect on each type of clonal material.Methods and results: adult insects of C. lameensis were transposed on Elaeis guineensis clones leaflets isolated in canvas bags. Insect evolution was observed at each stage of normal development cycle of C. lameensis. The damage caused by the insect was estimated using the ratio of the surface of leaflet attacked and the total surface of leaflet. The results showed that some clones were less favorable to the development of C. lameensis than others. The clone LMC247, with 53.80 ± 2.56% of leaf surface attacked was more susceptible to C. lameensis than the other clones LMC159, LMC161, LMC022, LMC010, LMC270 and LMC291. For these clones, the damages noted were below 25% of leaf area attacked.Conclusion and application: the results showed that C. lameensis development depended of the clones. Overall, a low intensity of damage was observed on the leaflet of the clones. This experimental approach suggests good projection for genetic control of C. lameensis with oil palm clone material. Indeed, more than 300 oil palm clones have already been established in Côte d'Ivoire. The screening of this material can help selecting performing material to control the pest due to the homogeneity of this type of plant material. Key words: clone, oil palm, genetic control, Coelænomenodera lameensi

Evaluation de l’efficacite de quatre formulations de chlorpyriphos ethyl contre la cochenille Farineuse du manguier Rastrococcus invadens Williams (Homoptera : Pseudococcidae) : bilan de dix annees d’experimentation en Côte D’Ivoire

La cochenille farineuse du manguier, Rastrococcus invadens (Homoptera : Pseudococcidae) est l’un des principaux ravageurs du manguier en Côte d’Ivoire, particulièrement dans la région nord qui fournit les mangues exportées. En attendant la mise en place de la lutte biologique envisagée, et devant l’ampleur des dégâts pouvant favoriser des traitements abusifs de la part des producteurs, des expérimentations ont été initiées pour sélectionner des insecticides efficaces en vue de leur homologation. Sur station de recherche, le premier screening a concerné 8 formulations d’insecticides appliquées à doses fortes (2 litres / ha) sur 100 m² de parcelle élémentaire de manguiers. Ensuite, pour chaque formulation retenue, trois doses ont été testées (2 litres / ha, 1 litre / ha et 0,5 litre / ha) sur 200 m². En milieu paysan, la dose optimale a été confirmée sur au moins 20 ha dans des essais couples. Le screening préliminaire a mis en évidence l’efficacité des formulations à base de chlorpyrifos éthyl avec une rémanence de 4 semaines. L’évaluation de 3 doses de ces formulations en station a permis de retenir la dose efficace de 1 litre / ha soit 480 g dechlorpyrifos-éthyl / ha. Les tests réalisés en milieu paysan ont confirmé l’efficacité des 4 formulations de chlorpyrifos-éthyl contre le ravageur : Dursban 4 E, Cyren 480 EC, Pyriforce 480 EC et Pyrical 480 EC. L’exécution raisonnée des traitements permet à la lutte chimique de s’intégrer harmonieusement dans un programme de gestion intégrée de la cochenille farineuse.Mots clés : Rastrococcus invadens, cochenille farineuse du manguier, lutte chimique, chlorpyrifos-éthyl.EVALUATION OF FOUR FORMULATIONS OF CHLORPYRIPHOS ETHYL AGAINST THE MANGO MEALY BUG Rastrococcus invadensWILLIAMS  (HOMOPTERA : PSEUDOCOCCIDAE) : ASSESSMENTOF TEN YEARS  EXPERIMENTATION IN CÔTE D’IVOIREThe mango mealy bug, Rastrococcus invadens (Homoptera,  Pseudococcidae) is one of the main pests of mango in Côte d’Ivoire,  particularly in the northern region that provides the exported mangoes. Before the using of biological control considered, and faced with the extent of damages that may promote abusive treatment by the producers,  experiments were initiated to select effective insecticides for their approval. On research station, the first screening has involved eight formulations of insecticides applied at high doses (2 L / ha) of 100 m² plot of mango trees. Then, for each formulation selected, three doses were tested (2 liters / ha, 1 liter / ha and 0.5 l / ha) on 200 m². On-farm, the optimal dose was confirmed at least 20 ha in trials couples. The preliminary  screening has shown the effectiveness of formulations containing  chlorpyrifos ethyl with a remanence of 4 weeks. The evaluation of three  doses of these formulations on station allowed to retain the effective dose of 1 l / ha or 480 g of chlorpyrifos-ethyl / ha. The on-farm tests have  confirmed the effectiveness of four formulations of chlorpyrifos-ethyl against the pest: Dursban 4 E, Cyren 480 EC, Pyriforce 480 EC and Pyrical 480 EC. The rational treatment allows to chemical control to integrate  seamlessly into an integrated management program against the mealy  bug.Key words : Rastrococcus invadens, mango mealy bug, chemical control, chlorpyrifos ethyl

Characteristics of Si-Solar Cell (PV) Waveguide Structure Using Transfer Matrix Method

In this work, the characteristics of a Si-solar cell (PV) model is studied. The proposed model is a four layer system with an ultra-thin film of Fe-InGaAsPlaid above Silicon (Si) substrate and covered by AlON layer that is exposed to air directly. The efficiency is measured by the reflectance power (R) and transmittance power (T). R and T are derived by using the transfer matrix method for both TE and TM modes. The total reflectance (Ravg) and the total transmittance (Tavg) are taken as the average value for the TE and TM modes. Ravg and Tavg are plotted versus the wavelength at different values for AlON layer thickness l1 and Fe-InGaAsP layer thickness l2 using Maple. The result shows that the minimum value of Ravg is shifted toward higher wavelengths with increasing l1. The minimum of Ravg is almost zero while the rest of the spectrum is less than 0.25% which is lower than any previous results. We also noticed

Prophylactic effect of artemether on human Schistosomiasis mansoni among Egyptian children : a randomized controlled trial

A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted in an endemic focus for Schistosoma mansoni in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, Northern Nile Delta, Egypt, to evaluate the prophylactic effect of artemether (ART) given in conjunction with praziquantel (PZQ). The study encompassed 913 primary school children randomly assigned to two treatment groups PZQ/ART and PZQ/ART-placebo. At baseline, both groups received 40mg/kg body weight of PZQ twice four weeks apart, after which one group received 6mg/kg body weight of ART every 3 weeks in 5 cycles during the transmission season and the other group received ART-placebo. At the end of the study, prevalence of infection among the PZQ/ART was approximately half that of the PZQ/ART-placebo group, i.e. 6.7% versus 11.6%, and incidence of new infections for the PZQ/ART was 2.7% versus 6.5% for the PZQ/ART-placebo. In conclusion, PZQ/ART combined therapy might be considered as an adjunct measure against human schistosomiasis, by specifically reducing transmission and therefore contribute to disease elimination

Piégeage des Mouches des Fruits (Diptera : Tephritidae) À Base D’extraits de Ocimum Basilicum L. (Lamiaceae) : Cas de Bactrocera Dorsalis, Principal Ravageur de Mangues en Côte d’Ivoire

Les cultures fruitières, en particulier la mangue en Côte d’Ivoire, sont sous la menace des mouches des fruits. Les dégâts se sont accrus avec l’invasion de Bactrocera dorsalis. En outre, la baisse des pertes en vergers de manguiers exige l’utilisation du méthyl eugénol pour sa détection et le suivi du monitoring de sa population. Malheureusement, les attractifs sexuels spécifiques de mouchessont inaccessibles aux producteurs de la Côte d’Ivoire. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer l’efficacité de Ocimum basilicum dans de la capture de B. dorsalis. Ces trois formulations du basilic (feuilles fraîches malaxées, poudre de basilic et macérât du basilic) et le méthyl eugénol sont utilisées en piégeage dans les vergers de manguiers à Korhogo. Les pièges ont été relevés chaque semaine et chaque jour respectivement pour le Méthyl eugénol et les formulations du basilic. Les formulations ont permis de capturer une importante population de B. dorsalis (99,41 %) avec une prévalence (FTD) moyenne journalière de 10,141 individus/jour/piège et d’autres espèces de mouches de fruits. La poudre de basilic montre une rémanence plus longue (28,67 ± 18,17 jours) tandis que le macérât de basilic montre une capture hebdomadaire plus élevée (513,4 ± 72,34 individus). Les captures moyennes les plus élevées ont été observées avec le Macérât de basilic (4419 ± 1090 individus) et le Méthyl eugénol (4899,67 ± 1511,74 individus). Le macérât de feuilles fraîches de basilic et la poudre de feuilles sèches de basilic peuvent être recommandées auprès des producteurs de mangues dans la lutte contre B. dorsalis. Fruit crops, especially mangoes in Côte d'Ivoire are threatened by the fruit flies. The damage has increased with the invasion of Bactrocera dorsalis. In addition, the decline in mango orchard losses requires the use of methyl eugenol for the detection and monitoring of Bactrocera population. Unfortunately, the sex-specific attractants of flies are inaccessible to producers in Côte d'Ivoire. The aims of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of Ocimum basilicum in the capture of B. dorsalis. Three basil formulations (fresh mixed leaves, basil powder and basil macerate) and methyl eugenol are used for trapping in mango orchards in Korhogo. The captured insects were collected weekly and daily for methyl eugenol and basil formulations respectively. The formulations captured a large population of B. dorsalis (99.41%) with an average daily prevalence (FTD) of 10,141 individuals / day / trap and other fruit fly species. Basil powder has the longest persistence (28.67 ± 18.17 days) and basil macerate has the highest weekly catch (513.4 ± 72.34 individuals). The highest average catches were observed with basil macerate (4419 ± 1090 individuals) and methyl eugenol (4899.67 ± 1511.74 individuals). Fresh basil leaf macerate and dry basil leaf powder may be recommended to mango growers in the control of B. dorsalis

Damage index in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus in Egypt

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To investigate the prevalence of cumulative organ damage among Egyptian children with juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) and the relationships between the organ damage and the demographic data, clinical variables, and disease activity.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of 148 patients with jSLE have been followed in the pediatric rheumatology clinic and section at Cairo University. These patients were evaluated by retrospective chart review. The organ system damage due to SLE was measured using the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI). Risk factors for damage were also studied including demographic criteria as well as clinical and laboratory manifestations.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Overall, 43.9% of the patients had damage within a mean of 6.57 ± 3.59 years of disease diagnosis. Neuropsychiatric (NPS-21%) and renal (16.9%) system involvement were observed most frequently, followed by cardiovascular (11.5%), skin (9.5%), pulmonary (6.1%), and ocular (4.8%), with a mean SDI score of 0.93 ± 1.37. In our study, the presence of neuropsychiatric manifestations at diagnosis showed the strongest association with the presence of later disease damage.</p> <p>The number of SLE diagnostic criteria at presentation was strongly associated with the total SDI score, and the renal damage was significantly more prevalent in patients with age at disease diagnosis below 10 years of age. A higher mean disease duration was found in patients with musculoskeletal damage.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We found that cumulative organ damage, as measured by the SDI, was present in 43.9% of Egyptian patients with juvenile-onset SLE. The damage was significantly more likely in patients who had more SLE diagnostic criteria at time of disease presentation and NPS manifestations at the time of diagnosis.</p

Synthesis, Characterization of Poly Heterocyclic Compounds, and Effect on Cancer Cell (Hep-2) In vitro.

A synthesis series of new heterocyclic derivatives (A2-A7) (pyrrole, pyridazine, oxazine and imidazol) derived from 4-acetyl-2,5-dichloro-1-(3,5-dinitrophenyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylate(A1) have been synthesised. Synthesis of compound (A2) by the reaction of starting material (A1) with hydroxyl amine hydrochloride in the presence of pyridine. Compound (A2) was reacted with hydrazine hydrate in dry benzene to give (A3) derivative. The compound )A3( deals with sodium nitrite to give diazonium salt, and the reaction diazonium salt with ethyl acetoacetate to produce compound (A4). To a mixture of compound (A4) and hydroxyl amine with sttired to yield (A5).Compound (A6) was prepared by reaction compound (A4) with thiosemicarbazide in presence of drops of acetic acid. Synthesis of 1compound (A7) by reaction compound (A6) with ethyl chloro acetate. The reactions have been monitored by TLC and the synthesized compounds were characterized using spectrophotometric methods FT-IR, 1H NMR.The biological effects of the prepared compounds on the cancer cells were studied in vitro. The results indicated that these Synthesized compounds (A1–A7) inhibited1 the cancer1 cells1 efficiently, the compound (A6) was activity inhibited on the cancer cells

Essai de lutte contre oryctes monoceros olivier (coleoptera : dynastidae) par l’utilisation de l’acide 4-méthyloctanoïque en côte -d’ivoire

(Arecaceae), en Côte d’Ivoire. Pour lutter contre ce ravageur, l’acide 4-methyloctanoïque a été initié. Au cours de ces travaux, 3 types de diffuseurs (Da, Db, Dc) contenant les différentes doses ont été expérimentés. L’étude a été menée sur 9 mois repartie sur 4 phases dont 1 mois sans diffuseurs, 4 mois avec diffuseurs, 2 mois retrait desdiffuseurs et 2 mois post diffuseurs. Les visites des cocotiers ont été effectuées 3 fois par semaine avec extraction des insectes des galeries en notant les caractéristiques climatiques et le sexe des insectes. Les diffuseurs ont été pesés au début et chaque mois pendant la phase avec diffuseurs. On note que les trois types de diffuseurs ont la même efficacité contre les attaques de O. monoceros mais le diffuseur Dc, caractérisé par la dose faible, est économiquement plus avantageux et pourrait être vulgarisé auprès des paysans, pour la protection de leurs plantations.Mots clés : Cocos nucifera, Oryctes monoceros, Diffuseurs, Acide 4-méthyloctanoïqueOryctes monoceros Olivier is one of the most dangerous pests of young coconuts Cocos nucifera Linne (Arecaceae) in Côte-d’Ivoire. In order to reduce their populations, 4-methyloctanoïc acid was initiated. In this work, 3 different types of diffusers (Da, Db, Dc) was tested. The study over nine months covered four phases with one month (without diffusers), four month (with diffusers), two month (diffuser withdrawal) and two month (post diffuser). Coconuts were visited 3 twice in a week by collecting insects of galleries and wrote down climatic characteristics, sex of insects. Diffusers were weighted at the beginning and every month during phase with diffusers. We notice that three types of diffusers have the same effectiveness against O. monoceros attacks, diffuser Dc, characterized by a low concentration, is economically more reasonable and could be recommended to the farmer for the protection of their plantations

Uptake of Fluoride from Water Using Recycled Raw Beef Bone as an Environmently Freindly Waste

Excessive intake of fluoride, mainly through drinking water is a serious health hazard affecting humans worldwide. In this study, the defluoridation capacities of locally available raw waste beef bones have been estimated. Several experimental parameters including contact time, pH, bone dose, fluoride initial concentration, bone grains size, agitation rate, and the effect of co-existence of anions in actual samples of wastewater were studied for fluoride removal from aqueous solutions. Results indicated excellent fluoride removal effeciency up to 99.7% at fluoride initial concentration of 10 mg F/L and 120 min contact time. Maximum fluoride uptake was obtained at neutral pH range 6-7. Fluoride removal kinetic was well described by the pseudo-second order kinetic model. Both, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models could fit the experimental data well with correlation coefficient values > 0.99 suggesting favorable conditions of the process. Furthermore, it was found that the co-existing anions had no significant effect on fluoride removal. Ion exchange and fluoride precipitation are the modes of fluoride removal

Effect of taurine supplementation on hyperhomocysteinemia and markers of oxidative stress in high fructose diet induced insulin resistance

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>High intake of dietary fructose is accused of being responsible for the development of the insulin resistance (IR) syndrome. Concern has arisen because of the realization that fructose, at elevated concentrations, can promote metabolic changes that are potentially deleterious. Among these changes is IR which manifests as a decreased biological response to normal levels of plasma insulin.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were carried out, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA) was calculated, homocysteine (Hcy), lipid concentrations and markers of oxidative stress were measured in male <it>Wistar </it>rats weighing 170-190 g. The rats were divided into four groups, kept on either control diet or high fructose diet (HFD), and simultaneously supplemented with 300 mg/kg/day taurine via intra-peritoneal (i.p.) route for 35 days.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Fructose-fed rats showed significantly impaired glucose tolerance, impaired insulin sensitivity, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), lower total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lower paraoxonase (PON) activity, and higher nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) concentration, when compared to rats fed on control diet. Supplementing the fructose-fed rats with taurine has ameliorated the rise in HOMA by 56%, triglycerides (TGs) by 22.5%, total cholesterol (T-Chol) by 11%, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by 21.4%. Taurine also abolished any significant difference of TAC, PON activity and NOx concentration among treated and control groups. TAC positively correlated with PON in both rats fed on the HFD and those received taurine in addition to the HFD. Fructose-fed rats showed 34.7% increase in Hcy level. Taurine administration failed to prevent the observed HHcy in the current dosage and duration.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results indicate that HFD could induce IR which could further result in metabolic syndrome (MS), and that taurine has a protective role against the metabolic abnormalities induced by this diet model except for HHcy.</p