Effect of flavonoids of extract of cichorium intybus L. leaf on induction of P19 stem-cells differentiation to insulin-producing cells

Background and purpose: Regarding the effective role of plant flavonoids in the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus, in this investigation, induction of P19 stem cells differentiation into insulin producing cells by flavonoids of methanol extract of Cichorium intybus L. leaf was examined. Materials and methods: Initially, flavonoids of methanol extract of Cichorium intybus L. leaf were concentrated. The P19-derived embryonic bodies were cultured in α-MEM (Minimum Essential Medium) containing 15 fetal bovine serum for three days. To induce the differentiation, the cells treated with the concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 μg/ml of flavonoids of methanol extract of Cichorium intybus L. leaf for 12 days. Untreated P19 cells and embryonic bodies were used as controls. Dithizone staining, immunoflorecence and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques were used to demonstrate the differentiated cells. Results: Differentiated P19 cells by different concentrations of extract shown positive reaction to dithizone staining. Most percentage of positive dithizone cells was reached in concentration of 100 μg/ml. Immunoflorecence method showed that differentiated P19 cells were able to express the pancreas beta cell-specific markers. Pdx-1 gene expression in the cells was demonstrated by RT-PCR technique. Conclusion: The flavonoids of methanol extract of Cichorium intybus L. leaf are able to induce differentiation of P19 stem cells to insulin producing cells. © 2014 Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved

Antifungal activity in vitro of aqueous and total flavnoids extracts of plant myrtus communis L. against two pathogenically important fungi, Saprolegnia and Fusarrium isolated from rainbow trout eggs

In the present study, the efficiency of the flavonoid and aqueous extracts of M. communis L. tree leaves, a recognized Iranian medicinal plant, were assessed in vitro on the growth of isolated fungi, Saprolegnia and Fusarrium using the agar disc and well diffusion methods in flat-bottom microplates in the presence of various extract concentrations. The isolated fungi were sampled from the fertilized eggs of rainbow trout fish incubation farms. The leaves were collected from the natural habitats of the province of Chaharmahal-o-Bakhtiary in the earlysummer and extrcation took place through maceration methods with water solvent as well as by flavonoid extraction methods with methanol solvent. During the succeeding trials, the antifungal effects of the flavonoid extracts (by the disk diffusion method) and the aqueous extracts (by the well diffusion method) against isolated Saprolegnia were revealed by MFC (Minimum Fatal Concentration) values 50 and 100 mg/ml, respectively. The only effect of the methanolic and aqueous extracts of M. communis leaves revealed the in vitro inhibiting effect on the growth of isolated Fusarium by MIC values 25 and 12.5 mg/ml, in disc diffusion and well diffusion methods, respectively. The antifungal effects obtained by the extracts had more effective aspects on isolated Saprolegnias in comparison to Fusariums. The results of the study indicate that M. communis could be considered as a potential candidate for designing effective antifungal extracts suitable for the treatment of the fish eggs fungal infections

A4 Printed in the Islamic Republic of Iran

Abstract -This recent study documents the phenolic constituents of the Triticum L. species in Iran using thin layer chromatography. Species studied are related to 55 wild and cultivated accessions of four diploid and four tetraploid species, namely Triticum boeoticum subsp. boeoticum Boiss., T. boeoticum subsp. thaoudar Reut. ex Boiss., T. monococcum L., T. urartu Tum. ex Gand., T. turgidum L., T. dicoccoides (Korn. ex Ascher. et Graebn.) Thell., T. dicoccum (Schrank.) Schubl. and T. durum Desf. collected from natural habitats and analyzed for their flavonoid compounds. The current study found that of a total of 20 flavonoid compounds, most of the derivatives were flavones, chalcones, and the others were mainly pseudobaptisin, sciadopitysin, baptigenin and fustin-3-O-glucoside. The basis of variation in these compounds was shown to be usable as an appropriate marker for chemotaxonomic studies

Flavonoid Constituents of Phlomis (Lamiaceae) Species Using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Introduction: Phlomis is one of the medicinal genera of Lamiaceae. This genus has unique medicinal properties. Consequently, appropriate methods need to be described for the identification of the chemical compounds. Objective: A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) technique on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (TQMS) was used for separation and identification of leaf flavonoid compounds for seven Phlomis species including Phlomis kurdia, Ph. aucheri, Ph. olivieri, Ph. bruguieri, Ph. persica, Ph. anisodonta and Ph. elliptica. Methodology: The flavonoid solution of air-dried leaves (10.5 g) was extracted using 85% methanol. The chromatogram was treated with three systems: methanol–water, chloroform–methanol and acetic acid. The extracts were analysed using LC–MS/MS. The MS2 detection was performed under negative mode electrospray ionisation (ESI). The identification of constituents was based on authentic references used in the identification process. Results: A total of 35 chemical compounds were detected from which 32 were identified as flavonoids through comparison with published literature and reference standards. These compounds were distributed in four flavonoid classes. Flavones (12), flavonols (11), flavanones (8) and flavane (1) were the main groups appearing in almost all of the studied samples. The flavonoids such as naringenin, chrysoeriol, eriodictyol, dimethoxyflavanone, apigenin, luteolin, kaempferol and rhamnetin were in high proportions. Moreover, 22 flavonoid compounds were first reported in this study for Phlomis species. Conclusion: The fragmentation patterns of the compounds during collision induced dissociation (CID) clarified information of the compounds analysed. The detailed flavonoid compositions of Phlomis species provide the appropriate context from phytochemical and phytotherapeutics points of view. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Flavonoid components, chemotypes, and candidate chemical markers of Teucrium (Lamiaceae) species using HPLC-MQ-API-MS/MS

Belonging to Lamiaceae family, the genus Teucrium L. is a rich source of secondary metabolites used in pharmacology and industrial medicine. This study aimed to investigate the flavonoid contents of methanol extract and the chemical markers of Teucrium at specific and infraspecific levels and identify the chemotypes of its accessions. Nineteen accessions, eight species, and five subspecies were collected from three sections (Teucris, Polium, and Scordium) belonging to the natural habitats in the west, southwest, centre, and south of Iran. Total flavonoid extraction was attained by the air-dried leaf of Teucrium species and 90% methanol. HPLC coupled with triple quadrupole mass analyser was applied to screen and identify the chemical constituents. Multivariate analyses were implemented by cluster and principal component analysis. Chemical investigation specified 148 chemical compounds, of which 135 flavonoids were tentatively identified. The most abundant derivatives belonged to flavones (41 derivatives), flavonols (37 derivatives), and isoflavonoids (22 derivatives). Based on the cluster analysis, 13 groups of chemical markers were formed in sections Teucris and Scordium and five groups in section Polium as chemotaxonomic indicators. The specified chemotypes were represented by ten in the sections Teucris and Scordium and by six in the section Polium. A relationship was suggested between type and flavonoid quantity (number), altitude, and geographical location. The present study provided valuable information for pharmacological research, bioactivity assessment, and chemotaxonomic purposes. This is the first report on the presence of chemotypes, chemical markers, and quality assessments for the genus Teucriu