643 research outputs found
Psychiatric admissions from crisis resolution teams in Norway: a prospective multicentre study
Background
Crisis resolution teams (CRTs) provide intensive alternative care to hospital admission for patients with mental health crises. The aims of this study were to describe the proportions and characteristics of patients admitted to in-patient wards from CRTs, to identify any differences in admission practices between CRTs, and to identify predictors of admissions from CRTs.
Methods
A naturalistic prospective multicentre design was used to study 680 consecutive patients under the care of eight CRTs in Norway over a 3-month period in 2005/2006. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected on the patients, and on the organization and operation of the CRTs. Logistic regression analysis for hierarchical data was used to test potential predictors of admission at team and patient level.
Results
One hundred and forty-six patients (21.5%) were admitted to in-patient wards. There were significant differences in admission rates between the CRTs. The likelihood of being admitted to an in-patient ward was significantly lower for patients treated by CRTs that operated during extended opening hours than CRTs that operated during office hours only. Those most likely to be admitted were patients with psychotic symptoms, suicidal risk, and a prior history of admissions.
Conclusions
Extended opening hours may help CRTs to prevent more admissions for patients with moderately severe and relapsing mental illnesses. Patients with severe psychosis seem to be difficult to treat in the community by Norwegian CRTs even with extended opening hours
Outcomes Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Patellar Tendon vs Hamstring Autografts: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials with a Mean Follow-up of 15 Years
BACKGROUND: The two most common surgical treatment modalities for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL), patellar tendon (PT) and hamstring tendon (HS) autografts, have been shown to have outcomes that are both similar and favorable; however, many of these are short or intermediate-term. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a minimum 10-year follow-up data to compare the long-term outcomes of ACL reconstructions performed using PT and HS autografts.
METHODS: This systematic review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A search of three databases (PubMed, Cochrane and EMBASE) was performed to identify RCTs with a minimum of 10-year follow-up that compared clinical and/or functional outcomes between PT and HS autografts.
RESULTS: Four RCTs with a total of 299 patients were included in the study. The mean follow-up ranged from 10.2 to 17 years (mean, 14.79 years). No significant differences in knee laxity or clinical outcome scores were demonstrated in any of the studies. One study found that PT autografts were significantly more likely to have osteoarthritis identified by radiographic findings. Two studies found that patients with PT autografts reported increase kneeling pain, while none of the four studies reported a difference in anterior knee pain. There were no significant differences in graft failure rates.
CONCLUSION: This review demonstrates no long-term difference in clinical or functional outcomes between PT and HS autografts. However, radiographic and subjective outcomes indicate that patients with PT autografts may experience greater kneeling pain and osteoarthritis. Therefore, orthopedic surgeons should consider patient-centric factors when discussing graft options with patients
β decay of 129 Cd and excited states in 129 In
The β decay of Cd129, produced in the relativistic fission of a U238 beam, was experimentally studied at the RIBF facility at the RIKEN Nishina Center. From the γ radiation emitted after the β decays, a level scheme of In129 was established comprisin
β decay of semi-magic 130Cd: Revision and extension of the level scheme of 130 In
A. Jungclaus et al.; 8 págs.; 5 figs.; 3 tabs.The β decay of the semi-magic nucleus Cd130 has been studied at the RIBF facility at the RIKEN Nishina Center. The high statistics of the present experiment allowed for a revision of the established level scheme of In130 and the observation of additional β feeding to high-lying core-excited states in In130. The experimental results are compared to shell-model calculations employing a model space consisting of the full major N=50-82 neutron and Z=28-50 proton shells and the NA-14 interaction, and good agreement is found. ©2016 American Physical SocietyWe thank the staff of the RIKEN Nishina Center accelerator
complex for providing stable beams with high intensities
to the experiment. We acknowledge the EUROBALL
Owners Committee for the loan of germanium detectors
and the PreSpec Collaboration for the readout electronics
of the cluster detectors. This work was supported by the
Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación under contract
FPA2011-29854-C04 and the Spanish Ministerio de Economía
y Competitividad under Contract No. FPA2014-57196-C5-
4-P, the Generalitat Valenciana (Spain) under Grant No.
PROMETEO/2010/101, the National Research Foundation of
Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST)
(NRF-2014S1A2A2028636, 2016K1A3A7A09005579), the
Priority Centers Research Program in Korea (2009-0093817),
OTKA Contract No. K-100835, JSPS KAKENHI (Grant No.
25247045), the European Commission through the Marie
Curie Actions call FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF under Contract
No. 300096, the US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear
Physics, under Contract No.DE-AC02-06CH11357, the STFC
(UK), the “RIKEN foreign research program,” the German
BMBF (No. 05P12RDCIA, No. 05P12RDNUP, and No.
05P12PKFNE), HIC for FAIR, the DFG cluster of excellence
“Origin and Structure of the Universe,” and DFG (Contract
No. KR2326/2-1).Peer Reviewe
Realistic Shell-Model Calculations for Proton-Rich N=50 Isotones
The structure of the N=50 isotones 98Cd, 97Ag, and 96Pd is studied in terms
of shell model employing a realistic effective interaction derived from the
Bonn-A nucleon-nucleon potential. The single-hole energies are fixed by
resorting to an analysis of the low-energy spectra of the isotones with A>= 91.
Comparison shows that our results are in very satisfactory agreement with the
available experimental data. This supports confidence in the predictions of our
calculationsComment: 8 pages, 3 figures, to be published on Journal of Physics
First observation of γ rays emitted from excited states south-east of Sn132: The πg−19/2⊗νf7/2 multiplet of In83132
A. Jungclaus et al. ; 6 págs.; 4 figs. ; Rapid CommunicationsFor the first time, the γ decay of excited states has been observed in a nucleus situated in the quadrant south-east of doubly magic Sn132, a region in which experimental information so far is limited to ground-state properties. Six γ rays with energies of 50, 86, 103, 227, 357, and 602 keV were observed following the β-delayed neutron emission from Cd85133, populated in the projectile fission of a U238 beam at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory at RIKEN within the EURICA project. The new experimental information is compared to the results of a modern realistic shell-model calculation, the first one in this region very far from stability, focusing in particular on the π0g9/2-1 - ν1f7/2 particle-hole multiplet in In83132. In addition, theoretical estimates based on a scaling of the two-body matrix elements for the πh11/2-1 - νg9/2 analog multiplet in Tl127208, one major proton and one major neutron shell above, are presented. ©2016 American Physical SocietyWe thank the staff of the RIKEN Nishina Center accelerator
complex for providing stable beams with high intensities to
the experiment. We acknowledge the EUROBALL Owners
Committee for the loan of germanium detectors and the
PreSpec Collaboration for the readout electronics of the
cluster detectors. This work was supported by the Spanish
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación under Contract No.
FPA2011-29854-C04 and the Spanish Ministerio de Economía
y Competitividad under Contract No. FPA2014-57196-C5-
4-P, the Generalitat Valenciana (Spain) under Grant No.
PROMETEO/2010/101, the National Research Foundation of
Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST)
(No. NRF-2012R1A1A1041763), the Priority Centers Research
Program in Korea (2009-0093817), OTKA Contract
No. K-100835, JSPS KAKENHI (Grant No. 25247045), the
European Commission through the Marie Curie Actions call
PEOPLE-2011FP7-IEF under Contract No. 300096 and the
German BMBF (No. 05P12RDCIA and No. 05P12RDNUP),
and Helmholtz International Center for FAIR.Peer Reviewe
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Coal fly ash: Linking immersion freezing behavior and physicochemical particle properties
To date, only a few studies have investigated the potential of coal fly ash particles to trigger heterogeneous ice nucleation in cloud droplets. The presented measurements aim at expanding the sparse dataset and improving process understanding of how physicochemical particle properties can influence the freezing behavior of coal fly ash particles immersed in water. Firstly, immersion freezing measurements were performed with two single particle techniques, i.e., the Leipzig Aerosol Cloud Interaction Simulator (LACIS) and the SPectrometer for Ice Nuclei (SPIN). The effect of suspension time on the efficiency of the coal fly ash particles when immersed in a cloud droplet is analyzed based on the different residence times of the two instruments and employing both dry and wet particle generation. Secondly, two cold-stage setups, one using microliter sized droplets (Leipzig Ice Nucleation Array) and one using nanoliter sized droplets (WeIzmann Supercooled Droplets Observation on Microarray setup) were applied. We found that coal fly ash particles are comparable to mineral dust in their immersion freezing behavior when being dry generated. However, a significant decrease in immersion freezing efficiency was observed during experiments with wet-generated particles in LACIS and SPIN. The efficiency of wet-generated particles is in agreement with the cold-stage measurements. In order to understand the reason behind the deactivation, a series of chemical composition, morphology, and crystallography analyses (single particle mass spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis, X-ray diffraction analysis) were performed with dry- and wet-generated particles. From these investigations, we conclude that anhydrous CaSO4 and CaO - which, if investigated in pure form, show the same qualitative immersion freezing behavior as observed for dry-generated coal fly ash particles - contribute to triggering heterogeneous ice nucleation at the particle-water interface. The observed deactivation in contact with water is related to changes in the particle surface properties which are potentially caused by hydration of CaSO4 and CaO. The contribution of coal fly ash to the ambient population of ice-nucleating particles therefore depends on whether and for how long particles are immersed in cloud droplets
Octupole transitions in the 208Pb region
The 208Pb region is characterised by the existence of collective octupole states.
Here we populated such states in 208Pb + 208Pb deep-inelastic reactions. γ-ray angular
distribution measurements were used to infer the octupole character of several E3 transitions.
The octupole character of the 2318 keV 17− → 14+ in 208Pb, 2485 keV 19/2
− → 13/2
+ in
207Pb, 2419 keV 15/2
− → 9/2
+ in 209Pb and 2465 keV 17/2
+ → 11/2
− in 207Tl transitions was
demonstrated for the first time. In addition, shell model calculations were performed using two
different sets of two-body matrix elements. Their predictions were compared with emphasis on
collective octupole states.This work is supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council
(STFC), UK, US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Contract No. DEAC02-06CH11357
and DE-FG02-94ER40834, NSF grant PHY-1404442
Non-adherence to antipsychotic medication, relapse and rehospitalisation in recent-onset schizophrenia
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aims of this study were to describe outcome with respect to persistent psychotic symptoms, relapse of positive symptoms, hospital admissions, and application of treatment by coercion among patients with recent onset schizophrenia being adherent and non-adherent to anti-psychotic medication.</p> <p>Materials and methods</p> <p>The study included 50 patients with recent onset schizophrenia, schizoaffective or schizophreniform disorders. The patients were clinically stable at study entry and had less than 2 years duration of psychotic symptoms. Good adherence to antipsychotic medication was defined as less than one month without medication. Outcomes for poor and good adherence were compared over a 24-month follow-up period.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The Odds Ratio (OR) of having a psychotic relapse was 10.27 and the OR of being admitted to hospital was 4.00 among non-adherent patients. Use of depot-antipsychotics were associated with relapses (OR = 6.44).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Non-adherence was associated with relapse, hospital admission and having persistent psychotic symptoms. Interventions to increase adherence are needed.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>Current Controlled Trials NCT00184509. Key words: Adherence, schizophrenia, antipsychotic medication, admittances, relapse.</p
The magic nature of 132Sn explored through the single-particle states of 133Sn
Atomic nuclei have a shell structure where nuclei with 'magic numbers' of
neutrons and protons are analogous to the noble gases in atomic physics. Only
ten nuclei with the standard magic numbers of both neutrons and protons have so
far been observed. The nuclear shell model is founded on the precept that
neutrons and protons can move as independent particles in orbitals with
discrete quantum numbers, subject to a mean field generated by all the other
nucleons. Knowledge of the properties of single-particle states outside nuclear
shell closures in exotic nuclei is important for a fundamental understanding of
nuclear structure and nucleosynthesis (for example the r-process, which is
responsible for the production of about half of the heavy elements). However,
as a result of their short lifetimes, there is a paucity of knowledge about the
nature of single-particle states outside exotic doubly magic nuclei. Here we
measure the single-particle character of the levels in 133Sn that lie outside
the double shell closure present at the short-lived nucleus 132Sn. We use an
inverse kinematics technique that involves the transfer of a single nucleon to
the nucleus. The purity of the measured single-particle states clearly
illustrates the magic nature of 132Sn.Comment: 19 pages, 5 figures and 4 table
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