Empirical rovibrational energy levels for nitrous oxide

A survey of the huge number of measured rovibrational transitions of the ¹⁴N₂ ¹⁶O isotopologue of nitrous oxide is performed which either confirms the positions, the assignments, and the uncertainties of the measurements or refutes at least one of them. Data from 95 literature sources are analyzed and their assignments adjusted to a uniform set of polyads and associated counting numbers. This is an important result of the present study and this canonical set of vibrational state assignments is recommended for future studies. The adjusted list of 67 930 transitions (43 246 unique ones) then underwent a thorough Marvel (Measured Active Rotational–Vibrational Energy Levels) analysis, yielding 17 561 empirical rovibrational energy levels. Uncertainties for these levels are determined using a newly implemented bootstrap approach. The bootstrap uncertainties indicate that the uncertainties for about 1.5% of the energy levels had to be increased significantly, often by more than 10 times compared to previous level uncertainty estimates. This study yields empirical values for 78 band origins of ¹⁴N₂ ¹⁶O for states with ℓ = O where ℓ is the vibrational angular momentum quantum number. The measured transitions and the empirical energy levels are compared to the SISAM and the recent NOSL-296 line lists with the result that while the overall agreement is good, there are still a number of issues requiring further careful experimental and modeling studies

Human Resource Development as a possibility for developing the most underdeveloped micro-regions of Hungary

One of the problems in regional development policy having been present for a long time – and presumably to remain for a long while – is developing the most underdeveloped regions. Unfortunately the difference between the developed and the underdeveloped has increased in Hungary during the last two decades – despite the strengthening regional politics. These regions are usually afflicted with multiple disadvantages, therefore it is not enough to explore and change only one cause leading to underdevelopment. It is of complex origin; the effect of several correlated factor-layers can be observed. It is an elemental thesis in case of local improvements that investing into human resources (to put it in an ordinary way, into people) and improving the conditions of the population (qualification, healthcare, standards of living, etc.) is one of the most efficient and less costly means to eliminate underdevelopment. Despite its cost-efficiency only long-term results can be expected; in many cases it takes generations to benefit from the investment. In this work we will review the conclusions and suggestions of the educational aspects of a complex Hungarian development programme

Jurisprudential elite and politics in Hungary (1945–1946)

This paper sheds light on the attitudes of political parties towards the jurisprudential elite, higher educational and academic reforms during the establishment of democracy, and reveals how the legal community reacted to the political changes combined with the challenges concerning academic reform and restructuring of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. This topic is of interest because the jurisprudential elite, like other scientific elites, was affected by the change of regime and the restructuring of the scientific community and whether there was a difference between the effect on the jurisprudential elite and other elites. This research uncovers the role played by the jurisprudential elite, a highly prestigious group retaining the oldest traditions in Hungarian scientific history, in scientific polemics following the 2nd World War and in the reform of academic institutions

A new ab initio ground-state dipole moment surface for the water molecule

A valence-only (V) dipole moment surface (DMS) has been computed for water at the internally contracted multireference configuration interaction level using the extended atom-centered correlation-consistent Gaussian basis set aug-cc-pV6Z. Small corrections to these dipole values, resulting from core correlation (C) and relativistic (R) effects, have also been computed and added to the V surface. The resulting DMS surface is hence called CVR. Interestingly, the C and R corrections cancel out each other almost completely over the whole grid of points investigated. The ground-state CVR dipole of H(2) (16)O is 1.8676 D. This value compares well with the best ab initio one determined in this study, 1.8539+/-0.0013 D, which in turn agrees well with the measured ground-state dipole moment of water, 1.8546(6) D. Line intensities computed with the help of the CVR DMS shows that the present DMS is highly similar to though slightly more accurate than the best previous DMS of water determined by Schwenke and Partridge [J. Chem. Phys. 113, 16 (2000)]. The influence of the precision of the rovibrational wave functions computed using different potential energy surfaces (PESs) has been investigated and proved to be small, due mostly to the small discrepancies between the best ab initio and empirical PESs of water. Several different measures to test the DMS of water are advanced. The seemingly most sensitive measure is the comparison between the ab initio line intensities and those measured by ultralong pathlength methods which are sensitive to very weak transitions