A flaring X-ray pulsar in Dorado

A study of unusual gamma-ray bursts detected on March 5 and March 6, 1979 in the KONUS experiment on the Venera 11 and Venera 12 spacecraft shows their source to be flaring X-ray pulsar in Dorado

Preliminary results of a gamma-ray burst study in the Konus experiment on the Venera-11 and Venera-12 space probes

Twenty-one gamma-ray bursts and 68 solar flares in the hard X-ray range were detected on Venera-11 and Venera-12 space probes during the initial 50-day observation period. Major characteristics of the equipment used and preliminary data on the temporal structure and energy spectra of the gamma-ray bursts are considered. The pattern of gamma-ray burst frequency distribution vs. intensity, N(S), is established

Механизм управления развитием градообразующих организаций

The study goal is to develop methodological foundations for the formation of governance mechanism of the development of city-forming organizations, which should contribute to their sustainable functioning, as well as the social and economic development of dominated by a single employer or industry municipal entities.The article explores the main approaches to the definition of the mechanism for managing the development of an economic entity. It concluded that there is no formalized mechanism for managing the development of city-forming organizations. The definition of the phenomenon under study is done. It identifies complementary properties that the mechanism for managing the development of city-forming organizations should possess. The principles of its functioning are expanded.The stages of governance mechanism for managing were proposed. The main procedures that require periodic execution are identified. An approach to systematize development strategies is based on the author's original classification of city-forming organizations. The developed algorithm for the formation of a mechanism for managing the development of city-forming organizations is aimed at extending the practical possibilities of using management tools for improving the efficiency of specific economic entities and the municipal economy as a whole.Цель исследования заключается в разработке методических основ формирования механизма управления развитием градообразующих организаций, который должен способствовать их устойчивому функционированию и социально-экономическому развитию монопрофильных муниципальных образований.В статье исследованы основные подходы к определению механизма управления развитием хозяйствующего субъекта. Сделан вывод об отсутствии формализованного механизма управления развитием градообразующих организаций. Дано определение исследуемого явления, дополнены свойства, которыми должен обладать механизм управления развитием градообразующих организаций. Расширены принципы его функционирования.Предложены этапы формирования механизма управления. Выявлены основные процедуры, которые требуют периодического исполнения. Предложен подход к систематизации стратегий развития градообразующих организаций на основе их авторской классификации. Разработанный алгоритм формирования механизма управления развитием градообразующих организаций направлен на расширение практических возможностей использования инструментов менеджмента для целей повышения эффективности как конкретных хозяйствующих субъектов, так и муниципальной экономики в целом

Enriched environment attenuates enhanced trait anxiety in association with normalization of aberrant neuro-inflammatory events

Neuroinflammation is discussed to play a role in specific subgroups of different psychiatric disorders, including anxiety disorders. We have previously shown that a mouse model of trait anxiety (HAB) displays enhanced microglial density and phagocytic activity in key regions of anxiety circuits compared to normal-anxiety controls (NAB). Using minocycline, we provided causal evidence that reducing microglial activation within the dentate gyrus (DG) attenuated enhanced anxiety in HABs. Besides pharmacological intervention, “positive environmental stimuli”, which have the advantage of exerting no side-effects, have been shown to modulate inflammation-related markers in human beings. Therefore, we now investigated whether environmental enrichment (EE) would be sufficient to modulate upregulated neuroinflammation in high-anxiety HABs. We show for the first time that EE can indeed attenuate enhanced trait anxiety, even when presented as late as adulthood. We further found that EE-induced anxiolysis was associated with the attenuation of enhanced microglial density (using Iba-1 as the marker) in the DG and medial prefrontal cortex. Additionally, EE reduced Iba1 + CD68+ microglia density within the anterior DG. Hence, the successful attenuation of trait anxiety by EE was associated in part with the normalization of neuro-inflammatory imbalances. These results suggest that pharmacological and/or positive behavioral therapies triggering microglia-targeted anti-inflammatory effects could be promising as novel alternatives or complimentary anxiolytic therapeutic approaches in specific subgroups of individuals predisposed to trait anxiety

Evolution of oxygen-ion and proton conductivity in Ca-Doped Ln2Zr2O7 (Ln = Sm, Gd), located near pyrochlore fluorite phase boundary

Sm2-xCaxZr2O7-x/2 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1) and Gd2-xCaxZr2O7-x/2 (x = 0.05, 0.1) mixed oxides in a pyrochlore-fluorite morphotropic phase region were prepared via the mechanical activation of oxide mixtures, followed by annealing at 1600 ?C. The structure of the solid solutions was studied by X-ray diffraction and refined by the Rietveld method, water content was determined by thermogravimetry (TG), their bulk and grain-boundary conductivity was determined by impedance spectroscopy in dry and wet air (100-900 ?C), and their total conductivity was measured as a function of oxygen partial pressure in the temperature range: 700-950 ?C. The Sm2-xCaxZr2O7-x/2 (x = 0.05, 0.1) pyrochlore solid solutions, lying near the morphotropic phase boundary, have proton conductivity contribution both in the grain bulk and on grain boundaries below 600 ?C, and pure oxygen-ion conductivity above 700 ?C. The 500 ?C proton conductivity contribution of Sm2-xCaxZr2O7-x/2 (x = 0.05, 0.1) is ~ 1 ? 10-4 S/cm. The fluorite-like Gd2-xCaxZr2O7-x/2 (x = 0.1) solid solution has oxygen-ion bulk conductivity in entire temperature range studied, whereas proton transport contributes to its grain-boundary conductivity below 700 ?C. As a result, of the morphotropic phase transition from pyrochlore Sm2-xCaxZr2O7-x/2 (x = 0.05, 0.1) to fluorite-like Gd2-xCaxZr2O7-x/2 (x = 0.05, 0.1), the bulk proton conductivity disappears and oxygen-ion conductivity decreases. The loss of bulk proton conductivity of Gd2-xCaxZr2O7-x/2 (x = 0.05, 0.1) can be associated with the fluorite structure formation. It is important to note that the degree of Ca substitution in such solid solutions (Ln2-xCax)Zr2O7-? (Ln = Sm, Gd) is low, x < 0.1. In both series, grain-boundary conductivity usually exceeds bulk conductivity. The high grain-boundary proton conductivity of Ln2-xCaxZr2O7-x/2 (Ln = Sm, Gd; x = 0.1) is attributable to the formation of an intergranular CaZrO3-based cubic perovskite phase doped with Sm or Gd in Zr sublattice. ? 2019 by the authors.371C-9F16-EBDE | Eduarda GomesN/

Успешное хирургическое лечение постинфарктного разрыва миокарда левого желудочка

ABSTRACT. The rupture of the left ventricle free wall is one of the most dangerous complications of myocardial infarction. Due to the widespread availability of echocardiography method, the detection of this fatal complication and the number of lives saved after surgery grew. The survival of patients depends on early diagnosis, stabilization of the patient’s condition, promptness and tactics of surgical intervention. We report a case of successful closure of a rupture of the left ventricle free wall on the 15th day after myocardial infarction.РЕЗЮМЕ. Разрыв свободной стенки левого желудочка (ЛЖ) является одним из наиболее опасных осложнений инфаркта миокарда. Благодаря широкому распространению и доступности метода эхо-кардиографии, увеличилось число диагностированных случаев прижизненного выявления этого фатального осложнения и количество спасенных жизней после хирургической коррекции. Выживание больных зависит от ранней диагностики, стабилизации состояния больного, оперативности и тактики хирургического вмешательства. Мы приводим случай успешного ушивания разрыва свободной стенки ЛЖ на 15-е сутки от острого инфаркта миокарда

T regulatory lymphocytes and FoxP3 nuclear translocation in various adipose tissue depots in patients with coronary artery disease

T regulatory lymphocytes (Treg) are present is adipose tissue. Their frequency, as well as the level of FoxP3 nuclear translocation, in epicardial and thymus adipose tissue remains unexplored. Properties of adiposeresident Tregs may be of high significance in patients with coronary artery disease as potential pathophysiological factor in the development of atherosclerosis. The aim of the study was to compare frequency of FoxP3+Tregs and FoxP3 nuclear translocation in epicardial, thymus, subcutaneous adipose tissue and peripheral blood in patients with coronary artery disease. A pilot study was conducted in 11 patients with coronary artery disease scheduled for the coronary artery bypass graft surgery after prior selective coronary angiography. Frequency of CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+ and CD4+CD25loFoxP3+ lymphocytes and FoxP3 nuclear translocation were evaluated by imaging flow cytometry in peripheral blood and in stromal vascular fraction of epicardial, subcutaneous and thymus adipose tissue. Frequencies of CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+ and CD4+CD25loFoxP3+ lymphocytes were higher in epicardial adipose tissue compared to blood (3 and 5 times higher, p = 0.020); CD4+CD25loFoxP3+ cells frequency in subcutaneous adipose tissue was 4 times higher than in blood (p = 0.028). The level of FoxP3 nuclear translocation was the highest in blood and decreased in epicardial, subcutaneous and thymus adipose tissue (p = 0.020 both for CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+ and CD4+CD25loFoxP3+ lymphocytes). Frequency of CD4+CD25loFoxP3+ cells was directly related to age in thymus (rs = 0.818; p = 0.002), and inversely in epicardial adipose tissue (rs = -0.618; p = 0.043). Frequencies of CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+ and CD4+CD25loFoxP3+ with FoxP3 nuclear translocation in subcutaneous adipose tissue negatively correlated with age (rs = -0.827; p = 0.002 and rs = -0.648; p = 0.031, respectively). Frequency of CD4+CD25loFoxP3+ cells with FoxP3 nuclear translocation in thymus adipose tissue negatively correlated with waist-to-hip ratio (rs = -0.700; p = 0.016). The severity of atherosclerosis was related only to the frequency of CD4+CD25loFoxP3+ cells in subcutaneous adipose tissue (rs = -0.655; p = 0.029). Thus, epicardial and subcutaneous adipose tissue are enriched with Tregs, but factors that influence Treg accumulation and FoxP3 nuclear translocation in these fat depots may be different. The obtained results may further be used for personalized immunomodulatory therapy in patients with atherosclerosis

Магнитно-резонансная томографическая оценка абдоминальной жировой ткани и состояние брюшной аорты у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца: связь с нарушениями метаболизма

Aim. To evaluate potential associations between quantitative features of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) and anthropometric characteristics of obesity, metabolic disorders, and the state of the abdominal aorta in patients with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD).Materials and methods. The study included 55 patients (average age 61.2 ± 7.2 years) with chronic CAD. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on a 1.5 T MRI scanner using T2-weighted spin-echo modes. The area and volume of abdominal subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were calculated at the L4–L5 level; the total volumes of abdominal SAT and VAT were determined. Parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as adipokine profile were studied in the blood serum.Results. In the course of a multiple linear regression analysis, we detected the independent determinants, which described 95% of the total VAT volume variability and were represented by waist circumference (WC) and serum levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and adiponectin. The model was characterized by the significance level p &lt; 0.000001, the residuals of the model were normal. We calculated the coefficients in the model: 1.39 for WC, –0.26 for HDL cholesterol, and –0.19 for adiponectin. We detected a positive correlation between the abdominal aorta (AA) diameter and SAT area at the L4–L5 level (rs = 0.48; p = 0.0014), which does not depend on gender, and reverse correlations between the aorta diameter and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level (rs = –0.40; p = 0.0359) and postprandial glycemia (rs = –0.40; p = 0.0273). The patients with a dilated aorta (group 2), when compared with the patients with a normal aorta diameter (group 1), did not differ in the AT accumulation, but demonstrated decreased levels of HbA1c and postprandial glycemia, which resulted in a smaller number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Conclusion. We identified independent determinants of an increase in the total volume of abdominal visceral AT, such as an increase in WC and a decrease in serum adiponectin and HDL cholesterol levels. Results of the study indicate the presence of a link between the AA remodeling, accumulation of subcutaneous AT, and impaired glucose metabolism.Цель. Изучение потенциальных взаимосвязей количественных характеристик висцеральной и подкожной жировых тканей (ЖТ) с антропометрическими показателями ожирения, нарушениями метаболизма и состоянием брюшного отдела аорты у пациентов с хронической ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС).Материалы и методы. В исследовании приняли участие 55 пациентов (средний возраст 61,2 ± 7,2 лет) с хронической ИБС. Магнитно-резонансную томографию выполняли на 1,5 Т магнитно-резонансном томографе в Т2-взвешенных спин-эхо режимах. Расчет площади и объема абдоминальных подкожной (ПЖТ) и висцеральной ЖТ (ВЖТ) проводился на уровне L4–L5, а также измерялся общий объем абдоминальных ПЖТ и ВЖТ. В сыворотке крови исследовали показатели липидного и углеводного метаболизма и состояние адипокинового профиля.Результаты. В ходе множественного линейного регрессионного анализа установлены независимые детерминанты вариабельности общего объема абдоминальной ВЖТ, которые описывают 95% вариабельности этого показателя: окружность талии (ОТ), содержание в крови холестерола липопротеинов высокой плотности (ХС-ЛВП) и адипонектина. Уровень значимости модели составил p &lt; 0,000001, остатки модели нормальны. Оценки коэффициентов в модели для: ОТ – 1,39; ХС-ЛВП – 0,26 и адипонектина – 0,19. Документированы корреляционные взаимосвязи диаметра абдоминальной аорты (АА): прямая – с площадью ПЖТ L4–L5 (rs = 0,48; p = 0,0014), что не зависит от пола, и обратные – с уровнем гликированного гемоглобина (HbA1c) (rs = –0,40; p = 0,0359) и постпрандиальной гликемией (rs = –0,40; p = 0,0273). В сравнении с пациентами, имеющими нормальные значения диаметра АА (группа 1), у пациентов с расширенной АА (группа 2) не было значимых различий накопления ЖТ, но имел место более низкий уровень HbA1c и поспрандиальной гликемии, что определялось меньшим числом пациентов с сахарным диабетом типа 2.Заключение. Установлены независимые детерминанты возрастания общего объема абдоминальной висцеральной ЖТ, которыми являются: увеличение окружности талии и сниженные значения содержания в крови адипонектина и ХС-ЛВП. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о наличии взаимосвязи между процессами ремоделирования АА, накоплением подкожной абдоминальной ЖТ и нарушениями метаболизма глюкозы

ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ВЫХАЖИВАНИЯ НОВОРОЖДЕННЫХ ДЕТЕЙ С НЕОНАТАЛЬНЫМИ ТРОМБОЗАМИ

Increase in the incidence of neonatal thromboses is associated not only with the possibility for women characterized by tendency to high thrombosis to carry pregnancy, but also with the increase in enforced use of invasive treatment methods, such as catheterization of central and peripheral veins and umbilical vessels. This article is aimed at bringing peculiarities of epidemiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis, clinical manifestations and treatment of neonatal thromboses to the attention of practicing physicians. The article present tactics of treating 4 children with thrombi of varying genesis and localization based on clinical observations. The decision to start heparin therapy is made on the individual basis depending on the child's maturity at birth, thrombus localization, presence or absence of complications and nature of the concurrent pathology. The given clinical cases informatively demonstrate reasonability of a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosing and treating patients with this pathology, the need in strict selection of doses of the used drugs and continuous monitoring of coagulogram parameters in the setting of the therapy. Увеличение частоты тромбозов у новорожденных связано не только с возможностью вынашивания беременности женщинами, которые страдают заболеваниями, характеризующимися склонностью к повышенному тромбообразованию, но также в связи с ростом вынужденного использования инвазивных методов лечения, таких как катетеризация центральных и периферических вен, пупочных сосудов. Целью данной статьи является ознакомление практических врачей с особенностями эпидемиологии, патогенеза, диагностики, а также клиническими проявлениями и лечением тромбозов у новорожденных. На основе клинических наблюдений представлена тактика лечения 4 детей с тромбами различного генеза и локализации. Решение о применении гепаринотерапии рассматривается индивидуально для каждого ребенка в зависимости от степени зрелости при рождении, локализации тромба, наличия или отсутствия осложнений, а также характера сопутствующей патологии. Приведенные клинические примеры наглядно демонстрируют обоснованность мультидисциплинарного подхода к диагностике и лечению больных с данной патологией, необходимость строгого подбора доз применяемых препаратов и постоянного мониторинга показателей коагулограммы на фоне терапии

Macrophages in epicardial adipose tissue and serum NT-proBNP in patients with stable coronary artery disease

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is widely considered a chronic inflammatory disorder, and dysfunction of epicardial adipose tissue could be an important source of the inflammation. Amino-terminal fragment of pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a known marker of cardiovascular disorders of cardiac origin. Recent studies show that inflammatory stimuli may influence its secretion. Our purpose was to evaluate NT-proBNP serum concentration in relation to immune cell ratios in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), and cytokine levels in the patients with stable CAD. Patients with stable CAD and heart failure classified into classes II–III, according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) scale, scheduled for the coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, were recruited into the study (n = 10; 59.5 (53.0-65.0) y. o.; 50% males). The EAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) specimens were harvested in the course of CABG surgery. Immunostaining with anti-CD68, anti-CD45, antiIL-1β and anti-TNFα monoclonal antibodies was performed to evaluate cell composition by differential counts per ten fields (400 magnification). Fasting venous blood was obtained from patients before CABG. Blood was centrifuged at 1500g, aliquots were collected and stored frozen at -40 °С until final analysis. Concentrations of NT-proBNP, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNFα were determined in serum samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We have found increased production of IL-1β and TNFα cytokines in EAT compared to SAT. Concentrations of NT-proBNP exceeded 125 pg/ml in 4 patients, and correlations between the CD68+ macrophage counts in both EAT and SAT samples (rs = 0.762; p = 0.010 and rs = 0.835; p = 0.003, respectively). NT-proBNP levels showed positive relations with CD45+ leukocyte counts (rs = 0.799; p = 0.006), and with IL-1β+ cell numbers (rs = 0.705; p = 0.023) in EAT samples only. As for the serum biomarkers, NT-proBNP levels showed negative correlation with fasting glucose levels (rs = -0.684; p = 0.029), and positive correlation with serum IL-6 concentrations (rs = 0.891; p = 0.001). Increased serum concentrations of NT-proBNP in CAD patients correlate with accumulation of macrophages in EAT, which is associated with increased production of IL-1β in EAT and correlates with some metabolic parameters