904 research outputs found
Raising Skepticisms on the Feasibility of Algorithmic Tacit Collusion
Advances in artificial intelligence accelerate the digitization of pricing in various industry domains, from home appliances to hotels. At the same time, economic theories and legal cases claim that the advances benefit some players through synchronous algorithmic pricing, so-called Algorithmic Tacit Collusion (ATC). However, the previous studies rely on artificial intelligenceās broad collusion mechanisms in various pricing scenarios. The paper unravels the mixture of ATC problems by specifying the algorithmic pricing context in platform providersā oligopoly and adjusting the underlying assumptions to the context. Our simulation of Iterative Prisonerās Dilemma (IPD) games with various heterogeneous pricing algorithms show that ATC emerges in rare conditions (i.e., algorithm and information symmetries). Our findings suggest that understanding the technology and business architectures should precede deriving the theories of ATC and implementing the legal cases and policies of digitization for the next generationās pricing
Nearly Massless Electrons in the Silicon Interface with a Metal Film
We demonstrate the realization of nearly massless electrons in the most
widely used device material, silicon, at the interface with a metal film. Using
angle-resolved photoemission, we found that the surface band of a monolayer
lead film drives a hole band of the Si inversion layer formed at the interface
with the film to have nearly linear dispersion with an effective mass about 20
times lighter than bulk Si and comparable to graphene. The reduction of mass
can be accounted for by repulsive interaction between neighboring bands of the
metal film and Si substrate. Our result suggests a promising way to take
advantage of massless carriers in silicon-based thin-film devices, which can
also be applied for various other semiconductor devices.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review
Letter
In-situ fabrication of cobalt-doped SrFe2As2 thin films by using pulsed laser deposition with excimer laser
The remarkably high superconducting transition temperature and upper critical
field of iron(Fe)-based layered superconductors, despite ferromagnetic material
base, open the prospect for superconducting electronics. However, success in
superconducting electronics has been limited because of difficulties in
fabricating high-quality thin films. We report the growth of high-quality
c-axis-oriented cobalt(Co)-doped SrFe2As2 thin films with bulk
superconductivity by using an in-situ pulsed laser deposition technique with a
248-nm-wavelength KrF excimer laser and an arsenic(As)-rich phase target. The
temperature and field dependences of the magnetization showing strong
diamagnetism and transport critical current density with superior Jc-H
performance are reported. These results provide necessary information for
practical applications of Fe-based superconductors.Comment: 8 pages, 3figures. to be published at Appl. Phys. Let
Experimental Study on the Acellular Demal Matrix Graft for the Root Coverage in Dog
Mucogingival surgery is a plastic surgical procedure designed to correct defects in the morphology, position, and dimensions of the gingiva surrounding the teeth. Many surgical techniques have been reported in mucogingival surgery. Since these procedures also include the soft tissue esthetic approach, the term periodontal plastic surgery has been proposed to be more appropriate.1 Root coverage is a procedure that falls with this definition, and it has attracted more interest than others
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