Vieillissement normal de la production de la parole

Tableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2015-2016Plusieurs études ont démontré que le vieillissement affecte la production de la parole. Il existe toutefois peu de données sur les facteurs qui influencent la production de parole chez les ainés. Le but de ce mémoire était d’explorer les facteurs linguistiques et physiologiques pouvant affecter la production de la parole dans le vieillissement normal. La complexité séquentielle a été le facteur principalement étudié. Dans le cadre de deux études, 136 participants âgés de 18 à 93 ans ont produit des séquences de syllabes et d’autres mouvements fins. Les résultats de l’Étude 1 démontrent que la complexité séquentielle affecte la production de parole et de mouvements oro-faciaux dans le vieillissement. Les résultats de l’Étude 2 démontrent que la production de parole dans le vieillissement est affectée par la complexité articulatoire et par l’endurance des lèvres. Ces deux études clarifient les facteurs affectant la production de la parole lors du vieillissement normal.Several studies have shown that speech production decline with age. However, the factors that affect speech production in aging are not fully understood. The aim of this masters’ thesis was to explore impacts of several linguistic and physiological factors on speech production. Sequential complexity was the main factor explored. In the context of two studies, 136 participants aged between 18 and 93 years old produced sequences of syllables and others finely controlled movements. Many physiological measures were evaluated. The results of the first study show an impact of sequential complexity on the production of speech and oro-facial movements in aging. Results of the second study show that articulatory complexity and lip endurance impact speech production in older adults. These results clarify the effect of normal aging on speech production

The neurobiology of speech perception decline in aging

Speech perception difficulties are common amongst elderlies; yet the underlying neural mechanisms are still poorly understood. New empirical evidence suggesting that brain senescence may be an important contributor to these difficulties have challenged the traditional view that peripheral hearing loss was the main factor in the aetiology of these difficulties. Here we investigated the relationship between structural and functional brain senescence and speech perception skills in aging. Following audiometric evaluations, participants underwent MRI while performing a speech perception task at different intelligibility levels. As expected, with age speech perception declined, even after controlling for hearing sensitivity using an audiological measure (pure tone averages), and a bioacoustical measure (DPOAEs recordings). Our results reveal that the core speech network, centered on the supratemporal cortex and ventral motor areas bilaterally, decreased in spatial extent in older adults. Importantly, our results also show that speech skills in aging are affected by changes in cortical thickness and in brain functioning. Age-independent intelligibility effects were found in several motor and premotor areas, including the left ventral premotor cortex and the right SMA. Agedependent intelligibility effects were also found, mainly in sensorimotor cortical areas, and in the left dorsal anterior insula. In this region, changes in BOLD signal had an effect on the relationship of age to speech perception skills suggesting a role for this region in maintaining speech perception in older ages perhaps by. These results provide important new insights into the neurobiology of speech perception in aging

Speech production in aging

The manner and extent to which normal aging affects the ability to speak are not fully understood. While age-related changes in voice fundamental frequency and intensity have been documented, changes affecting the planning and articulation of speech are less well understood. In the present study, 76 healthy, cognitively normal participants aged between 18 and 93 years old were asked to produce auditorily and visually triggered sequences of finely controlled movements (speech, oro-facial, and manual movement). These sequences of movements were either (1) simple, in which at least two of the three movements were the same, or (2) complex, in which three different movements were produced. For each of the resulting experimental condition, accuracy was calculated. The results show that, for speech and oro-facial movements, accuracy declined as a function of age and complexity. For these movements, the negative effect of complexity on performance accuracy increased with age. No aging or complexity effects were found for the manual movements on accuracy, but a significant slowing of movement was found, particularly for the complex sequences. These results demonstrate that there is a significant deterioration of fine motor control in normal aging across different response modalities

Speech production in elderly adults

Objectives To explore age differences in speech production in relation to orofacial physiology. Design Cross‐sectional quasi‐experimental group study. Setting General community. Participants Physically and cognitively healthy volunteers recruited from the community (N = 30), including 15 young (18–39) and 15 older (66–85) adults. Measurements Accuracy and speech rate were calculated during the production of sequences of syllables containing oral vowels, nasal vowels, or both. Lip and tongue muscular strength, muscular endurance, and tactile sensitivity were also measured. Results Older adults had a slower speech rate than younger adults and greater difficulty articulating nasal vowels. Analyses revealed that age‐related decline in lip endurance is associated with decline in accuracy during speech production. Conclusion Older adults are not just slower than younger adults, they also exhibit specific articulatory difficulties. Although many physiological changes in orofacial functions occur in aging, only muscular endurance of the lips is related to age‐related differences in speech production. This information is important for the development of speech interventions targeting older adults with speech motor disorders

Speech motor control in aging: aging of the effects of sequencing and articulatory complexity

International audienc

Functional and structural brain aging and speech perception: new evidence

International audienc

Functional and structural brain aging and speech perception: new evidence

International audienc

Functional and structural aging of the cortical system underlying speech production

International audienc

The neurobiology of speech perception decline in aging

Speech perception difficulties are common among elderlies; yet the underlying neural mechanisms are still poorly understood. New empirical evidence suggesting that brain senescence may be an important contributor to these difficulties has challenged the traditional view that peripheral hearing loss was the main factor in the etiology of these difficulties. Here, we investigated the relationship between structural and functional brain senescence and speech perception skills in aging. Following audiometric evaluations, participants underwent MRI while performing a speech perception task at different intelligibility levels. As expected, with age speech perception declined, even after controlling for hearing sensitivity using an audiological measure (pure tone averages), and a bioacoustical measure (DPOAEs recordings). Our results reveal that the core speech network, centered on the supratemporal cortex and ventral motor areas bilaterally, decreased in spatial extent in older adults. Importantly, our results also show that speech skills in aging are affected by changes in cortical thickness and in brain functioning. Age-independent intelligibility effects were found in several motor and premotor areas, including the left ventral premotor cortex and the right supplementary motor area (SMA). Age-dependent intelligibility effects were also found, mainly in sensorimotor cortical areas, and in the left dorsal anterior insula. In this region, changes in BOLD signal modulated the relationship between age and speech perception skills suggesting a role for this region in maintaining speech perception in older ages. These results provide important new insights into the neurobiology of speech perception in aging