29 research outputs found
Characterization and antibiotic susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from poultry and red meat in Morocco
This study was carried out on 426 samples of raw meats collected from butcheries and supermarkets in Casablanca, Morocco. The samples were examined for the occurrence of Listeria species. Strains of Listeria monocytogenes were characterized by several biochemical tests and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). ÎČ-hemolytic cultures and nonhemolytic isolates were tested for biochemical properties with the Listeria API test. Among the 43 Listeria species isolates; we identified 10 strains for L. monocytogenes (23.3%), 31 strains for L. innocua (72.1%) and 2 strains for L. welshimeri (4.6%). Strains of L. monocytogenes were separated by multiplex PCR; two serogroups IIb and IVb were thus differentiated. Antibiotic susceptibility of L. monocytogenes to 21 antibiotics was determined by the disk diffusion method. All isolates were susceptible to a wide range of the tested antibiotics with the exception of nalidixic acid, colistine and cephalosporins second and third generation for which they were all resistant
Roles of VP35, VP40 and VP24 Proteins of Ebola Virus in Pathogenic and Replication Mechanisms
Ebola epidemic is a fatal disease due to Ebola virus belonging to Filoviridae; currently the viral evolution caused more than 50% of death worldwide. Among the eight proteins of ZEBOV, there are four structural proteins VP35, VP40, VP24, and NP, which have important functions in the intercellular pathogenic mechanisms. The multiâfunctionality of Ebola\u27s viral proteins allows the virus to reduce its protein number to ensure its proper functioning and keeping the compact structure of the virus. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to study the mechanism of replication and the roles of VP30, VP35, NP, and L in this process. We provide as well to highlight the influence of the virus on the immune system and on the VP24
Ebola Virusâs Glycoproteins and Entry Mechanism
Ebola virus glycoprotein (GP) is the only protein that is expressed on the surface of the virus. The GP proteins play critical roles in the entry of virus into cell and in the evasion of the immune system. The GP gene transcript to membrane GP is constituted of two subunits GP1 and GP2, and the secretory GP (sGP). The main function of GP1/2 is to attach virus to target cellâs membrane, whereas sGP has multiple functions on Ebola pathogenesis, such as inactivate neutrophils through CD16b causing lymphocyte apoptosis and vascular dysregulation. There are many studies that focused on better understanding the GP mechanism and aim at developing new antibodies and drugs such as VSV-EBOV, cAd3-EBO Z, rVSVN4CT1 VesiculoVax, âC-peptideâ based on the GP2 C-heptad repeat region (CHR) targeted to endosomes (Tat-Ebo) and MBX2270. In this chapter, we discuss the Ebola viral glycoproteins, genomic organization, synthesis, and their roles and functions. On the other hand, we treat the mechanisms of pathogenicity associated with Ebola GPs
Awareness and knowledge regarding of cervical cancer, Pap smear screening and human papillomavirus infection in Gabonese women
Infection par le Virus du Papillome Humain « HPV » et le cancer du col de lâutĂ©rus
Au plan mondial, le cancer du col de l'utérus est responsable d'environ 230 000 décÚs et 500 000 nouveaux cas par an (80% dans les pays en développement) d'aprÚs le Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'OMS.AprÚs le cancer du sein, le cancer du col de l'utérus représente le deuxiÚme cancer chez la population féminine marocaine et constitue par conséquent un véritable problÚme de santé publique. De nombreuses études épidémiologiques et moléculaires ont pu mettre en évidence l'association entre le cancer du col utérin et l'infection par le Virus du Papillome Humain (HPV). En effet, ce virus a été retrouvé dans 90 à 100% des lésions précancéreuses et cancéreuses du col utérin. Un vaccin prophylactique qui permettrait de protéger contre les infections à HPV16 et 18, donc de préveni les 2/3 des cancers du col de l'utérus a été récemment mis sur le marché
Diagnostic moléculaire par RT-PCR de la grippe équine au Maroc
Twenty-four nasopharyngeal swabs from suspect horses with equine influenza, taken from the Casablanca region, were analyzed by RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction) to research for the gene encoding the matrix protein M of equine influenza virus. The aim of this article is to check the specificity of each methods: RT-PCRq (real time) and conventional RT-PCR (classic), in order to confirm their correct application and comparison of their analytical sensitivity. The results of the sensitivity confirmed the high sensitivity of RT-PCRq detecting the virus diluting at 5.10.4 (viral charging: 150DCPE50/100ÎŒl), while the classical RT-PCR revealed a detection limit at the dilution 5.10-3 (viral Charging: 1,5.103DCPE50/100”l). Due to its high sensitivity, RT-PCRq was used to test the 24 swabs from horses with suspected equine influenza whose results were negative. However, the simultaneous amplification of a sequence of the gene Beta-actin specific equine increases the reliability of our results by the RT-PCRq inhibition control.Vingt quatre Ă©couvillons naso-pharyngiens issus de chevaux suspects atteints de la grippe Ă©quine, prĂ©levĂ©s dans la rĂ©gion de Casablanca, ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s par la technique RT- PCR (Reverse transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction» pour la recherche du gĂšne codant la protĂ©ine de la matrice M des virus dâinfluenza Ă©quins. Lâobjectif du prĂ©sent article, est la vĂ©rification de la spĂ©cificitĂ© de deux mĂ©thodes RT-PCRq (= RT-PCR quantitative = RT-PCR en temps rĂ©el) et la RT-PCR conventionnelle ou classique dans le but de confirmer leur application correcte et la comparaison de leur sensibilitĂ© analytique. Les rĂ©sultats de la sensibilitĂ© ont confirmĂ© la haute sensibilitĂ© de la RT-PCR en temps rĂ©el dĂ©tectant le virus portĂ© Ă une dilution de 5.10-4 (Charge virale de 150DECP50/100ÎŒL), tandis que la PCR classique, a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© un seuil de dĂ©tection au niveau de la dilution 5.10-3 (Charge virale de 1,5.103 DECP50/100ÎŒL). Vu sa haute sensibilitĂ©, la RT-PCRq a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e pour tester les 24 prĂ©lĂšvements de chevaux suspects atteints de la grippe Ă©quine dont les rĂ©sultats Ă©taient nĂ©gatifs. Toutefois, lâamplification simultanĂ©e dâune sĂ©quence du gĂšne BĂ©ta-actine spĂ©cifique des Ă©quidĂ©s augmente la fiabilitĂ© de nos rĂ©sultats par un contrĂŽle dâinhibition de la RT-PCRq
Ăvaluation de la primo- vaccination contre le virus influenza Ă©quin (H3N8) au Maroc
The present work is to evaluate the humoral response provided by two injections of primary vaccination (day 0 and day 28) recombinant vaccine in 31 seronegative equids against equine influenza (9 horses, 16 donkeys and 6 mules), of which eight sets of blood samples were performed weekly. After centrifugation, the sera obtained were analyzed by the hemagglutination inhibition test. The results of the follow of the variation in antibodies showed that the primary vaccination of recombinant vaccine provides a protective humoral response against equine influenza for the three species studied. The protective antibody levels well above the range of vaccine protection adopted by several authors (1 / 20, 1 / 40).  Antibody production exceeds the title of 1 / 20 (> 4log2) in less than a week and to the maximum immunity from the 14 to 21 day of the first injection of the primary vaccination. The mules have increased antibody titers of 2 log2 after the second injection. For all equines tested the antibody titer remained high two months after primary vaccination (1/64 or (8 log 2)).Le prĂ©sent travail consiste Ă Â Ă©valuer la rĂ©ponse humorale procurĂ©e par deux injections de primo-vaccination  (J0 et J28) dâun vaccin recombinant chez 31 Ă©quidĂ©s sĂ©ronĂ©gatifs pour la grippe Ă©quine (9 chevaux, 16 Ăąnes et 6 mulets), sur lesquels  huit sĂ©ries de prĂ©lĂšvements sanguins ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s. Les sĂ©rums ainsi obtenus sont analysĂ©s par le test dâinhibition de lâhĂ©magglutination. Les rĂ©sultats de la cinĂ©tique dâanticorps anti-hĂ©magglutinine (H3) ont montrĂ©  que la primo-vaccination par le vaccin recombinant confĂšre une rĂ©ponse humorale protectrice contre la grippe Ă©quine pour les trois espĂšces Ă©tudiĂ©es, les titres dâanticorps protecteurs dĂ©passent largement lâintervalle de protection vaccinale (1/20, 1/40). La production dâanticorps dĂ©passe le titre de 1/20 (> 4log2) en moins dâune  semaine et lâimmunitĂ© est obtenue Ă Â son maximum Ă partir des 14 Ă 21 jours de la premiĂšre injection de la primo-vaccination. Les mulets ont augmentĂ© leurs titres en anticorps de 2 log2 aprĂšs la deuxiĂšme injection. Pour lâensemble des Ă©quidĂ©s testĂ©s le titre dâanticorps est maintenu Ă©levĂ© deux mois aprĂšs la primo- vaccination (1/64 ou (8 log2))