Aerobna mikroflora čovječjih ribica (Proteus anguinus) s prirodnih staništa i onih poplavama izbačenih na površinu u Hrvatskoj

Proteus anguinus (olm) is an amphibian endemic to underground cave systems of the Dinaric karst of Central Europe, adapted to a life in complete darkness. Recent studies have demonstrated the global decline of amphibians due to poorly understood microbiological diseases, emphasizing just how little is known about the natural microflora of amphibians. Not much is known about the olm’s microbiota in their cave habitats, and nothing is known about the microbiology of animals washed to the surface. This observational study describes the microbiological analysis of the skin, cloaca and oral cavity of six olms collected from their cave habitats, and 16 collected after being washed out by flows from two springs, to learn more about the olm’s normal microbiota and possible changes after contact with the different environmental conditions on the surface. Standard microbiological procedures, MALDI-TOF and Real-Time PCR were used for microbiological species identification. All animals tested negative for Ranavirus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans and Chlamydia spp. The most abundant fungi isolated were Penicillium spp. and Cladosporium spp. The washed out animals showed a higher diversity of bacterial flora than those from cave habitats, with Acinetobacter johnsonii, Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus spp. and Janthinobacterium lividum as the most frequently identified isolates.Proteus anguinus (čovječja ribica) endemski je vodozemac podzemnih voda Dinarskog krša središnje Europe, prilagođen životu u potpunoj tami. Novija su istraživanja pokazala globalno smanjenje populacije vodozemaca, prvenstveno zbog nedovoljno istraženih bolesti, ističući manjkavo poznavanje mikroflore vodozemaca. Ne zna se mnogo ni o mikroflori čovječjih ribica s njihovih prirodnih staniša, a podataka o mikrobiologiji jedinki poplavama izbačenih na površinu uopće nema. Ovim opservacijskim istraživanjem dobiveni su rezultati mikrobiološke analize kože, kloake i usne šupljine šest čovječjih ribica s njihovih prirodnih staništa, te 16 jedinki prikupljenih nakon što su poplavama izbačene na površinu iz dvaju izvora. Željelo se saznati više o normalnoj mikroflori čovječjih ribica i o mogućim promjenama mikroflore nakon dodira životinja s različitim vanjskim utjecajima na površini. Identifikacija mikroba obavljena je standardnim mikrobiološkim metodama, te tehnikama MALDI-TOF i Real-Time PCR. Ni u jedne životinje nisu izolirani Ranavirus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans ni Chlamydia spp. Među gljivicama, najzastupljenije su bile Penicillium spp. i Cladosporium spp. U životinja izbačenih na površinu bakterijska je flora bila znatno raznolikija negoli u onih s prirodnih staništa, pri čemu su najzastupljeniji izolati bili Acinetobacter johnsonii, Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus spp. i Janthinobacterium lividum

Survival of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Water: Quarantine and Disease Control Implications

Amphibian chytridiomycosis is an emerging infectious disease of amphibians thought to be moved between countries by trade in infected amphibians. The causative fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, produces aquatic, motile zoospores; infections have been achieved in experiments by exposing amphibians to water containing zoospores. However, the ability of this fungus to survive in the environment in the absence of an amphibian host is unknown. We show that B. dendrobatidis will survive in tap water and in deionized water for 3 and 4 weeks, respectively. In lake water, infectivity was observed for 7 weeks after introduction. The knowledge that water can remain infective for up to 7 weeks is important for the formulation of disease control and quarantine strategies for the management of water that has been in contact with amphibians

Cutaneus myxosporidiasis in the Australian green tree frog (Litoria caerulea)

This case is reported with the intention of highlighting the presentation of cutaneous myxosporidiasis in Australian tree frog (Litoria caerulea) caused by genus Myxobolus. The morphology and morphometric characteristic of the spores were determined using light microscopy and differential interference contrast microscopy. Spores were pyriform in shape in frontal view and oval in lateral view, and the average size was respectively 11.4 × 6.0 × 4.5 μm (12.1 − 9.5 × 6.3 − 5.4 × 5.0 − 4.1 μm). To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case of skin invasion caused by myxosporeans in amphibians

Diagnostic Performance of Rapid Antigen Testing for SARS-CoV-2: The COVid-19 AntiGen (COVAG) study

Background Rapid diagnostic testing for SARS-Cov-2 antigens is used to combat the ongoing pandemic. In this study we aimed to compare two RDTs, the SD Biosensor Q SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Antigen Test (Roche) and the Panbio COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test (Abbott), against rRT-PCR. Methods We included 2,215 all-comers at a diagnostic center between February 1 and March 31, 2021. rRT-PCR-positive samples were examined for SARS-CoV-2 variants. Findings Three hundred and thirty eight participants (15%) were rRT-PCR-positive for SARS-CoV-2. The sensitivities of Roche-RDT and Abbott-RDT were 60.4 and 56.8% ( P < 0.0001) and specificities 99.7% and 99.8% ( P = 0.076). Sensitivity inversely correlated with rRT-PCR-Ct values. The RDTs had higher sensitivities in individuals referred by treating physicians (79.5%, 78.7%) than in those referred by health departments (49.5%, 44.3%) or tested for other reasons (50%, 45.8%), in persons without any comorbidities (74.4%, 71%) compared to those with comorbidities (38.2%, 34.4%), in individuals with COVID-19 symptoms (75.2%, 74.3%) compared to those without (31.9%, 23.3%), and in the absence of SARS-CoV-2 variants (87.7%, 84%) compared to Alpha variant carriers (77.1%, 72.3%). If 10,000 symptomatic individuals are tested of which 500 are truly positive, the RDTs would generate 38 false-positive and 124 false-negative results. If 10,000 asymptomatic individuals are tested, including 50 true positives, 18 false-positives and 34 false-negatives would be generated. Interpretation The sensitivities of the two RDTs for asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers are unsatisfactory. Their widespread use may not be effective in the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The virus genotype influences the sensitivity of the two RDTs. RDTs should be evaluated for different SARS-CoV-2 variants

Emerging Pathogen in Wild Amphibians and Frogs (Rana catesbeiana) Farmed for International Trade

Chytridiomycosis is an emerging disease responsible for global decline and extinction of amphibians. We report the causative agent, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, in North American bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) farmed for the international restaurant trade. Our findings suggest that international trade may play a key role in the global dissemination of this and other emerging infectious diseases in wildlife

Origin of the Amphibian Chytrid Fungus

Histologic evidence indicates southern Africa as the origin of the amphibian chytrid fungus

Gümnaasiumi-õpetajate I kongress :3., 4. ja 5. aprillil 1929. a. Tallinnas

Digiteeritud Euroopa Regionaalarengu Fondi rahastusel, projekti "Eesti teadus- ja õppekirjandus" (2014-2020.12.03.21-0848) raames.https://www.ester.ee/record=b1400823*es

Türkiyeli göçmenler '' Getto ve Konut'' : bFransa ve Almanya'nın orta büyüklükteki iki şehrinden örnekler

Donated by Klaus KreiserReprinted from in : Diğerleri'nin Konut Sorunları : TMMOB Mimarlar Odası, 1996