Oral health status and salivary IgA concentration and in type 1 diabetic patients

Objective: This study was performed to study the relationship between salivary IgA concentrations in normal individuals, early onset type 1 D.M patients and the oral health status. Also to correlate the salivary IgA concentration with the salivary flow rate, dental caries, gingivitis and age of diabetic patients. Materials and Method: Sixty individuals were included in this study, divided into 2 groups , 1st group 12 normal healthy non-diabetic individuals. while the second group 48 patients is divided into 2 sub groups , 24 each treated by insulin injections and the subgroup early diagnosed patients considered as untreated type 1 group, to monitor salivary IgA concentration, salivary flow rate, and serum glucose level Results & Conclusions: Negative correlations were found between salivary IgA concentration and salivary flow rate and age. Positive correlations were seen with blood glucose concentration, dental caries, and gingivitis. Salivary IgA concentration in the total diabetic groups was higher than the normal non-diabetic group, and the difference was highly significant, while no significant difference was seen in the salivary IgA concentration between the males and the females in both groups. The diabetic patients showed lower salivary flow rate, and more caries and gingivitis than the normal non-diabetic patients

Experimental oral candidiasis in wistar rat model

The human oral cavity is a unique ecological niche because it is constantly bathed in saliva, a biological fluid with antifungal and antibacterial activity. In addition, the constant salivary flushing action mechanically inhibits the accumulation of microorganisms in various oral niches. The rat model is well proven for observing oral candidal colonization and infection, due to the ease of breeding, handling and their ready availability. Candida  is a normal commensal of mucous membrane of human mouth. One of the most prevalent manifestations of oral candidiasis is candida- induced denture stomatitis. A major virulence factor of candida albicans is its ability to adapt to different environments, the resulting is formation of surface-attached microbial communities known as biofilms. The treatment of mucosal infections caused by candida and the elucidation of the disease is challenging

Phytotherapy and oral health

Phytotherapy is the use of extracts from natural origin as medicines or healthpromoting agents. The use of medicinal herbs in the treatment of a variety of ailments is beneficial and efficient (Jaikaria et al., 2016). Many different herbal plants can be used to extract phytotherapeutic chemicals, which are thought to offer a wide range of therapeutic effects and fewer adverse effects than synthetic medications. A significant contribution to pharmacotherapy has historically been made by natural compounds and their structural analogues. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that around 80% of people worldwide utilise traditional medicine, mostly plant extracts, for their healthcare. Due to cultural familiarity, accessibility, and price, traditional medicine has seen a resurgence in interest considering that it has been used to treat illnesses for thousands of years (Schuhladen et al., 2019)

Histopathological changes in rat model with oral candidiasis

Clinical studies indicating differences in host susceptibility to Candida biofilm-associated infections, For example, denture stomatitis, a device-associated infection in which the clinical biofilm may be both mucosal and device associated this is common in immunocompetent patients . Studies suggest that the biofilm lifestyle protects fungi from host recognition. Studies suggest that the biofilm lifestyle protects fungi from host recognition. A prominent feature of biofilm infections is infiltration of adjacent tissues by neutrophils. Neutrophils swarm into the biofilm mass in mucosal surface biofilms formed by Candida albicans ,however, their activation state within biofilms is unknown From a histopathological and diagnostic point of view, most of the lesions described in animal models have faithfully reproduced human candidal lesions

The use of intraoral camera in the assessment of students requirement (work)

The dental intra-oral camera has made a significant input in dental treatment .it allows the dentist and the patient to get a close-up look at areas of special interest in the patient's mouth.( As a dental friend once remarked... "to see is to know... to not see is to guess"). When we can "see “a defect filling on a monitor it becomes apparent what needs to be done. It then expanded in almost to be use in several clinical specialties (Haak.R2000). The biggest hurdle is patient’s acceptance treatment is that they often do not understand the dental condition affecting them. With an intraoral digital camera, patient education is simplified by being able to help the patient see what the dental professional see (Erten H, 2006). Newer intraoral cameras have USB connections, making them portable and easy to link to your existing network. With bright LED or halogen light sources, these intraoral digital cameras also allow to visualize more, helping you to diagnose carious tooth or fractured fillings which the naked eye may be mistake with, by the introduction of Intraoral cameras this is now totally possible. Dental and gingival conditions can be shown and the available dental treatment alternatives can be discussed. The bottom line is extra and intra-oral imaging is... patient can see what doctor sees". There is nothing better than having both the doctor and the patient on the same page and understand what needs to be done. These photographs help you make an informed decision on how you would like to proceed with your dental treatment. The intraoral camera is basically a video camera that can be placed in mouth is approximately the size of the dental handpiece. or dental mirror and has a light built in to the camera which illuminates the area to be examined. This camera has the ability to take a video or a series of still photographs of the area, allows displaying images on a computer monitor. The images can be saved and discussed with the patient. This exciting technology provides the knowledge needed to make important dental decisions. Patient can now participate in his own dental care; no more hidden treatment and no unknowns to deal with during dental visits. It needs an advanced and expensive technological devices and software that enables the supervisor to have a precise method of evaluation that is repeatable and applicable in different type of work and in different fields of dentistry, In addition to that, a skillful well trained staff is needed in the The Use of Intraoral Camera in the Assessment of Students Requirement (Work) 490 clinic at the time of work, whereas in this proposed project the assessment is repeatable, and could be re-evaluated again at any time and at any step of the work and by any other supervisor. In the past twenty years, most of the major technological breakthroughs in electronics have really been part of one larger breakthrough, which is converting conventional analog information (represented by a fluctuating wave) into digital information (represented by ones and zeros, or bits). This fundamental shift in technology totally changed how we handle visual and audio information; it completely redefined what is possible. The digital camera is one of the most remarkable instances of this shift because it is so truly different from its predecessor. Conventional cameras depend entirely on chemical and mechanical processes. On the other hand, all digital cameras have a built-in computer, and all of them record images electronically. Intraoral camera converts the image to the language that computers recognize bits and bytes. Essentially, a digital image is just a long string of 1s and 0s that represent all the tiny colored dots or pixels that collectively make up the image

The effect of linum usitatissimum (flax seed) and nigella sativa oil on selected oral pathogen (Comparative study)

Nowadays the people are more concerned, conscious and are more inclined to use natural products and preference change to herbal instead of synthetic medication is because of sever side effects of some materials or facing the potential risk of bacterial resistance. Bacteria and their products play an important role in the pathogenesis of polio-periapical disease. Predominant microbial groups often isolated from infected root canals are the aerobic and facultative anaerobic organisms. Linum usitatissimum (flaxseed, flax plant) Cultivated for domestic use As dietary supplement because of multitudinous effect on human health Also used to treat constipation Nigella sativa (Habbah Sawda or Habbat el Baraka) Black cumin herb Translated as seed of blessing Potent anti inflammatory, anticancer, anti infertility, anti diabetic, antimicrobial, antihistamine and anti hypertensive effect

Evaluation of the salivary flow rate and pH in patients with recurrent oral ulcers

Introductions: Recurrent oral ulcers primarily effect mucosal surfaces and are among the most common chronic inflammatory diseases. Numerous studies to find the aetiopathogenesis have been conducted however the cause still remains unclear. Saliva is of utmostimportance for oral health maintenance. In current study, saliva was used as a diagnostic tool for comparison of salivary flow rate and pH in patients suffering from recurrent oral ulcers and control group. Materials and Methods: Saliva samples taken from 20 recurrent aphthous ulcer patients and 20 control (healthy) patients using a convient sampling method. Drooling method was used to collect unstimulated whole saliva sample. Pre-weighted specimen bottles were used and then weighed after sample collection on a graduated scale where as chair-side pH meter was used to determine the salivary pH. Independent t-test and Pearson’s correlation were performed. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significance. Results: Positive correlation was found between the flow rate and pH in recurrent oral ulcer patients. Patients with recurrent oral ulcers had higher flow rate and pH compared to the control group. These effects were exaggerated in female patients with ulcers. Conclusions: Disturbances in salivary flow rate and pH were not significantly associated with recurrent oral ulcers

A retrospective study on the prevalence of dry socket in patients who attended a polyclinic for extraction

Dry socket is one of the most common post-operative complications following extraction of permanent teeth. The aetiology of dry socket is a subject of debate; it is probably multifactorial. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of dry socket following extraction of permanent teeth at Dental Polyclinic of Kulliyyah (Faculty) of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia. Retrospective reviews of records of 3,452 extractions of permanent teeth for various reasons from June 2009 to July 2012, were studied. Information regarding biography of the patient, indications for extraction, extraction site (upper or lower arch), extraction technique and procedure were retrieved and analysed. There were 3,452 dental extractions carried out within the study period. The overall prevalence of dry socket was 1.13%. The prevalence of dry socket with regard to gender was 1.3% in males, and 1% in females. The peak prevalence (2.24%) was in the group of patients aged below 20 years. The prevalence of dry socket cases recorded from surgical removal of impacted teeth group was 5.8%. Data evaluation based on site of extraction showed that the prevalence in the upper jaw was less (0.98%) than that in the lower jaw (1.26%). Following surgical extractions, the prevalence of dry socket was 6.88%, while in simple extraction, the prevalence was 0.77%. These results strongly suggest that the aetiology of dry socket is multifactorial, and that the healing potential of the patient ultimately determines the severity and duration of the condition. The incidence of dry socket was higher in male patients, age group of 21 – 30 years, extractions due to caries, extraction of lower teeth, and in surgical extractions