Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors obtained through PCA processing of the normalized S/N ratios.

<p>Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors obtained through PCA processing of the normalized S/N ratios.</p

Taguchi Design Factors and their levels.

<p>Taguchi Design Factors and their levels.</p

Theoretical framework of the Taguchi method coupled with principle component analysis (PCA).

<p>* Where P_i represents the proportion explained with the principal component</p><p>Theoretical framework of the Taguchi method coupled with principle component analysis (PCA).</p

A review of the pollen analysis of South Asian honey to identify the bee floras of the region

<p>This review focuses on previous work on honey pollen analysis (melissopalynology) to determine the bee floras of South Asian honeys. After a brief historical introduction on melissopalynology, the abundance and distribution of pollen and the nectar source for bees of specific regions are identified. With the help of 124 research papers referenced, a list of the bee flora of South Asia has been compiled, representing 750 plants serving as the pollen sources. Knowledge of bee floras of this region will prove to be significant for beekeepers during nomadic beekeeping, by increasing pollination and honey production and, hence, improving the apiculture industry of the region.</p

Enhancement of Treatment Efficiency of Recalcitrant Wastewater Containing Textile Dyes Using a Newly Developed Iron Zeolite Socony Mobil-5 Heterogeneous Catalyst

<div><p>Fenton oxidation, an advanced oxidation process, is an efficient method for the treatment of recalcitrant wastewaters. Unfortunately, it utilizes H₂O₂ and iron-based homogeneous catalysts, which lead to the formation of high volumes of sludge and secondary pollutants. To overcome these problems, an alternate option is the usage of heterogeneous catalyst. In this study, a heterogeneous catalyst was developed to provide an alternative solution for homogeneous Fenton oxidation. Iron Zeolite Socony Mobile-5 (Fe-ZSM-5) was synthesized using a new two-step process. Next, the catalyst was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis and tested against a model wastewater containing the azo dye Acid Blue 113. Results showed that the loading of iron particles reduced the surface area of the catalyst from 293.59 to 243.93 m²/g; meanwhile, the average particle size of the loaded material was 12.29 nm. Furthermore, efficiency of the developed catalyst was evaluated by performing heterogeneous Fenton oxidation. Taguchi method was coupled with principal component analysis in order to assess and optimize mineralization efficiency. Experimental results showed that under optimized conditions, over 99.7% degradation and 77% mineralization was obtained, with a 90% reduction in the consumption of the developed catalyst. Furthermore, the developed catalyst was stable and reusable, with less than 2% leaching observed under optimized conditions. Thus, the present study proved that newly developed catalyst has enhanced the oxidation process and reduced the chemicals consumption.</p></div

ANOVA analysis.

<p>ANOVA analysis.</p

L27 orthogonal design, experimental results, and Taguchi analysis for run 17 to 27.

<p>L27 orthogonal design, experimental results, and Taguchi analysis for run 17 to 27.</p

Degradation and TOC removal of mixture of dyes using Fe-ZSM-5.

<p>Degradation and TOC removal of mixture of dyes using Fe-ZSM-5.</p

Chemical Structure of Acid Blue 113.

<p>Chemical Structure of Acid Blue 113.</p

Interaction of parameters with respect to degradation.

<p>Interaction of parameters with respect to degradation.</p