Coplanar Waveguide Fed Hexagonal Shaped Slot Antenna for Breast Tumor Detection

Breast cancer diagnosis is the second most mortal diseases for women in the worldwide. Recently microwave imaging has been the diagnostic techniques applied for the detection of breast cancer, heart stroke detection, brain cancer detection. A microwave imaging system requires an antenna which operates in an ultra wide band frequency range of 3.1 – 10.6 GHz and resonates at single and multiple frequencies. A novel coplanar waveguide fed micro-strip patch antenna is designed for the breast tumor detection based microwave imaging system which is the major objective presented in this paper. The design consists of coplanar waveguide fed hexagon shaped slotted patch antenna with dimension of 25x25x1mm3 and FR4 substrate of dielectric constant 4.4. Parametric analysis is performed and it provides a wide band of 2.3 GHz – 10.7 GHz and a fractional bandwidth of 129%. The design is very suitable for breast tumor detection. It provides a reflection loss of -49.8dB at 7GHz and VSWR <2 over 2.3 GHz – 10.7GHz

Breast Cancer Classification by Gene Expression Analysis using Hybrid Feature Selection and Hyper-heuristic Adaptive Universum Support Vector Machine

Comprehensive assessments of the molecular characteristics of breast cancer from gene expression patterns can aid in the early identification and treatment of tumor patients. The enormous scale of gene expression data obtained through microarray sequencing increases the difficulty of training the classifier due to large-scale features. Selecting pivotal gene features can minimize high dimensionality and the classifier complexity with improved breast cancer detection accuracy. However, traditional filter and wrapper-based selection methods have scalability and adaptability issues in handling complex gene features. This paper presents a hybrid feature selection method of Mutual Information Maximization - Improved Moth Flame Optimization (MIM-IMFO) for gene selection along with an advanced Hyper-heuristic Adaptive Universum Support classification model Vector Machine (HH-AUSVM) to improve cancer detection rates. The hybrid gene selection method is developed by performing filter-based selection using MIM in the first stage followed by the wrapper method in the second stage, to obtain the pivotal features and remove the inappropriate ones. This method improves standard MFO by a hybrid exploration/exploitation phase to accomplish a better trade-off between exploration and exploitation phases. The classifier HH-AUSVM is formulated by integrating the Adaptive Universum learning approach to the hyper- heuristics-based parameter optimized SVM to tackle the class samples imbalance problem. Evaluated on breast cancer gene expression datasets from Mendeley Data Repository, this proposed MIM-IMFO gene selection-based HH-AUSVM classification approach provided better breast cancer detection with high accuracies of 95.67%, 96.52%, 97.97% and 95.5% and less processing time of 4.28, 3.17, 9.45 and 6.31 seconds, respectively

INVESTIGATION ON IN VIVO ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF MARINE BROWN ALGA SPATOGLOSSUM ASPERUM J. AGARTH

Objective: In the present study, evaluation of the methanol extract of Spatoglossum asperum, brown marine algae on the analgesic activity using animal model was focussed.Methods: Acetic acid-induced writhing test on Wistar albino rats at a dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight of algal extract have been carried out. It showed significant analgesic activity by reducing the number of acetic acid-induced writhing.Results: The animals at a dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight exhibited, 70.52% of the animals were protected using S. asperum extract, on the other hand, the standard, diclofenac protected 84.21% of the animals. The results are statistically significant at p<0.001, and the investigation revealed dose-dependent significant activity in comparison with standard and control.Conclusion: Hence, it can be concluded that the methanol extracts of the brown alga S. asperum have potent analgesic activity at moderate doses

Hemoglobin Response to Intravenous Iron Therapy in Nondialytic Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Anemia

OBJECTIVES : The purpose of this study is to analyze the hemoglobin response one month after one gram of injection iron sucrose IV and also to analyze whether the iron indices alone or in combination predict the hemoglobin response. BACKGROUND : Anemia is a common complication of CKD patients. Anemia increases cardio vascular morbidity and mortality. Treatment of anemia in predialytic patients reduces cardio vascular morbidity and mortality. Here we assess the hemoglobin response in non dialytic CKD patients with anemia. METHODS : We treated fifty newly detected CKD patients with anemia with ten doses of injection iron sucrose IV daily. Three patients developed minor adverse reactions (rigors, itching). They were withdrawn from the study. Two patients discontinued due to personal reasons. Five patients did not turn up for follow up in spite of many reminders. In the end 40 patients were analyzed regarding hemoglobin response and the correlation between iron indices response and hemoglobin response. RESULTS : There was a mean hemoglobin increase of 0.8125 g/dl one month after ten doses of injection iron sucrose. There were significant increases in serum iron and TSAT. But there was no significant increase in serum ferritin. There were no correlations between serum ferritin and TSAT response with hemoglobin response. There were significant correlations between hemoglobin response and pretreatment serum ferritin and TSAT levels. Buy there were no correlations between hemoglobin response and pretreatment serum iron and TIBC levels. When pretreatment TSAT levels are less than 30% there is good hemoglobin response even if pretreatment serum ferritin levels are more than 500 ng/ml. CONCLUSIONS : There is significant correlation between hemoglobin response and pretreatment serum ferritin and pretreatment TSAT levels. Pretreatment TSAT levels less than 20% is the single most predictive factor of hemoglobin response. Hemoglobin, serum ferritin and TSAT responses did not correlate with each other. Intravenous iron sucrose injection has a very good safety profile

A clinical study,diagnosis and management of liver abscess present in our institution Chengalpattu Medical Collge.

All cases of Liver abscesses presenting to the Surgery OPD or Casualty of CHMC Hospital, referred from medical wards of CHMC hospital or referred from outside diagnosed as case of liver abscess, in Chengalpattu over a period of 1 and half years with Clinical/ Sonological/CT features of Liver abscess. Most common liver abscess presenting in our institution was amoebic in nature. Most common age of presentation was 45 years. Most common presentation of liver abscess was abdominal pain. Most common clinical sign was intercostal tenderness. Alcoholism becomes the most frequently associated risk factor. Ultrasound and CT scan abdomen plays an important role in diagnosing most of the liver abscess patients presented in our institution. Eighteen percent (18%) of the liver abscess patients were managed successfully with medical management alone. Those who are all not responding to medical management were treated with image guided drainage/aspiration. Forty five percent (45%) of the patients presented in our institution were successfully treated by image guided drainage/aspiration. Those who developed complications (ruptured liver abscess) and who are all not responding to conservative line of management required emergency open drainage. Thirty seven percent (37%) of patients who developed complications on presentation or later were treated with open drainage in our institution

A Study on Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic changes in Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease

INTRODUCTION: Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease is acknowledged by the “WHO” as the fourth commonest cause of death worldwide. It is projected to be the third most common cause of death and fifth most common cause of chronic disability by the year 2020. Earlier in the 20th century TB was the major pulmonary disease in developing countries. Its place has been taken by two diseases in the later half of 20th century namely chronic obstructive airways disease and Carcinoma of lung. Cigarette smoking is said to have been playing a major role in the etiology of Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease. Knowing the ill effects of smoking many governments including Indian Government have banned smoking in public places. This may in future lead to reduction in number of smokers and its ill effects thus reducing the incidence of COAD in due course. Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease is known to cause airflow limitations, impaired gas exchange and increased pulmonary artery pressure. According to literatures prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive airways disease is 18%1. Elevated pulmonary artery pressure is a predictor of mortality in chronic obstructive airways disease. “Weitzenblum” and coworkers2 showed a 72% 4 year survival in patients with normal pulmonary artery pressure compared with 49% survival in patients with an elevated pulmonary artery pressure in Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease. Both electrocardiography and echocardiography are very useful in the detection of elevated pulmonary artery pressure. Here an attempt has been made to correlate clinical features, pulmonary function tests, electrocardiography and echocardiography in case of Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease patients. AIM OF THE STUDY: To analyze various cardiovascular manifestations of “Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease” with the help of Electrocardiography and Echocardiography. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: Population: Patients attending the out patient clinic &who were admitted in “Government Royapettah Hospital, Chennai” with complaints of persistent cough with expectoration for 3 months in two consecutive years or who have cough, breathlessness with clinical or x-ray evidence of hyper inflation were selected for the study (50 patients). Period of the study: January 2008 –July 2008. Inclusion criteria: Patients with spirometric evidence of chronic obstructive airways disease. Criteria for diagnosis of chronic obstructive airways disease - FEV1<80% predicted value & FEV1/FVC < 70%. Exclusion criteria: Patients with TB, bronchial asthma, bronchiectasis, bronchogenic carcinoma, interstitial lung disease, coronary artery heart disease, systemic hypertension, aortic & mitral valve disease, right heart failure& patients residing at high altitude were excluded from the study by doing x-ray chest, Mantoux test, sputum for acid fast bacilli & blood pressure measurement. CONCLUSION: In my study Chronic obstructive airways disease is more common in males. • Smoking is the principle cause of Chronic obstructive airways disease. • Severity of Chronic obstructive airways disease is directly proportional to intensity of smoking. • Severity of Chronic obstructive airways disease is associated with earlier age of onset of smoking especially in teen ages. • Most patients are in low socioeconomic status. • Electrocardiography has high sensitivity in detecting pulmonary hypertension in Chronic obstructive airways diseased patients as evidenced by P pulmonale, right axis deviation, right ventricular hypertrophy. Majority of the patients with electrocardiographic evidence of pulmonary hypertension also had Echocardiographic evidence of elevated pulmonary artery pressure. So both Electrocardiography and Echocardiography are very useful in the assessment of severity of chronic obstructive airways disease

Microscopic visualization of regeneration in scale worm Paralepidonotus sp. (Grube, 1878)

360-364Regeneration of damaged or lost body parts is an ecologically important process in the animal realm. Like many other annelids, segmented worms and bearded scale worm, Paralepidonotus sp. is capable of regenerating its anterior elytra and posterior body segments and terminal structures that are lost due to amputation. In aquaculture industry, scale worms have importance as common live feed. In this context, we studied the morphology and organization of tissues in Paralepidonotus sp. populations which have ability to regenerate the anterior elytra and posterior region. The study revealed that the process of blastema formation in the anterior (Elytra) and posterior segments of Paralepidonotus sp. was normal and got regenerated to its original state during 9th to 12th day of experiment, and thus this species can be used for mass scale production to cater to the demand of aquaculture as suitable live feed for feeding the brooders both in shrimp and ornamental Aquaculture