Technique for Generation of Unipolar Ultrasonic Pulses

Substantial progress has been made in recent years in the development of inverse elastic wave scattering theories for use in ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation (NDE). These include theories that are applicable in different ultrasonic frequency ranges and include formulations in various approximations [1–15]. It is by application of these inverse scattering solutions to ultrasonic inspection results that quantitative measures of the size, shape, and orientation of a flaw can be determined

Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ~1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of 40+8-8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 Mo. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ~40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One- Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ~9 and ~16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta

Characterization of a novel MAD1 isoform, MAD1β, in hepatocellular carcinoma

Voids or porosity in carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) caused by improper curing, moisture in the prepreg and other reasons can degrade the mechanical properties of the composite components [1–3]. Voids caused by trapped air in the layup process or volatile gas released in the curing process tend to occur at the interface between the plies of unidirectional prepregs and are usually elongated along the adjacent fiber directions [4]. On the other hand, voids in woven composites tend to be more spherical. Matrix dominated strengths such as transverse tensile and interlaminar shear strengths are affected the most by the presence of porosity. Quantitative nondestructive evaluation (QNDE) methods for the detection and characterization of porosity in composites are therefore highly desirable

A Comparative Empirical Study on Mobile ICT Services, Social Responsibility and the Protection of Children

[EN] The purpose of this paper is to analyse the Spanish mobile phone industry to determine how mobile phone companies and certain institutions can improve protection for children who use mobile phones. We carried out a multivariate statistical analysis using anonymous primary data from mobile phone companies, and institutions and associations that protect children, to compare these stakeholders’ opinions and to put forward solutions. We proved that, even though some European countries have made an effort to provide safer ICT services, all stakeholders still need to cooperate and agree on solutions to the commercial problems associated with children using mobile phones. This can be done by signing codes of conduct. 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