Seismic Lateral Earth Pressures on Retaining Structures

Various methods are available to estimate seismic earth pressures on soil retaining structures which cane be grouped to experimental, analytical and numerical methods. 1G model shaking table studies or high-g level centrifuge model shaking studies give some insight on the variation of seismic earth pressures along height of the retaining structure. In the simple analytical methods, M-O method based pseudo-static analysis is extensively used to evaluate seismic earth pressure variation and its probable resultant location. Pseudodynamic analysis method based analyses are also developed and are in progress for the same. Besides, these experimental and analytical methods, FEM or FDM based numerical simulations of the retaining structures provide much information on the seismic lateral earth pressure variation. In this paper, the methods available and the procedures to be followed to determine the lateral seismic earth pressures and their recent developments are summarized. Numerical simulations of seismic behavior of cantilever retaining walls was performed using FLAC and the results obtained regarding seismic earth pressures are discussed

EVALUATION OF MAXIMUM ENTROPY METHOD OF SPECTRUM ESTIMATION

The parametric models autoregressive (AR)/AR-moving average (MA)/MA are sometimes not capable of finding out the power spectral densities of random sequences. Under such circumstances, the non-parametric methods outperform the parametric ones because of the sensitivity of the latter to model specifications. The maximum entropy method (MEM) is regarded as the non-parametric method of spectrum estimation; it suggests one possible way of extrapolating the autocorrelation sequence so that a more accurate estimate of the spectrum can be obtained with better resolution. This paper investigates the work of realizing MEM method and evaluating its performance with minimum variance method

A NOVEL APPROACH TO STATE SPACE TIME DOMAIN AUTOREGRESSIVE SIGNAL PROCESSING USING OPTIMAL RECURSIVE ESTIMATOR

This work describes the concept of filtering of signals using discrete Kalman filter. The true state of constant, random constant having process noise and autoregressive (p) process when corrupted by measurement noise are estimated using discrete Kalman filter and results are presented using MATLAB

MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES OF SOME NOVEL THIOPHENE CARBOHYDRAZIDE DERIVATIVES ON ENTEROTOXIN OF BACILLUS CEREUS

Objective: In this work, we collected the three-dimensional structure of Enterotoxin from Bacillus cereus which plays an important role in the pathway. Methods: The protein structure was collected from PDB data bank. From the 3D structures of the proteins, the targeted derivatives were designed. Docking studies were performed with designed compounds. Results: The compounds docked to the protein by hydrogen bonding interactions and these interactions play an important role in the binding studies. Docking results showed the best compounds among the derivatives. Conclusion: The docking results agreed well with the observed in vitro data, in which the anti-microbial activity of the analogs was higher than other drugs and formed hydrogen bonds

Reply to Dr. Goodwin

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/23228/1/0000161.pd

A REVIEW ON HERBO MINERAL FORMULATIONS CONTAINING LAUHA (IRON) W.S.R TO RASENDRA SARA SANGHRAHA

Rasendra Sara Sangraha is the oldest and most exhaustive treatise of Rasa Shastra, an important branch of Ayurveda, which revolutionised Ayurveda Pharmacopeia in the medieval period. It is one of classical works of 14th century period written by Sri Gopala Krishna Bhatt consists of 5 chapters with 2531 verses. Rasendra Sara Sangraha comprising the compilation of various times tested and therapeutically proved Rasayoga formulations. Lauha (iron) is a very essential element of the body system for treating many disease conditions as well as for physiological existence. Iron used as medicine from the Vedic period. Lauha preparations are extensively used from Acharya Charakas period in the form of Ayasruti and Navayasa loha. Rasendra Sara Sangraha has mentioned a total of 222 herbo mineral formulations having Lauha (iron). The present study deals with the chapter wise review of formulations of Rasendra Sara Sangraha containing Lauha as an ingredient mentioned in various disease conditions like Jwara, Arsas, krimi, Pandu, Soola, Pradara, Sodha and Gulma etc. These Lauha containing Herbo mineral Formulations has been elaborately compiled in 222 formulations

Type I interferons act directly on CD8 T cells to allow clonal expansion and memory formation in response to viral infection

T cell expansion and memory formation are generally more effective when elicited by live organisms than by inactivated vaccines. Elucidation of the underlying mechanisms is important for vaccination and therapeutic strategies. We show that the massive expansion of antigen-specific CD8 T cells that occurs in response to viral infection is critically dependent on the direct action of type I interferons (IFN-Is) on CD8 T cells. By examining the response to infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus using IFN-I receptor–deficient (IFN-IR0) and –sufficient CD8 T cells adoptively transferred into normal IFN-IR wild-type hosts, we show that the lack of direct CD8 T cell contact with IFN-I causes >99% reduction in their capacity to expand and generate memory cells. The diminished expansion of IFN-IR0 CD8 T cells was not caused by a defect in proliferation but by poor survival during the antigen-driven proliferation phase. Thus, IFN-IR signaling in CD8 T cells is critical for the generation of effector and memory cells in response to viral infection

APPLICATION OF OPTICAL BASICITY PARAMETER TO FOAMING OF SLAGS

Metallurgical slags play an important role in the melting and refining of metals. Efforts are being made, by many researchers, to understand the factors influencing the properties of slags. Optical basicity is a chemical parameter which has been applied to glasses and slags, and, is a more comprehensive representation of slag composition than conventional basicity. Foaming is an important phenomenon in steelmaking, but limited information is available on the effect of slag composition on foaming. Optical basicity values, for different slags, were calculated from the chemical composition – following the approach of Duffy and co-workers. The calculated values were then applied to follow the trends in foaming, bath smelting and ladle slags. The results demonstrate the potential use of optical basicity in this area, but the trends could be investigated further with respect to structure and the ionic concentrations