Effect of processing parameters on spray drying of full-fat soymilk

An experiment was designed to evaluate the use of spray dryers to transform soymilk into flour. Soymilk slurries were spray dried at various combinations of inlet air temperature (255, 265 and 275°C), feed rate (0.38 and 0.57 Lpm), and rotary atomizer speed (19,300 and 26,800 rpm). Several dryer parameters and product properties were monitored and evaluated. Weather data was included;The average powder pH was 6.64 (standard deviation 0.10) which is very close to the 6.4 to 6.6 range reported in literature. Effect of process parameters on storability were studied over a one year period. Product insolubility showed dependence upon outlet temperature and pumping time, but erratic trends over time appeared unpredictable. Lightness data was a function of storage time and atomizer speed and could be predicted to within ±1.0% error;A psychrometric analysis of the spray dryer, based on collected data, estimated the ideal state of the air at the outlet of the drying chamber assuming an adiabatic saturation process. Equations to predict outlet (R2=0.99) and product (R2=0.80) temperatures as well as process efficiencies and product yields were developed from collected data;Spray dried soymilk samples with added dispersion agents (i.e. Cab-o-Sil°ler or Zeofree 80°ler) to increase flowability were sieved using ultrasonic and Ro-Tap°ler methods. Nine algorithms were used to calculate mean diameter from experimentally collected data. These values were compared with Sauter and volume mean diameter estimates obtained from six empirical relations reported in literature;Models for spray dryer reported in literature were surveyed and common model assumptions summarized. Models found were classified into static and dynamic based on their inclusion of time as one of the independent variables of the model. Static models focus on the steady state or equilibrium response of the system and provide in-depth analysis of the system\u27s behavior. Dynamic models are used for control and focus on the maintenance of a desired outlet temperature or final moisture content of the dried powder

Band Power Analysis of the EEG Frequency Spectrum: An Evaluation of Interictal Periods of the Migraine Phase Using an Eyes-open vs. Eyes-closed Resting State Paradigm

Migraine is a primary headache disorder characterized by abnormal cortical activity acrossmigraine phases. However, less is known about electroencephalographic activity present duringasymptomatic periods of the migraine cycle or during resting-state conditions. Given the theorythat these testing conditions may reflect more permanent cortical states, the present studyexamined the interacting role of resting-state conditions (eyes-open vs. eyes-closed) andheadache diagnosis (migraine vs. control) on absolute band power across the EEG frequencyspectrum. In-line with previous research, we hypothesized that interictal periods of the migrainephase would be characterized by a difference in alpha frequency and an increase in slow-waveactivity compared to controls. We further predicted that group-related effects would differdepending on resting-state conditions. In general, slow-wave activity was greater in migriane compared to controls, although a significant interaction effect was obtained regarding fast-wavebeta power. Broad spectrum cortical differences between migraine and healthy controls arediscussed

Constraining differential renormalization in abelian gauge theories

We present a procedure of differential renormalization at the one loop level which avoids introducing unnecessary renormalization constants and automatically preserves abelian gauge invariance. The amplitudes are expressed in terms of a basis of singular functions. The local terms appearing in the renormalization of these functions are determined by requiring consistency with the propagator equation. Previous results in abelian theories, with and without supersymmetry, are discussed in this context.Comment: 13 pages, LaTeX. Some equations corrected and a reference added. Complete ps paper also available at http://www-ftae.ugr.es/papiros.html or ftp://ftae3.ugr.es/pub/rmt/ugft73.p

L'injonction de faire: une procédure efficace ?

En ligne sur le site du ministère de la justice : http://www.justice.gouv.fr/art_pix/1_stat_infostat120_20130304.pdfEntrée en application il y a plus de vingt ans, la procédure d'injonction de faire avait vocation à régler nombre de petits litiges de la vie quotidienne, permettant notamment aux consommateurs d'obtenir en nature l'exécution des obligations résultant d'un contrat. Cette procédure, dont le nombre dépasse à peine 7 000 en 2011, n'est utilisée que par 7% des usagers non professionnels de la justice. Ces derniers recourent plus fréquemment aux voies procédurales ordinaires, notamment aux procédures au fond introduites par déclaration au greffe (43%) et par assignation (41%) dont l'efficacité est bien supérieure : les chances pour les demandeurs de parvenir à un accord ou d'obtenir une décision leur donnant gain de cause sont en effet bien plus grandes. La procédure d'injonction de faire est souvent vouée à l'échec n'ayant une issue favorable que pour quatre requérants sur dix. Les procédures au fond ont quant à elles une issue positive pour près de sept demandeurs sur dix lorsque la demande a été formée par déclaration au greffe, pour les trois quart des demandeurs quand ils ont saisi le tribunal par assignation

Spatial genetic structure in the saddled sea bream (Oblada melanura [Linnaeus, 1758]) suggests multi-scaled patterns of connectivity between protected and unprotected areas in the Western Mediterranean Sea

Marine protected areas (MPAs) and networks of MPAs are advocated worldwide for the achievement of marine conservation objectives. Although the knowledge about population connectivity is considered fundamental for the optimal design of MPAs and networks, the amount of information available for the Mediterranean Sea is currently scarce. We investigated the genetic structure of the saddled sea bream ( Oblada melanura) and the level of genetic connectivity between protected and unprotected locations, using a set of 11 microsatellite loci. Spatial patterns of population differentiation were assessed locally (50-100 km) and regionally (500-1000 km), considering three MPAs of the Western Mediterranean Sea. All values of genetic differentiation between locations (Fst and Jost's D) were non-significant after Bonferroni correction, indicating that, at a relatively small spatial scale, protected locations were in general well connected with non-protected ones. On the other hand, at the regional scale, discriminant analysis of principal components revealed the presence of a subtle pattern of genetic heterogeneity that reflects the geography and the main oceanographic features (currents and barriers) of the study area. This genetic pattern could be a consequence of different processes acting at different spatial and temporal scales among which the presence of admixed populations, large population sizes and species dispersal capacity, could play a major role. These outcomes can have important implications for the conservation biology and fishery management of the saddled sea bream and provide useful information for genetic population studies of other coastal fishes in the Western Mediterranean Sea

Cultural Resources Monitoring for the San Antonio Light and Print Building Project, San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas

Over eight days in May and August 2019, and May, June, July, and September 2020 the Center for Archaeological Research (CAR) at the University of Texas at San Antonio conducted archaeological monitoring in advance of the planned construction of a 3,000 square foot, five-story addition for the San Antonio Light and Print Building Project located in downtown San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas. CAR was contracted by GrayStreet Partners to monitor the mechanical excavation of seven holes for piers to support an elevated walkway and mechanical trenching for the installation of utilities and a 6.1 m emergency vehicular ingress and egress easement ramp leading to a future underground parking area. The project is privately funded and located on privately owned property between Broadway Street, McCullough Avenue, N. Alamo Street, and 4th Street in downtown San Antonio. As a result, the project was not subject to regulatory review by the Texas Historical Commission (THC). The project area is within the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) San Antonio Downtown and River Walk Historic District, which adjoins three other NRHP Historic Districts: Alamo Plaza, Main and Military Plaza, and La Villita. The project is subject to regulatory review by the City of San Antonio (COSA) Office of Historic Preservation (OHP) under the COSA Unified Development Code (Article 6 35-630 to 35-634). Dr. Paul Shawn Marceaux, CAR Director, served as the Principal Investigator and managed the project until his departure from CAR, at which time Dr. Raymond Mauldin took over the Principal Investigator role. Jason Brian Perez served as the Project Archaeologist. The project area was 0.47 hectare (1.15 acres). CAR monitored the mechanical drilling of the first two pier holes, it was determined that the starting elevation was approximately 4.5 m below the original ground surface, in culturally sterile sediments. The drilling of the remaining five holes was not monitored. The initial trench excavation for the easement ramp was completed without notifying CAR. A nineteenth-century privy/trash pit feature was identified in the trench wall by CAR archaeologists, and diagnostic artifacts, dating from 1870-1900, were recovered from the backfill. The privy/trash pit feature was associated with the property owned by the Hagans family from 1859-1895, and it was designated as site 41BX2362. CAR recommends that site 41BX2362 is not eligible for NRHP or for listing as a State Antiquities Landmark (SAL). The CAR recommends no additional testing within the project area and that development proceed. In the event that additional construction reveals archaeological deposits, work should cease, and the City Archaeologist of the COSA-OHP should be notified. COSAOHP concurred with these recommendations. All recovered artifacts were offered to the landowner. Because the landowner failed to respond to several requests, CAR made the decision to curate selected diagnostic artifacts and discard the remainder. All collected artifacts are documented in the CAR’s collection management database. Selected diagnostic artifacts collected from the feature and all project documentation, including photographs, field forms, and a copy of this report were prepared for curation according to THC guidelines. The artifacts and records are permanently curated at the CAR repository as accession file 2266

Leer la nación: pedagogía fundacional en Colombia (1870-1898)

This dissertation explores and analyzes Colombian textbooks as foundational texts connected with the development of national identity during the years between 1870 and 1898, and the blurred boundaries between education, politics, and literature represented by Colombian intellectuals who actively participated in all these areas. Special attention is paid to the resources used in these manuals to instill a particular ideology and civic ideal for the Colombian citizens of the future. I also analyze the interest shown by many writers regarding public education, reflected both in their writings and in their political participation, thus exemplifying the inseparable bond between letters, education and politics. This study understands textbooks as products that reflect the values of a particular political regime that used them as tools for social structuring.Doctor of Philosoph