Kualitas Hidup Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Se Kota Kupang

Diabetes Mellitus is well known as a chronic disease which can lead to a decrease in quality of life in all domains. The study aims to explore the diabetic type 2 patient\u27s quality of life and find out the factors affecting in type 2 diabetic mellitus patients. The cross-sectional study design is used that included 65 patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus, in 11 public health centers of Kupang City. Data were collected by using Short Form Survey (SF-36) that assessed 8-scale health profile. Independent sample t-test is used to analyze the correlation between the factors affecting and the quality of life. the study showed that the QoL of DM patients decreased in all 8- health profile including physical functioning, social functioning, mental health, general health, pain, change in the role due to physical problems and emotional problems. The Study also showed there was a relationship between gender, duration of suffering from Diabetes mellitus, and complications to the quality of life. Male perceived a better quality of life than female

Does hollow occurrence vary with forest type? A case study in wet and dry Eucalyptus obliqua forest

Eucalyptus globulus is the predominant exotic hardwood plantation species in Western Australian (WA), and is often planted adjacent to native eucalypt forests. The increase in number of Mycosphaerella species associated with Mycosphaerella leaf disease (MLD) in E. globulus plantations inWAin the past decade has raised concern about the possible movement of pathogens between the native forests and plantations. In order to determine whether the introduction of new E. globulus genetics into WA may have further exacerbated this situation, juvenile and adult foliage were taken from a genetics trial near Albany, WA consisting of 60 full-sib families and Mycosphaerella species identified using morphological and molecular tools. Eleven species of Mycosphaerella were identified from one plantation: Mycosphaerella fori (Pseudocercospora fori) and Mycosphaerella ellipsoidea are new records for Australia; Mycosphaerella tasmaniensis (Passalora tasmaniensis) and Mycosphaerella suttoniae (Kirramyces epicoccoides) are new records for WA; and Mycosphaerella nubilosa, Mycosphaerella cryptica, Mycosphaerella marksii, Mycosphaerella molleriana, Mycosphaerella lateralis, Mycosphaerella aurantia and Mycosphaerella parva, previously recorded for WA. The most frequently isolated species from juvenile foliage was M. marksii (77%) followed by M. nubilosa (33%). M. nubilosa was most frequently isolated from adult leaves (88%) followed by M. parva (7.5%). Three species, M. molleriana, M. lateralis and M. cryptica, were only isolated from adult leaves while M. ellipsoidea was only isolated from juvenile leaves. These records increase the number of known Mycosphaerella species from eucalypts in WA from 10 to 13. The increase in the number, distribution and impact of Mycosphaerella species contributing to MLD in WA is of concern both to the potential productivity of the plantations and the biosecurity of native WA Eucalyptus species. Continued monitoring of the plantation estate is required to understand the dynamics of the host– pathogen interactions

Changes in stream biota along a gradient of logging disturbance, 15 years after logging at Ben Nevis, Tasmania

We compared the instream biota of five first-order granitic headwater streams and five similar streams which had experienced a range of intensity of clearfell operations 15 years previously. We observed substantial differences in benthic macroinvertebrate community composition and abundance, aquatic insect emergence rates and abundance of macrophytes and algae between the two stream groups. Differences in the riparian vegetation structure, stream channel form and habitats and sediment composition of these streams had previously been ascribed to the effects of the clearfell operations and related to the intensity of historical forestry-induced disturbance. Instream biological responses (changes in macroinvertebrate assemblage composition and declines in abundance) were correlated with both a measure of the intensity of the degree of historical clearfell disturbance and with the amount of fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) in the stream substrate. Differences in macroinvertebrate abundance between channel and pool habitats were also associated with inter-habitat differences in substrate FPOM loading. We suggest that the magnitude of the response of benthic fauna along the disturbance gradient is mediated by the effect of disturbance on the storage of FPOM, which is both a habitat and food source, and that the clearfelling has induced long-lasting deficits of bioavailable organic carbon stores and backwater habitats in these streams