Consolidation of country schools

Citation: Munger, Edna A. Consolidation of country schools. Senior thesis, Kansas State Agricultural College, 1908.Introduction: Any one who studies at all carefully the situation in our public schools today, will see that a change is imperative. The country school child has the same rights in regard to schooling as his city cousin. Yet, if we compare the two systems we will see that the country child does not have these equal privileges

Spatial and temporal patterns of vegetation, terrain, and greenness in the Toolik Lake and Upper Kuparuk River Region

Thesis (M.S.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2007With a warming climate, Alaska's arctic tundra vegetation is changing. Here I use four Landsat satellite images and glacial geology, surficial geomorphology, vegetation, slope angle, aspect, and elevation maps to examine spatial and temporal patterns of greenness in the Toolik Lake and Upper Kuparuk River Region in Arctic Alaska. The 30-m resolution of the Landsat images used in this analysis allowed for detection of patterns of heterogeneity in the greenness and in the greening of the landscape. Such studies complement the finer temporal resolution of AVHRR data, which are more appropriate to detect annual variation in greenness and greening across broad regions. This study suggests that the measured changes in AVHRR derived NDVI values are likely the result of a real change in arctic vegetation and are not simply due to technical problems with AVHRR sensors. Between 1985 and 1999 the mean Landsat-derived NDVI across the Toolik Lake and Upper Kuparuk Region increased 0.076 or 15.9%. The greening detected by Landsat data occurred heterogeneously across the landscape with the most rapid change occurring in well-vegetated areas such as tussock tundra and shrubby areas, on areas of nonsorted circles, and at lower elevations.Introduction -- Background : a changing Arctic -- Background : the Toolik Lake and the Upper Kuparuk River Region -- Glacial history and relationship to vegetation -- Change in the Toolik Lake and Upper Kuparuk River Region -- Methods -- Vegetation-Terrain relationships -- Calculation of Landsat NDVI -- NDVI-Terrain relationships -- Change in NDVI -- Results -- Vegetation-Terrain relationships -- Vegetation and glacial geology -- Vegetation and surficial geomorphology -- Vegetation, glacial geology, and surficial geomorphology -- Vegetation and slope angle -- Vegetation and aspect -- Vegetation and elevation -- NDVI-terrain relationships -- Glacial geology -- Surficial Geomorphology -- Vegetation -- Slope angle -- Aspect -- Elevation -- Change in NDVI -- Glacial geology -- Surficial geomorphology -- Vegetation -- Slope angle -- Aspect -- Elevation -- Pixel-by-pixel characterization of change in NDVI -- Discussion -- Vegetation-terrain relationships -- Terrain-NDVI relationships -- Change in NDVI -- Patterns of NDVI change between 1985 and 1999 on different surface types -- A changing Arctic : What does change in NDVI mean for Arctic ecosystems? -- Conclusions -- Literature cited

Theology, News and Notes - Vol. 35, No. 02

Theology News & Notes was a theological journal published by Fuller Theological Seminary from 1954 through 2014.https://digitalcommons.fuller.edu/tnn/1100/thumbnail.jp

Verification of CPT-invariance of QED bound states for the production of muonium or antimuonium in scattering of electrons or positrons by nuclei

A possibility of a verification of CPT-invariance of QED for bound states by example of muonium or antimuonium produced in reactions of scattering of electrons or positrons by nuclei is considered. The number of events of the muonium production is estimated for contemporary accelerators. The method of the detection of muonium by measuring of oscillations of the decay curve caused by the interference between the ground and excited state of muonium is suggested. The admixture of the excited muonium to the final state is calculated.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, Latex, published in JETP 74, 196 (2001), corrected mistypes in eqs. (2.2), (2.4), (2.7

Concentrations and snow-atmosphere fluxes of reactive nitrogen at Summit, Greenland

Concentrations and fluxes of NOy (total reactive nitrogen), ozone concentrations and fluxes of sensible heat, water vapor, and momentum were measured from May 1 to July 20, 1995 at Summit, Greenland. Median NOy concentrations declined from 947 ppt in May to 444 ppt by July. NOy fluxes were observed into and out of the snow, but the magnitudes were usually below 1 μmol m−2 h−1 because of the low HNO3 concentration and weak turbulence over the snow surface. Some of the highest observed fluxes may be due to temporary storage by equilibrium sorption of peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN) or other organic nitrogen species on ice surfaces in the upper snowpack. Sublimation of snow at the surface or during blowing snow events is associated with efflux of NOy from the snowpack. Because the NOy fluxes during summer at Summit are bidirectional and small in magnitude, the net result of turbulent NOyexchange is insignificant compared to the 2 μmol m−2 d−1 mean input from fresh snow during the summer months. If the arctic NOy reservoir is predominantly PAN (or compounds with similar properties), thermal dissociation of this NOy is sufficient to support the observed flux of nitrate in fresh snow. Very low HNO3 concentrations in the surface layer (1% of total NOy) reflect the poor ventilation of the surface layer over the snowpack combined with the relatively rapid uptake of HNO3 by fog, falling snow, and direct deposition to the snowpack

Appropriate counseling approach to disclose HIV status to HIV-infected children: Chiradzulu, Malawi

Mexico AIDS Conference 200

Carvedilol: Therapeutic Application and Practice Guidelines

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90381/1/j.1875-9114.1998.tb03895.x.pd

Electron electric dipole moment experiment using electric-field quantized slow cesium atoms

A proof-of-principle electron electric dipole moment (e-EDM) experiment using slow cesium atoms, nulled magnetic fields, and electric field quantization has been performed. With the ambient magnetic fields seen by the atoms reduced to less than 200 pT, an electric field of 6 MV/m lifts the degeneracy between states of unequal mF and, along with the low (approximately 3 m/s) velocity, suppresses the systematic effect from the motional magnetic field. The low velocity and small residual magnetic field have made it possible to induce transitions between states and to perform state preparation, analysis, and detection in regions free of applied static magnetic and electric fields. This experiment demonstrates techniques that may be used to improve the e-EDM limit by two orders of magnitude, but it is not in itself a sensitive e-EDM search, mostly due to limitations of the laser system.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

The Effect of Valve Cooling upon Maximum Permissible Engine Output as Limited by Knock

A Wright GR-1820-G200 cylinder was tested over a wide range of fuel-air ratios at maximum permissible power output as limited by knock with three different degrees of valve cooling. The valves used were stock valves (solid inlet valve and hollow sodium-cooled exhaust valve), hollow valves with no coolant, and hollow valves with flowing water as a coolant. Curves showing the variation in maximum permissible values of inlet-air pressure, indicated mean effective pressure, cylinder charge, and indicated specific fuel consumption with change in fuel-air ratio and valve cooling are shown. The use of valves cooled by a stream of water passing through their hollow interiors permitted indicated mean effective pressures 10 percent higher than the mean effective pressures permissible with stock valves when the engine was operated with fuel-air ratios from 0.055 to 0.065. Operation of the engine with lean mixtures with uncooled hollow valves resulted in power output below the output obtained with the stock valves. The data show an increase in maximum permissible indicated mean effective pressure due to cooling the valves, which averages only 2.1 percent with fuel-air ratios from 0.075 to 0.105