Feeding Behavior of a Carp, Cirrhinus reba (Hamilton) from Fishponds of District Jacobabad, Sindh, Pakistan

Abstract.-Cirrhinus reba was observed as an omnivore with higher feeding preference for plant foods. The plant food items recorded in the gut content were Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and aquatic higher plants. Animal foods were found to be less preferred food items of this fish. It was also found to be a bottom feeder with respect to dial patterns of feeding. The fish was observed to be a continuous feeder with greatly reduced feeding activity at night. Two feeding peaks of this fish were recorded, the major of which was recorded at dusk, while the minor one at noon. The fish did not show any tendency to change its food item with the change in hour

Evaluation of drug-drug interactions in the prescription dispensed at retail pharmacies

ABSTRACT Drug Interactions is main issue of Health care system. This study was conducted to identify the nature and rate of occurrence of drug-drug interaction in prescriptions dispensed at retail pharmacies in Hyderabad, Pakistan. In this study the total 723 handwritten prescriptions were collected and from that only 630 clearly written prescription containing two or more than two medications were selected for analysis. Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) were detected by using the specially designed drug interaction checkers and detected interactions further confirmed by the Thomson Micromedex Health Care Series 2, British national formulary 63, Stockleys Drug Interaction checker. Out of total 630 prescriptions, 164 prescriptions (i-e 26%) of all the prescriptions contained 233 drug-drug interactions. Interactions then categorized on the basis of severity. On the basis of severity from the total 233 interaction, 26 (11%) of total interactions were of major type, 134 (58%) of total interactions were of moderate type and remaining 73 (31%) interactions were of minor type. Our study resulted that the prescriptions dispensed at retail pharmacies contained a high rate of drug-drug interactions. So an appropriate surveillance system must be implemented, physician and pharmacist must remain vigilant in investigation of drug-drug interactions to prevent adverse drug reaction

Genetic analysis of three wild Eurasian eagle-owl subspecies, B. b. kiautschensis, B. b. ussuriensis, and B. b. tibetanus, in Chinese populations

The Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) is distributed throughout Asia and Europe and contains approximately twelve subspecies. Three subspecies, B. b. kiautschensis, B. b. ussuriensis, and B. b. tibetanus, are separately distributed in the refugia and plateau habitats of China. However, the genetics of these subspecies and populations have not been studied. Genetic differences were investigated among 32 individuals from six populations of these three B. bubo subspecies based on the mitochondrial genome. Low genetic diversity but high haplotype diversity was observed in these subspecies. The phylogenetic relationship of three B. bubo subspecies distributed in China was proven to be coordinated with geographic and environmental gradients. This study provides the first detailed insights into the mitochondrial genetic diversity of three Eurasian eagle-owl subspecies distributed in China and demonstrates the utility of the mitochondrial genome in intraspecific genetic population analyses of these eagle-owls

Recent advances in Bio-mass by electrochemically strategies generated hydrogen gas production: Environmentally sustainable technologies innovation

The potential of green hydrogen as in transitioning to a free pollution energy infrastructure. Green hydrogen gas is produced using renewable energy sources, typically through the process of electrolysis, and is considered environment friendly because it does not emit carbon dioxide when produced. While solar water redox reaction using photochemical and electrochemical methods is an elegant way to harvest green hydrogen production, it can be challenging to make this process economically competitive, especially for low-cost products like hydrogen. To address this challenge, the proposes a solution, which is to produce hydrogen during the photoelectrochemical process. In this demonstration of the (photo)electrochemically generated hydrogen (H2) for the homogeneous and hydrogenation. The coupled process offers greater stability compared to direct electrochemical hydrogenation and it provides more flexibility in controlling the chemical reactions involved. Overpotential refers to the extra energy required to drive a reaction and coupling the processes can help minimize this overpotential. An overall ∼58 conversion of the produced hydrogen is confirmed for this process, indicating the efficiency of the approach. Additionally, a techno-economic assessment of the proa strategy to make green hydrogen production economically competitive by co-producing value-added chemicals, using ascorbic acid. This approach enhances the economic feasibility of green hydrogen production but also adds value to the process by producing valuable chemical products. © 2023 Elsevier Lt

Complete mitochondrial genome of the Freshwater Catfish <i>Rita rita</i> (Siluriformes, Bagridae)

<div><p></p><p>The complete mitochondrial genome of Catfish, <i>Rita rita</i>, was isolated by LA PCR (TakaRa LAtaq, Dalian, China); and sequenced by Sanger’s method to obtain the complete mitochondrial genome, which is listed Critically Endangered and Red Listed species. The complete mitogenome was 16,449 bp in length and contains 13 typical vertebrate protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA and 22 tRNA genes. The whole genome base composition was estimated to be 33.40% A, 27.43% C, 14.26% G and 24.89% T. The complete mitochondrial genome of catfish, <i>Rita rita</i> provides the basis for genetic breeding and conservation studies.</p></div