AN IN VITRO STUDY OF ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND RADICAL SCAVENGING EFFECT OF SPINACIA OLERACEA LEAF EXTRACT

Objective: The study was carried out to evaluate the preliminary phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Spinacia oleracea (SO).Methods: The leaves of SO were shade dried, and the extract was prepared using solvent ethanol by Soxhlet extraction method. The preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out on the leaf extract of the plant. The total phenolic content and total flavonoids were estimated using Folin- Ciocalteu's and aluminum chloride reagents, respectively. Antioxidant activities were studied using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, nitric oxide, hydrogen radical, lipid peroxidation, and phosphomolybdenum radical scavenging assays.Results: The preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of bioactive constituents such as phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and glycosides. As SO is a rich source of different bioactive component, it contains a considerable amount of flavonoids and phenols. The different antioxidant assays proved that spinach is one of the best antioxidants with its ability to scavenge different radicals that generate oxidative stress.Conclusion: The observed activity may be associated with bioactive components such as phenols and flavonoids present in the leaf extracts and could have greater importance as nootropic plant in oxidative stress-related degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and dementia

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF STABILITY-INDICATING HPTLC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF DOLASETRON MESYLATE

Objective: To develop and validate stability indicating HPTLC method for determination of Dolasetron mesylate.Methods: The chromatographic separation was performed on aluminium plates precoated with silica gel 60 F254 using Methanol: Choloroform: Ethyl acetate (7:2:1 v/v/v) as mobile phase followed by densitometric scanning at 280 nm.Results: The chromatographic condition gave a compact spot for Dolasetron mesylate at Rf value of 0.65±0.03. Stress testing was performed in accordance with international conference on harmonization (ICH) Q1A R2 guidelines. Method was validated as per ICH Q2 R1 guidelines. The calibration curve was found to be linear in the concentration range of 100-800 ng/band for Dolasetron mesylate. The limit of detection and quantification was found to2.24 ng/band and 6.79 ng/band, respectively.Conclusion: A new sensitive, simple, and stability indicating high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method has been developed and validated for determination of Dolastron mesylate. The proposed method can be used for routine determination of Dolasetron mesylate stability.Â

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF STABILITY-INDICATING HPTLC METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF PERINDOPRIL AND INDAPAMIDE

Objective: To develop a validated stability indicating HPTLC method for determination Perindopril and Indapamide. Methods: The method was based on the separation of two drugs on plates precoated with silica gel 60 F254 using Dichloromethane: Methanol: Glacial acetic acid in the ratio of 9.5:0.5:0.1 v/v/v as mobile phase followed by scanning in absorbance mode at 215 nm. Results: The optimized chromatographic conditions gave compact spot for Perindopril and Indapamide at Rf value of 0.30 ± 0.02 and 0.60 ± 0.02 respectively. The calibration curve was found to be linear in range of 1000-5000 ng/band and 200-1000 ng/band for perindopril and indapamide respectively. The limit of detection and quantification were found to 164 ng/band and 491 ng/band for Perindopril and 41.41 ng/band and 125.49ng/band for Indapamide. The method has been successfully applied to tablets and was validated according to ICH Harmonized Tripartite guidelines. Conclusion: A new sensitive, simple, rapid and precise high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method has been developed and validated for simultaneous determination of Perindopril and Indapamide in pharmaceutical dosage form. The proposed method can be applicable for simultaneous determination of Perindopril and Indapamide in bulk and formulation

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF STABILITY INDICATING HPTLC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF APIXABAN AS BULK DRUG

Objective: To develop and validate simple, sensitive stability indicating HPTLC (High performance thin layer chromatography) method for apixaban. Methods: The chromatographic separation was performed on aluminium plates precoated with silica gel 60 F254 using toluene: ethyl acetate: methanol (3:6:1 v/v/v) as mobile phase followed by densitometric scanning at 279 nm. Results: The chromatographic condition shows sharp peak of apixaban at Rf value of 0.38±0.03. Stress testing was carried out according to international conference on harmonization (ICH)Q1A (R2) guidelines and the method was validated as per ICH Q2(R1) guidelines. The calibration curve was found to be linear in the concentration range of 100-500 ng/band for apixaban. The limit of detection and quantification was found to be 11.66ng/bandand35.33ng/band, respectively. Conclusion: A new simple, sensitive, stability indicating high performance thin layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method has been developed and validated for the determination of apixaban

Management of pseudohypoparathyroidism in pregnancy: a rare entity

Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a very rare genetic disorder and during pregnancy poses multiple challenges related to its monitoring and management. Authors present the case of a  30year old primigravida who was a diagnosed case of pseudohypoparathyroidism since 22 yrs of age, presented to our obs/gynae OPD at 5+5 wks of POG. She was managed by serial monitoring of serum calcium, phosphate and vitamin D throughout  pregnancy with careful dose modification of calcium from 1gm to 3.5gm daily and vitamin D from  0.5mcg  to 1.5mcg daily. During her course of pregnancy, she developed gestational hypothyroidism, gestational diabetes mellitus, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and gestational hypertension which were controlled and managed successfully. She had an elective caesarean section at 37+6 wks POG for transverse lie. Both maternal and perinatal outcome were good. Patient was discharged with advice to continue with her monitoring of serum calcium, phosphate, vitamin D along with supplementation of calcium and vitamin D life long

A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL ENDPOINT STUDY TO EVALUATE THE SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF CLEARLIV TABLETS IN PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the hepatoprotective effect of clearliv tablets with silymarin in patients with alcoholic liver disease.Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, multicenter, open-label, parallel group interventional clinical endpoint study (Phase IIa). Patients attending general medicine outpatient department were screened for alcoholic liver disease using the serum biochemical liver function test and ultrasonogram abdomen and tested whether they satisfy the selection criteria, and 24 patients were then enrolled in the study. The study drug, namely clearliv tablets of Apex Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., was administered to Group A and tablet silymarin was administered to Group B from day 1 to day 56. Patients were reviewed once in 2 weeks. Liver function test was repeated, and patients were enquired of their well-being and any adverse events.Results: The demographic characters and body weight of the subjects showed no significant difference between the groups. There is a significant improvement (p<0.05) in the aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and total bilirubin (TB) levels on 28th and 56th days in both silymarin and clearliv groups. Of the 2 groups, there is higher significance of improvement in clearliv group (p<0.001), compared to silymarin group. Clearliv group started showing a significant reduction in AST and ALT levels in the first 14 days of the study period. On comparing the mean percentage reduction in the levels of AST (35.7% and 35%), ALT (26.7% and 24.3%), and TB (26.7% and 25%), it was found that clearliv is showing a better percentage of reduction of the above parameters compared to silymarin. There were reports of adverse effects such as loss of appetite and gastritis in both the groups.Conclusion: This clinical study proves that clearliv is functioning as a hepatoprotective drug. It is offering a better hepatoprotection compared to silymarin. Clearliv tablets can be indicated for the management of liver dysfunction, which occurs due to alcoholic liver damage. It may also be used in similar manner in cases of viral hepatitis, drug-induced liver damage, acute and chronic hepatitis

Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Onion Peels Containing Protocatechuic Acid

India is the second largest country for cultivation of onion. 19.90% of onion is cultivated in India. Onion that is Allium cepa family Amaryllidaceae used in daily diet for taste. Onions also have number of medicinal properties, such as hepatoprotection, anticancer, antifungal, antioxidant, antiulcer, anti-agging, anti-inflammatory, anticancer etc.[1-2] The dried scales or peels of onion also have the same medicinal constituents with same activity as raw onions. The onion peels contains flavonoids, such as anthocyanins, flavones (qurcertin and its derivatives), ferulic, Gallic, protocatechuic acids, sulphur, vitamins etc. In the present study determination of protocatechuic acid in onion peels extract has been performed using HPTLC. HPTLC separation was carried out on Merck TLC aluminium sheets precoated with silica gel 60F254 using Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Formic acid (6: 6: 1.2 v/v/v) as mobile phase.[3-11] Quantitative analysis was carried out in the absorbance mode at 258 nm. Hydroalcoholic extract was tested for hepatoprotective activity in wistar rats (either sex) by using CCl4 as hepatotoxicity inducing agent and Silamyrin as standard. Hydroalcoholic extract shows hepatoprotective activity as indicated by decrease in the level of SGOT, SGPT, total protein, billirubin an which hepatotoxicity was induced by CCl4 intraperitonial injection route to animal, from the result it may be concluded that onion peels extract may be used for hepatoprotective activity. Keywords: Onion peel extract, Protocatechuic acid, HPTLC, hepatoprotection

Formulation and Evaluation Transdermal Patch of Hesperidin

The aim of the present study is to formulate and evaluate the transdermal patch of  Hesperidin. In the present study, transdermal patch of  Hesperidin were prepared by using HPMC E 5, Eudragit S 100 as a polymer, Dibutyl phthalate as a plasticizer and glycerin as a lubricant. Nine batches (F1-F9) were prepared by solvent evaporation method using methanol and chloroform in ratio 1:1 as a solvent. The prepared transdermal patches were evaluated on the basis of different parameters like weight, thickness, folding endurance, percent moisture content, drug content , in vitro drug release study. To confirm the optimised batch, the data were computed in design expert software. And it was concluded that the prepared formulation F5 batch showed highest percent of drug release. Keywords: Transdermal drug delivery, Design expert, HPTLC, Hesperidin

Formulation and Evaluation of Chewable Tablets of Pomegranate Peel Extract

Nowadays, dental caries is one of major oral disease caused due to facultatively anaerobic, gram-positive Streptococcus mutans. Pomegranate peel powder extract is known to have activity against Streptococcusmutans. The ethanolic extract of pomegranate peel powder was tested against streptococcus mutans (MTCC 497t). The Minimum inhibitory concentrations was found to be 6.24 mg/ml. Chewable tablet containing 10х MIC of the pomegranate peel powder was tested by cup plate method for its antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans. The study concludes that pomegranate peel extract is a  natural antibacterial source can be used in formulating chewable tablet which are better than chemical formulations specially mouth washes as stay-in-mouth time of these chewable tablet  are extended ensuring good antibacterial activity with good organoleptic properties. Keywords: Dental caries, Chewable tablet, Pomegranate peel, Streptococcus mutans