53 research outputs found

    Prise en compte des prĂ©fĂ©rences dans l’évaluation Ă©conomique en santĂ© des populations : le cas des annĂ©es de vie ajustĂ©es par la qualitĂ©

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    Cette thĂšse s’intĂ©resse Ă  l’optimisation des instruments de mesure de la qualitĂ© de vie dans un contexte de calcul de l’annĂ©e de vie ajustĂ©e par la qualitĂ© (QALY). Le premier chapitre constitue une revue systĂ©matique de la littĂ©rature sur les dimensions couvertes ainsi que le processus de dĂ©veloppement des instruments de mesure de la qualitĂ© de vie et basĂ©s sur les prĂ©fĂ©rences. L'Ă©valuation Ă©conomique est d'une grande aide dans le processus de dĂ©cision en matiĂšre de soins de santĂ©. Le concept d'annĂ©e de vie ajustĂ©e par la qualitĂ© (QALY) offre une occasion rare de combiner deux aspects cruciaux de la santĂ©, Ă  savoir la mortalitĂ© et la morbiditĂ©, en un seul indice aux fins de comparaison. Aujourd'hui, de nombreux outils sont disponibles pour mesurer la morbiditĂ© en termes de qualitĂ© de vie reliĂ©e Ă  la santĂ© (QVRS) et une importante littĂ©rature dĂ©crit comment les utiliser. La connaissance de leurs caractĂ©ristiques et de leur processus de dĂ©veloppement est un point clĂ© pour Ă©laborer, adapter ou sĂ©lectionner l'instrument le plus adaptĂ© aux besoins futurs. Dans ce but, nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© une revue systĂ©matique des instruments utilisĂ©s pour le calcul du QALY, et 46 Ă©tudes ont Ă©tĂ© sĂ©lectionnĂ©es aprĂšs des recherches dans quatre bases de donnĂ©es. Les rĂ©sultats montrent principalement que les Ă©tudes portant sur le dĂ©veloppement d'instruments spĂ©cifiques Ă©taient principalement motivĂ©es par l'inadĂ©quation des instruments gĂ©nĂ©riques dans leur domaine. Aussi, tous les instruments gĂ©nĂ©riques recensĂ©s ont mis l’emphase sur les dimensions relatives Ă  l’aspect physique de la santĂ©, au dĂ©triment des aspects mental et social. Le deuxiĂšme chapitre concerne le dĂ©veloppement d’un instrument gĂ©nĂ©rique plus complet et plus Ă©quilibrĂ© dans sa composition dans le but de mesurer la qualitĂ© de vie reliĂ©e Ă  la santĂ© globale (QVRS-G). Les instruments gĂ©nĂ©riques sont d’un grand apport dans la mesure de la QVRS-G. Leur applicabilitĂ© Ă  tous les patients, quel que soit leur profil de santĂ©, permet de comparer diffĂ©rents programmes appartenant Ă  diffĂ©rents domaines. Dans ce contexte, les instruments de mesure des annĂ©es de vie ajustĂ©es sur la qualitĂ© (QALY) doivent tenir compte de la QVRS-G afin de permettre l'Ă©mergence des meilleurs programmes pour une utilisation plus efficace des ressources en santĂ©. Cependant, de nombreuses diffĂ©rences peuvent ĂȘtre perçues parmi les instruments gĂ©nĂ©riques existants quant Ă  leur composition, oĂč les dimensions liĂ©es aux aspects physiques de la santĂ© sont gĂ©nĂ©ralement mieux reprĂ©sentĂ©es que les dimensions liĂ©es aux aspects mentaux ou sociaux. L'objectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de dĂ©velopper un instrument gĂ©nĂ©rique qui serait complet dans ses mĂ©ta-dimensions couvertes et reflĂ©terait, de maniĂšre Ă©quilibrĂ©e, les aspects importants de la QVRS-G. À cette fin, une procĂ©dure Delphi a Ă©tĂ© organisĂ©e en quatre tours, rassemblant 18 participants, dont sept patients, six soignants et cinq citoyens. La structure de l'instrument issu de la procĂ©dure Delphi a Ă©tĂ© soumise Ă  des tests psychomĂ©triques Ă  partir des donnĂ©es d'une enquĂȘte en ligne auprĂšs de la population gĂ©nĂ©rale du QuĂ©bec (n = 2 273). Le questionnaire rĂ©sultant, le 13-MD, a dĂ©montrĂ© des propriĂ©tĂ©s psychomĂ©triques satisfaisantes. Il comprend 33 items ou dimensions, avec cinq Ă  sept niveaux chacun et reflĂšte, sous une forme Ă©quilibrĂ©e, les aspects essentiels de la QVRS-G en incluant cinq mĂ©ta-dimensions pour la santĂ© physique, quatre mĂ©ta-dimensions pour la santĂ© mentale, trois mĂ©ta-dimensions pour la santĂ© sociale et une mĂ©ta-dimension pour la sexualitĂ© et l'intimitĂ©. Le troisiĂšme chapitre se consacre Ă  l’adaptation de la 2e version du Short Form 6-dimension (SF-6Dv2) aux prĂ©fĂ©rences des patients atteints de cancer du sein et colorectal et aussi Ă  l’étude de la nature et de l’ampleur des diffĂ©rences de prĂ©fĂ©rences pouvant exister entre la population gĂ©nĂ©rale du QuĂ©bec et lesdits patients. La revue systĂ©matique de la littĂ©rature sur les instruments de mesure de la qualitĂ© de vie a permis de constater l’essor des instruments spĂ©cifiques dĂ» au manque de sensibilitĂ© des instruments gĂ©nĂ©riques dans la mesure des gains dans certains domaines. À cela s’ajoute le dĂ©bat considĂ©rable prĂ©sent dans la littĂ©rature sur quelles prĂ©fĂ©rences considĂ©rer dans le dĂ©veloppement des instruments de mesure oĂč certains suggĂšrent de considĂ©rer les prĂ©fĂ©rences de la population gĂ©nĂ©rale, tandis que d'autres optent pour celles des patients ou l'utilisation des deux. Toutefois un pan de plus en plus important de la littĂ©rature plaide pour l’utilisation des prĂ©fĂ©rences des patients car, ce sont ces derniers qui subissent la maladie et sont plus Ă  mĂȘme d’évaluer les Ă©tats de santĂ© dans le choix des programmes devant les impacter. Cependant, spĂ©cifiquement au cancer, aucun instrument basĂ© sur les prĂ©fĂ©rences des patients n’est observĂ©. Ainsi, cette Ă©tude dĂ©crit le dĂ©veloppement d'un nouvel ensemble de valeurs pour un instrument gĂ©nĂ©rique bien connu et trĂšs utilisĂ©, le SF-6Dv2, afin de mieux prendre en compte les prĂ©fĂ©rences des patients atteints de cancer dans l'ACU. Aussi, les prĂ©fĂ©rences de la population gĂ©nĂ©rale du QuĂ©bec ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es et les diffĂ©rences de prĂ©fĂ©rences entre ces deux groupes ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©es. Dans ce but, une approche hybride combinant le time trade-off (TTO) et le discret choice experiment (DCE) a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e. Les donnĂ©es des patients ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es en deux pĂ©riodes : avant (T1) et 8 jours aprĂšs le dĂ©but de la chimiothĂ©rapie (T2). Un total de 2 808 observations pour le TTO et 2 520 pour le DCE a Ă©tĂ© recensĂ© pour le dĂ©veloppement du nouveau value set des patients. Pour ce qui est de l’analyse des prĂ©fĂ©rences de la population gĂ©nĂ©rale, un total de 34 353 observations pour le TTO et 26 719 observations pour le DCE ont servi Ă  cet effet. Le nouveau value set des patients permet une plus grande plage d'utilitĂ© que les value sets de rĂ©fĂ©rence de l'EuroQol-5 Dimensions-5 Levels (EQ-5D-5L) et du SF-6Dv2 de rĂ©fĂ©rence, et aide Ă  mieux prendre en compte les prĂ©fĂ©rences des patients expĂ©rimentant des situations de santĂ© graves. Une bonne corrĂ©lation avec ces deux instruments et d'autres instruments spĂ©cifiques au cancer a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e. Des diffĂ©rences significatives dans les valeurs d'utilitĂ© ont Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© notĂ©es entre les pĂ©riodes et les types de cancer. Concernant les diffĂ©rences de prĂ©fĂ©rences, tant pour les patients que pour la population gĂ©nĂ©rale, la dimension « Douleur » est celle qui contribue le plus au score d'utilitĂ©. Toutefois, des diffĂ©rences notables ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es dans les estimĂ©s. Des diffĂ©rences significatives d'utilitĂ© ont Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© notĂ©es, la population gĂ©nĂ©rale prĂ©sentant des scores d'utilitĂ© moyens plus Ă©levĂ©s. Ces diffĂ©rences se sont accrues Ă  mesure que les Ă©tats de santĂ© se dĂ©gradaient. Cette Ă©tude dĂ©crit le dĂ©veloppement d’un nouveau value set basĂ© sur les prĂ©fĂ©rences des patients avec cancer et met en lumiĂšre la nature des diffĂ©rences de prĂ©fĂ©rences existantes entre les patients et la population gĂ©nĂ©rale du QuĂ©bec afin de mieux les prendre en compte dans la sĂ©lection des programmes. Le quatriĂšme et dernier chapitre dĂ©crit les normes populationnelles pour les valeurs d’utilitĂ© des patients avec cancer en se basant sur le nouveau value set dĂ©veloppĂ© dans le chapitre prĂ©cĂ©dent. Les instruments gĂ©nĂ©riques sont gĂ©nĂ©ralement basĂ©s sur les prĂ©fĂ©rences de la population gĂ©nĂ©rale. Cependant, ils sont souvent critiquĂ©s pour leur manque de sensibilitĂ© dans certains domaines, comme le cancer. Pour aider Ă  pallier ce constat, la derniĂšre version du Short Form 6-dimension (SF-6Dv2) a Ă©tĂ© adaptĂ©e aux prĂ©fĂ©rences des patients atteints de cancer du sein et colorectal du QuĂ©bec. Toutefois, il n'existe pas de normes populationnelles pour ce nouveau value set. L'objectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de fournir des normes populationnelles pour les patients atteints de cancer du sein et de cancer colorectal au QuĂ©bec. En utilisant 353 observations valides, il a Ă©tĂ© constatĂ© que les patients Ă©taient plus susceptibles de donner des scores d'utilitĂ© nĂ©gatifs en T1 qu'en T2. Les hommes semblaient avoir des scores d'utilitĂ© moyens plus Ă©levĂ©s en tenant compte du type de cancer et des comorbiditĂ©s. Par rapport aux dimensions du SF-6Dv2, les femmes Ă©taient plus nombreuses Ă  avoir des problĂšmes de santĂ©, la plupart d'entre elles ayant des problĂšmes de fonctionnement physique. Des diffĂ©rences significatives entre les sexes ont Ă©tĂ© notĂ©es pour toutes les dimensions, Ă  l'exception de la « Limitation des rĂŽles » et de la « SantĂ© mentale ». Les patients atteints d'un cancer multifocal semblaient avoir des valeurs d'utilitĂ© moyennes et mĂ©dianes plus Ă©levĂ©es pour tous les sites de cancer considĂ©rĂ©s. Ces rĂ©sultats seront utiles pour comparer les valeurs d'utilitĂ© ressenties par ces patients dans diffĂ©rents groupes socio-dĂ©mographiques avec d'autres populations souffrantes ou non de la mĂȘme maladie.Abstract : This thesis focuses on the optimisation of quality-of-life measurement tools in the context of quality adjusted life year (QALY) calculation. The first chapter is a systematic review of the literature on the dimensions covered by preference-based instruments and the process of their development. Economic evaluation is of big help in the health care decision-making process. The concept of quality-adjusted life years (QALY) offers a rare opportunity to combine two crucial aspects of health, namely mortality and morbidity, into one index for cost-utility comparison. Today, many tools are available to measure morbidity in terms of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and there is a large literature describing how to use them. Knowing their characteristics and development process is a key point to elaborate, adapt, or select the most appropriate instrument for future needs. To this end, we conducted a systematic review of the instruments used for QALY calculation, and 46 studies were selected after searching in four databases. The results mainly show that studies on the development of specific instruments were mainly motivated by the inadequacy of generic instruments in their field. Also, all generic instruments contain dimensions related to the physical aspect, to the detriment of the mental and social aspects. The second chapter deals with the development of a generic instrument that would be complete in a balanced way for the measurement of global health related quality of life (GHRQoL). Generic instruments are of interest for the measurement of global health related quality of life (GHRQoL). Their applicability to all patients, regardless of their health profile, allows for comparisons between programs. In this context, instruments for measuring quality-adjusted life years (QALY) need to consider GHRQoL to allow the emergence of the best programs for a more efficient use of health resources. However, many differences can be seen among existing generic instruments in their composition, where dimensions related to physical aspects of health are generally represented more often than dimensions related to mental or social aspects. The objective of this study was to develop a generic instrument that would be complete in its meta-dimensions covered and would reflect, in a balanced way, the important aspects of GHRQoL. To this end, a four-round Delphi procedure was organised with 18 participants, including seven patients, six carers and five citizens. The structure of the instrument resulting from the Delphi procedure was psychometrically tested using data from an online survey of the general population of Quebec (n = 2,273). The resulting questionnaire, the 13-MD, showed satisfactory psychometric properties. It consists of 33 items or dimensions, with five to seven levels each and reflects, in a balanced form, the essential aspects of GHRQoL by including five meta-dimensions for physical health, four meta-dimensions for mental health, three meta-dimensions for social health and one meta-dimension for sexuality and intimacy. The third chapter focuses on adapting the Short Form 6-dimension (SF-6Dv2) to the preferences of breast and colorectal cancer patients and on studying the nature and magnitude of differences in preferences that may exist between the general population of Quebec and these patients. The systematic review of the literature on quality-of-life measurement instruments noted the rise of specific instruments due to the lack of sensitivity of generic instruments in measuring gains in certain domains. In addition, there is considerable debate in the literature about which preferences should be considered in the development of measurement instruments, with some suggesting that the preferences of the general population should be considered, while others opt for those of patients or the use of both. However, a growing body of literature argues for the use of patients’ preferences as they are the ones who experience the disease and are better able to assess health conditions for the choice of programs that should impact them. However, specifically to cancer, no instruments based on patient preferences are observed. Thus, this study describes the development of a new set of values for a well-known and widely used generic instrument, the SF-6Dv2, in order to better consider the preferences of cancer patients in the Utility Cost Analysis (UCA). Also, the preferences of the general population of Quebec were collected and the differences in preferences between these two groups were studied. For this purpose, a hybrid approach combining the time trade-off (TTO) and the discrete choice experiment (DCE) was used. Patient data were collected in two periods: before (T1) and 8 days after the start of chemotherapy (T2) with a total of 2,808 observations for the TTO and 2,520 observations for the DCE. For the general population preferences’ analysis, a total of 34,353 observations for the TTO and 26,719 observations for the DCE were collected. The new patient value set allows for a wider range of utility scores than the reference value sets of the EuroQol-5 Dimensions-5 Levels (EQ-5D-5L) or the SF-6Dv2 and helps to better account for patients experiencing severe health conditions. A good correlation with these two instruments and other cancer-specific instruments was observed. Significant differences in utility values were also noted between time periods and cancer types. Regarding differences in preferences, both for patients and the general population, the dimension “Pain” was the most important contributor to the utility score. However, significant differences were observed in the estimates. Significant differences in utility were also noted, with the general population having higher average utility scores. These differences increased as health states worsened. This study describes the development of a new value set based on the preferences of cancer patients and highlights the nature of the existing differences in preferences between patients and the general population in Quebec to better take them into account in programs’ selection. The fourth and final chapter describes the population norms for cancer patients' utility values based on the new value set developed in the previous chapter. Generic instruments are generally based on the general population’s preferences. However, they are often criticized for their lack of sensitivity in some areas, such as cancer. To help rectify this, the latest version of the Short Form 6-dimension (SF-6Dv2) has been adapted to the preferences of Quebec breast and colorectal cancer patients. However, there are no population norms for this new value set. The objective of this study was to provide population standards for breast and colorectal cancer patients in Quebec. Using 353 valid data, it was found that patients were more likely to give negative utility scores at T1 than at T2. Men appeared to have higher mean utility scores when controlling for cancer type and comorbidities. In relation to the SF-6Dv2 dimensions, women were more likely to have health problems, with most having problems with physical functioning. Significant gender differences were noted for all dimensions, except for “role limitation” and “mental health”. Patients with multifocal cancer appeared to have higher mean and median utility values for all cancer sites considered. These results will be useful in comparing the utility values experienced by these patients in different socio-demographic groups with other populations with and without the same disease

    Arthropathies Microcristallines: à Propos de 150 cas a Sénégal

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    Objectif : Les arthropathies microcristallines sont classiquement considĂ©rĂ©es comme rares en Afrique sub-saharienne oĂč la majoritĂ© des Ă©tudes porte sur la goutte. L’objectif de notre Ă©tude Ă©tait de dĂ©terminer le profil Ă©pidĂ©miologique des cas d’arthropathies microcristallines dans le service de rhumatologie du CHU Aristide Le Dantec. MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes : Il s’agit d’une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective menĂ©e entre janvier 2002 et dĂ©cembre 2016 dans le service de rhumatologie du CHU Aristide Le Dantec de Dakar. Nous avions inclus tous les dossiers des patients diagnostiquĂ©s pour arthropathies microcristallines selon les critĂšres en vigueur. RĂ©sultats : Nous avons colligĂ©es 150 cas d’arthropathies microcristallines : 106 cas de gouttes, 37 cas de chondrocalcinose articulaire et 7 cas de rhumatisme apatitique. L’ñge moyen des patients Ă©tait de 58,12 ± 14,12 ans avec des extrĂȘmes entre 31 et 91 ans. Quatre-vingt-douze (86,79%) patients atteints de goutte Ă©taient des hommes et trente et un patients (83,8%) atteints de CCA Ă©taient des femmes. Le dĂ©lai diagnostique moyen des patients atteints d’arthropathies microcristallines Ă©tait de 10,71±8,07 ans. La prĂ©sentation clinique des arthropathies microcristallines Ă©tait polyarticulaire (63 ; 42%), oligoarticulaire (48 ; 32%) et monoarticulaire (35 ; 23,3%) des cas. Les genoux et les chevilles Ă©taient les articulations les plus touchĂ©es avec respectivement 40,7 et 20,7% des cas. L’hyperuricĂ©mie Ă©tait constante et Ă©tait associĂ©e Ă  des facteurs de risque mĂ©tabolique tel que l’obĂ©sitĂ© et la dyslipidĂ©mie avec respectivement 39,62 et 37,74 % des cas.  Conclusion : L’incidence de cette affection semble ĂȘtre en augmentation dans notre Ă©tude oĂč elle est dominĂ©e, comme en Occident par la goutte. Le diagnostic des arthropathies microcristallines Ă©tait tardif et sa prĂ©sentation clinique et radiologique sĂ©vĂšre. Cette sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© est attribuable en partie au retard diagnostic ce qui est similaire aux formes rapportĂ©es chez le noir africain.   Objective: Microcrystalline arthropathies are classically considered rare in sub-Saharan Africa where the majority of studies focus on gout. The objective of our study was to determine the epidemiological profile of cases of microcrystalline arthropathy in the rheumatology department of the University Hospital of Dakar. Material and methods: This is a retrospective study conducted between January 2002 and December 2016 in the rheumatology department of Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital of Dakar. Microcrystalline arthropathies were diagnosed according to current criteria. Results: We collected 150 cases of microcrystalline arthropathies: 106 cases of gout, 37 cases of articular chondrocalcinosis and 7 cases of apatitic rheumatism. The average age of patients was 58.12 ± 14.12 years with extremes between 31 and 91 years. Ninety-two (86.79%) patients with gout were male and thirty-one (83.8%) patients with CCA were female. The average diagnostic delay of patients with microcrystalline arthropathies was 10.71 ± 8.07 years. The clinical presentation of microcrystalline arthropathies was polyarticular (63; 42%), oligoarticular (48; 32%) and monoarticular (35; 23.3%) of the cases. The knees and ankles were the most affected joints with respectively 40.7 and 20.7% of cases. Hyperuricemia was constant and was associated with metabolic risk factors such as obesity and dyslipidemia with respectively 39.62 and 37.74% of cases. Conclusion: The incidence of this condition seems to be increasing in our study where it is dominated, as in the West, by gout. The diagnosis of microcrystalline arthropathies was late and its clinical and radiological presentation severe. This severity is partly attributable to the delayed diagnosis, which is similar to the forms reported in black Africans

    Selective attention of students suffering from primary headaches in a pain free period: a case control study

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    Background: Headache patients frequently complain about difficulties in attention and concentration, even when they are headache-free and psychometric studies concerning attentional deficits in headache patients between attacks are scarce.Objective: To evaluate selective attention of headache patients in a pain free period and compare them with healthy volunteers.Subjects and Methods: We performed, between February 2011 and July 2011, a case-control study, including 45 university students consulting for primary headaches, matched with 45 healthy students as controls. Headaches were classified according to the International Headache Society criteria (IHS, 2004). Subjects with a history of brain injury, epilepsy and visual disturbancies were excluded. Mood disorders were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety Depression (HAD) questionnaire. Selective attention was evaluated using the D-KEFS color-word interference test.Results: Mean age of patients was 23.29 ± 2.55 years, versus 22.89 ± 2.04 years for controls (p = 0.2). Migraine and tension-type headaches were the only diagnosed headache types, respectively 55.56% and 44.44%. The selective attention score was -4.04 ± 7.08 for patients, versus -1.31 ± 7.73 for controls (p = 0.02). The mean mental flexibility score was lower in headache sufferers compared to controls (36.67 ± 6.79 versus 41.33 ± 6.23, p = 0.001). Gender, anxiety and depression scores, and temporal features of headache had no correlation with selective attention score.Conclusion: Selective attention and mental flexibility capacities seem to be reduced in primary headache sufferers in pain free period. These findings could contribute to our understanding of the pathophysiology of primary headaches.Keywords: Selective attention, mental flexibility, neuropsychology, headache, migrain

    Arthropathies Microcristallines : à Propos de 150 Cas au Sénégal

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    Objectif : DĂ©terminer le profil Ă©pidĂ©miologique des cas d’arthropathies microcristallines dans le service de rhumatologie du CHU Aristide Le Dantec. MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes : Il s’agit d’une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective menĂ©e entre janvier 2002 et dĂ©cembre 2015 dans le service de rhumatologie du CHU Aristide Le Dantec de Dakar. Nous avions inclus tous les dossiers des patients diagnostiquĂ©s pour arthropathies microcristallines selon les critĂšres en vigueur. RĂ©sultats : Nous avons colligĂ©es 150 cas d’arthropathies microcristallines : 106 cas de gouttes, 37 cas de CCA et 7 cas de rhumatisme apatitique. Les cas de goutte Ă©taient observĂ©s chez 92 hommes (86,79%) et 14 femmes (13,21%), d’ñge moyen de 55,72 ans (extrĂȘme entre 31 et 91 ans). Le dĂ©lai diagnostique Ă©tait en moyenne de 11,17 ans (extrĂȘme entre 3 jours et 40 ans). L’hyperuricĂ©mie Ă©tait constante et Ă©tait associĂ© Ă  des facteurs de risque mĂ©tabolique. Les cas de chondrocalcinose articulaire Ă©taient observĂ©s chez 31 femmes (83,8%) et 6 hommes (16,2%) d’ñge moyen de 69,05 ans (extrĂȘme entre 59 et 91 ans). Le dĂ©lai diagnostic Ă©tait de 10,46 ans (extrĂȘme entre 1 et 26 ans). Les cas de rhumatisme apatitique Ă©taient constituĂ©s uniquement de femme jeune dont l’ñge moyen Ă©tait de 32 ans (extrĂȘme entre 29 et 34 ans). Conclusion: L’incidence de cette affection semble ĂȘtre en augmentation dans notre Ă©tude oĂč elle est dominĂ©e, comme en Occident par la goutte. Le diagnostic des arthropathies microcristallines Ă©tait tardif et sa prĂ©sentation clinique et radiologique sĂ©vĂšre. Cette sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© est attribuable en partie au retard diagnostic ce qui est similaire aux formes rapportĂ©es chez le noir africain.   Objective: Determine the epidemiological profile of microcrystalline arthropathies in the rheumatology department of the University Hospital of Dakar. Material and methods: This is a retrospective study conducted between January 2002 and December 2015 in the rheumatology department of Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital of Dakar. Microcrystalline arthropathies were diagnosed according to current criteria. Results: We collected 150 cases of microcrystalline arthropathy: 106 cases of gout, 37 cases of CCA and 7 cases of apatitic rheumatism. Cases of gout were observed in 92 men (86.79%) and 14 women (13.21%), with a mean age of 55.72 years (extreme between 31 and 91 years). The diagnostic delay was on average 11.17 years (extreme between 3 days and 40 years). Hyperuricemia was constant and was associated with metabolic risk factors. The cases of articular chondrocalcinosis were observed in 31 women (83.8%) and 6 men (16.2%) with a mean age of 69.05 years (extreme between 59 and 91 years). The diagnostic delay was 10.46 years (extreme between 1 and 26 years). The cases of apatitic rheumatism consisted only of young women whose average age was 32 years (extreme between 29 and 34 years). Conclusion: The incidence of this condition seems to be increasing in our study where it is dominated, as in the West, by gout. The diagnosis of microcrystalline arthropathies was late and its clinical and radiological presentation severe. This severity is partly attributable to the delayed diagnosis, which is similar to the forms reported in black Africans

    Arthropathies Microcristallines : à Propos de 150 Cas au Sénégal

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    Objectif : DĂ©terminer le profil Ă©pidĂ©miologique des cas d’arthropathies microcristallines dans le service de rhumatologie du CHU Aristide Le Dantec. MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes : Il s’agit d’une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective menĂ©e entre janvier 2002 et dĂ©cembre 2015 dans le service de rhumatologie du CHU Aristide Le Dantec de Dakar. Nous avions inclus tous les dossiers des patients diagnostiquĂ©s pour arthropathies microcristallines selon les critĂšres en vigueur. RĂ©sultats : Nous avons colligĂ©es 150 cas d’arthropathies microcristallines : 106 cas de gouttes, 37 cas de CCA et 7 cas de rhumatisme apatitique. Les cas de goutte Ă©taient observĂ©s chez 92 hommes (86,79%) et 14 femmes (13,21%), d’ñge moyen de 55,72 ans (extrĂȘme entre 31 et 91 ans). Le dĂ©lai diagnostique Ă©tait en moyenne de 11,17 ans (extrĂȘme entre 3 jours et 40 ans). L’hyperuricĂ©mie Ă©tait constante et Ă©tait associĂ© Ă  des facteurs de risque mĂ©tabolique. Les cas de chondrocalcinose articulaire Ă©taient observĂ©s chez 31 femmes (83,8%) et 6 hommes (16,2%) d’ñge moyen de 69,05 ans (extrĂȘme entre 59 et 91 ans). Le dĂ©lai diagnostic Ă©tait de 10,46 ans (extrĂȘme entre 1 et 26 ans). Les cas de rhumatisme apatitique Ă©taient constituĂ©s uniquement de femme jeune dont l’ñge moyen Ă©tait de 32 ans (extrĂȘme entre 29 et 34 ans). Conclusion: L’incidence de cette affection semble ĂȘtre en augmentation dans notre Ă©tude oĂč elle est dominĂ©e, comme en Occident par la goutte. Le diagnostic des arthropathies microcristallines Ă©tait tardif et sa prĂ©sentation clinique et radiologique sĂ©vĂšre. Cette sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© est attribuable en partie au retard diagnostic ce qui est similaire aux formes rapportĂ©es chez le noir africain.   Objective: Determine the epidemiological profile of microcrystalline arthropathies in the rheumatology department of the University Hospital of Dakar. Material and methods: This is a retrospective study conducted between January 2002 and December 2015 in the rheumatology department of Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital of Dakar. Microcrystalline arthropathies were diagnosed according to current criteria. Results: We collected 150 cases of microcrystalline arthropathy: 106 cases of gout, 37 cases of CCA and 7 cases of apatitic rheumatism. Cases of gout were observed in 92 men (86.79%) and 14 women (13.21%), with a mean age of 55.72 years (extreme between 31 and 91 years). The diagnostic delay was on average 11.17 years (extreme between 3 days and 40 years). Hyperuricemia was constant and was associated with metabolic risk factors. The cases of articular chondrocalcinosis were observed in 31 women (83.8%) and 6 men (16.2%) with a mean age of 69.05 years (extreme between 59 and 91 years). The diagnostic delay was 10.46 years (extreme between 1 and 26 years). The cases of apatitic rheumatism consisted only of young women whose average age was 32 years (extreme between 29 and 34 years). Conclusion: The incidence of this condition seems to be increasing in our study where it is dominated, as in the West, by gout. The diagnosis of microcrystalline arthropathies was late and its clinical and radiological presentation severe. This severity is partly attributable to the delayed diagnosis, which is similar to the forms reported in black Africans

    L’atrophie multisystematisee a la clinique neurologique Ibrahima Pierre Ndiaye de Dakar, Senegal

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    Introduction:  L’atrophie multisystĂ©matisĂ©e (AMS) est une affection neurodĂ©gĂ©nĂ©rative d’évolution progressive et fatale. De cause inconnue, elle est classĂ©e en deux formes cliniques (AMS-P et AMS-C). Patients et MĂ©thode: Nous avons rĂ©alisĂ© une Ă©tude transversale portant sur neuf patients, membres de sept familles, rĂ©pondant aux critĂšres diagnostiques consensuels de l’AMS. RĂ©sultats: L’ñge moyen de survenue Ă©tait de 43,7 ans. Les syndromes parkinsonien et cĂ©rĂ©belleux ont Ă©tĂ© retrouvĂ©s dans 5 cas, un syndrome pyramidal dans 4 cas et une dysautonomie dans 3 cas. Une dysarthrie Ă©tait prĂ©sente dans 5 cas, des troubles cognitifs et une dysphagie dans 4 cas, des mouvements anormaux dans 2 cas, des troubles du sommeil et une hypoacousie chez 1 cas. La forme AMS-P Ă©tait prĂ©dominante dans 5 cas, la forme AMS-C a Ă©tĂ© retrouvĂ©e chez 4 cas. L’imagerie cĂ©rĂ©brale a objectivĂ© dans 100% des cas une atrophie cĂ©rĂ©belleuse et une atrophie du tronc cĂ©rĂ©bral. L’ENMG Ă©tait en faveur d’une polyneuropathie chez trois patients et une atteinte du VIII a Ă©tĂ© objectivĂ©e chez un patient. Les pedigrees des quatre familles ont mis en Ă©vidence un mode de transmission autosomique rĂ©cessive. Conclusion: L’AMS considĂ©rĂ©e comme sporadique, peut aussi revĂȘtir une caractĂ©ristique gĂ©nĂ©tique. Nous avons rapportĂ© des cas d’AMS chez des personnes issues de mariages consanguins, dont certaines ont des cas similaires dans la famille avec une prĂ©dominance de la forme AMS-P. Une cause gĂ©nĂ©tique avec un mode de transmission autosomique rĂ©cessive est fortement suspectĂ©e. Une Ă©tude gĂ©nĂ©tique s’impose afin d’isoler les gĂšnes. English title: Multiple system atrophy at the Ibrahima Pierre Ndiaye neurological clinic, Dakar, Senegal Background Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease. Of unknown cause, it is classified into two clinical forms (AMS-P and AMS-C). Patients and Method We carried out a cross-sectional study of nine patients, members of seven families, meeting the consensus  diagnostic criteria of the AMS. Results The mean age of onset was 43.7 years. Parkinsonian and cerebellar syndromes were found in 5 cases, pyramidal syndrome in 4 cases and dysautonomia in 3 cases. Dysarthria was present in 5 cases, cognitive impairment and dysphagia in 4 cases, abnormal movements in 2 cases, sleep disturbances and hearing loss in 1 case. The AMS-P form was predominant in 5 cases, the AMS-C form was found in 4 cases. Brain imaging demonstrated cerebellar atrophy and brainstem atrophy in 100% of cases. The ENMG was in favor of polyneuropathy in three patients and VIII involvement was demonstrated in one patient. The pedigrees of the four families showed an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Conclusion: AMS, considered to be sporadic, can also have a genetic characteristic. We have reported cases of AMS in people from  consanguineous marriages, some of whom have similar cases in the family with a predominance of the AMS-P form. A genetic cause with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance is strongly suspected. Genetic study is needed in order to isolate the genes

    Les accidents de cyclomoteurs: mécanismes lésionnels et aspects anatomo-cliniques

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    Le but de notre étude est de décrire les mécanismes lésionnels et les aspects anatomo-cliniques des  traumatismes par accident de cyclomoteur. C'est une étude transversale menée au niveau du Centre  Hospitalier Régional de Kaffrine sur une période de 12 mois. Elle portait sur les patients admis au service d'accueil pour accident de la voie publique impliquant un cyclomoteur. Il s'agissait de 129 patients (112  hommes et de 17 femmes). L'ùge moyen était de 30,5 ans. Soixante-treize patients étaient conducteurs de cyclomoteur, 31 piétons et 25 passagers arriÚre. Le mécanisme le plus fréquent était une chute de moto. Les lésions prédominaient au niveau des membres. Les accidents de cyclomoteur sont un problÚme de santé publique.Key words: Cyclomoteur, lésion, mécanisme, cliniqu

    Epilepsie-absences de l’enfant et de l’adolescent au Senegal aspects epidemiologiques, diagnostiques, therapeutiques et pronostiques

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    Description: L’épilepsie-absence est un syndrome Ă©pileptique gĂ©nĂ©ralisĂ©, frĂ©quent, de cause prĂ©sumĂ©e gĂ©nĂ©tique, caractĂ©risĂ© par la survenue d’épisodes frĂ©quents de rupture brutale et complĂšte du contact sans perte de tonus.Objectif: L’objectif Ă©tait de dĂ©crire l’épidĂ©miologie et les caractĂ©ristiques cliniques de l’épilepsie-absence chez l’enfant et l’adolescent.MĂ©thode: Nous avons menĂ© une Ă©tude transversale longitudinale, portant sur 53 patients, de dĂ©cembre 2003 Ă  mars 2014 en colligeant les donnĂ©es Ă©pidĂ©miologiques, diagnostiques, thĂ©rapeutiques et Ă©volutives. L’analyse des donnĂ©es s’est faite avec le logiciel statistique CSPro 5.0 avec calcul de frĂ©quences et moyennes.RĂ©sultats: Cinquante trois patients dont 42 enfants et 11 adolescents ont Ă©tĂ© colligĂ© avec un Ăąge moyen de 10 ans. L’ñge moyen de dĂ©but des crises Ă©tait de 6,8 ans chez les enfants et 12,4 ans chez les adolescents. On notait une prĂ©dominance fĂ©minine Ă  52,4 % chez les enfants et masculine Ă  63,6 % chez les adolescents. Une consanguinitĂ© parentale Ă©tait retrouvĂ©e dans 55,5 % chez l’enfant et 37,5 % chez l’adolescent. Quarante pourcent des enfants prĂ©sentaient des antĂ©cĂ©dents familiaux d’épilepsie. Les crises survenaient spontanĂ©ment dans 86,8 % des cas avec une durĂ©e moyenne de 10 secondes environ. Le Valproate de sodium a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ© chez tous nos patients avec une maitrise dans 81,6 % Ă  trois mois. L’évolution de l’épilepsie-absence Ă©tait globalement satisfaisante avec des difficultĂ©s d’apprentissage observĂ©es chez 22,6 % des patients.Conclusion: L’épilepsie-absence est frĂ©quente, de causes multifactorielles et peut retentir sur le devenir psychosocial.Mots clĂ©s: adolescent, enfant, Ă©pilepsie-absence, prise en charge, SĂ©nĂ©galEnglish Title: Absences epilepsy of children and teenager in Senegal epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aspectsEnglish AbstractBackground: Absence-epilepsy is a generalized epileptic syndrome, frequent, of presumed genetic cause, characterized by the occurrence of frequent episodes of sudden, profound impairment of consciousness without loss of body tone.Objective: The objective was to describe the epidemiology and clinical features of absence-epilepsy in children and adolescents.Methods: We conducted a longitudinal cross-sectional study of 53 patients from December 2003 to March 2014, collecting epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary data. Analysis of data was done with CSPro 5.0 statistical software with frequency and averaging calculations.Results: Fifty-three patients including 42 children and 11 adolescents were enrolled with an average age of 10 years. The mean age of onset of seizures was 6.8 years in children and 12.4 years in adolescents. We found female prevalence of 52.4% in children and male prevalence of 63.6% in teenagers. Parental consanguinity was found in 55.5% in children and 37.5% in adolescents. Forty percent of children had a family history of epilepsy. Seizures occurred spontaneously in 86.8% of cases with an average duration of about 10 seconds. Sodium valproate was used in all our patients with a mastery in 81.6% at three months. The evolution of absence-epilepsy was generally satisfactory but learning difficulties were observed in 22.6% of patients.Conclusion: Absence-epilepsy is common, have multifactorial causes and can affect the cognitive outcome.Keywords: care, children, absence epilepsy, Senegal, teenage

    Pronostic de l’accident vasculaire cerebral hemorragique chez des patients hospitalises a la clinique des neurosciences Ibrahima Pierre Ndiaye, Dakar, Senegal en 2018

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    Introduction : Les accidents vasculaires cĂ©rĂ©braux hĂ©morragiques (AVCH) reprĂ©sentent 10 Ă  20 % de l‘ensemble des AVC dans les pays industrialisĂ©s. En Afrique, la frĂ©quence est Ă©levĂ©e avec des taux allant de 28% Ă  60%. Ils sont souvent de pronostic rĂ©servĂ©.Objectif : L‘objectif de notre travail Ă©tait dâ€˜Ă©valuer le pronostic Ă  court terme de tous les patients hospitalisĂ©s pour AVCH Ă  la clinique de neurosciences Ibrahima Pierre Ndiaye du CHNU de Fann.MĂ©thode : Il s‘agit d‘une Ă©tude transversale, allant du 1er janvier 2018 au 31 dĂ©cembre 2018, chez des patients hospitalisĂ©s qui remplissaient les critĂšres de diagnostic d‘AVCH.RĂ©sultats : Sur un total de 483 dossiers d‘AVC, 132 cas d‘AVCH ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©pertoriĂ©s soit une frĂ©quence de 27,3 %. L‘ñge moyen des patients Ă©tait de 59,2 ans avec un Ă©cart type Ă  13. Ils Ă©taient de sexe masculin (57,6%), admis aprĂšs 48 heures (42,4%) avec comme antĂ©cĂ©dents l‘HTA (67,5%), la dyslipidĂ©mie (28%) et le diabĂšte (12,1%). La mortalitĂ© Ă  30 jours Ă©tait de 35,6%. Le score ICH moyen Ă©tait de 1,1. La mortalitĂ© Ă©tait de 31,3% pour un score ICH Ă  1. Le trouble de la vigilance et le siĂšge sous tentoriel de l‘hĂ©matome, l‘hyperglycĂ©mie Ă  l‘admission, l‘engagement cĂ©rĂ©bral sous falcoriel et les complications de dĂ©cubitus Ă©taient associĂ©s de maniĂšre statistiquement  significative Ă  la mortalitĂ© Ă  30 jours.Conclusion : Dans notre Ă©tude un score ICH bas Ă©tait associĂ© Ă  une mortalitĂ© Ă©levĂ©e.   English title: Prognosis of hemorrhagic stroke in hospitalized patients at the Ibrahima Pierre Ndiaye Neurosciences Clinic, Dakar, Senegal In 2018 Background: Hemorrhagic strokes account for 10 to 20% of all strokes. In Africa, the frequency is high with rates ranging from 28% to 60%. Prognosis is often reserved. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term prognosis of patients hospitalized for hemorrhagic stroke at the Ibrahima Pierre Ndiaye Neurosciences clinic of CHNU de Fann. Methodology: It was a cross sectional study, from January 1st 2018 to December 31th 2018, in hospitalized patients who met the diagnostic criteria for hemorrhagic stroke. Results: Of a total of 483 stroke cases, 132 cases of hemorrhagic stroke were reported, a proportion of 27.3%. The mean age of the patients was 59.2 years with a standard deviation of 13. They were male (57.6%), admitted after 48 hours (42.4%) with a history of hypertension (67.5%), dyslipidemia (28%) and diabetes (12.1%). The 30-day fatality rate was 35.6%. The mean ICH score was 1.1. The fatality rate was 31.3% for an ICH score of 1. Loss of consciousness, infra-tentorial hematoma, hyperglycemia on admission, subfalcine herniation and decubitus complications were statistically significantly associated with 30-day mortality. Conclusion: In our study a low ICH score was associated with high mortality

    Environmental and occupational risk factors of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Senegal

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    Background: The pathophysiology of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is not well known, but seems to be multifactorial. Genetic and environmental factors increase the risk of developing ALS.Methods: We conducted case-control study from July 2015 to June 2017, comparing exposure to risk factors in 23 ALS cases and 53 controls in the department of neurology of Fann national teaching hospital in Senegal. Results: The mean ages of cases and controls were 44.3 ± 16.3 years and 48.3 ± 17 years respectively. There was a male predominance. In the bivariate analysis, factors significantly associated to ALS were: living outside Dakar (OR: 26.6; 95% CI [5.5-127.7]), farmer profession (OR: 13.3; 95% CI [2.6-69.9]), exposure to pesticides (OR: 15.3; 95% CI [3.7-63.4]), and chemical fertilizers (OR: 5.2; 95% CI [1.7-15.4]). In multivariate analysis, living outside Dakar (OR: 16.4; 95% CI [3.2-82.8]) and exposure to pesticides (OR: 6.0; [1.3-29.1]) were identified as the main risk factors of ALS in this study. Conclusion: We found relatively young ALS patients. This study identified significant role of living outside Dakar and exposure to pesticides. A multi-center study with a larger number of ALS patients would certainly be more accurate in determining more risk factors and their causality in ALS among African population.French title: Facteurs de risque environnementaux et professionnels de la sclerose laterale amyotrophique au Senega
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