The scientific and technological trajectories of four Latin American countries: Mexico, Costa Rica, Argentina, and Brazil

This paper introduces the differences and similarities of interactions between science and technology (S&T) among four Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica and Mexico. Through the analysis of articles and patents data as well as the elaboration of global matrices and national three-dimensional matrices, it was possible to observe the recent trajectory of the scientific and technological production of countries. The results indicate that the Latin American countries have a similar pattern regarding their scientific and technological structure and they are part of a regime characterized by immature National Systems of Innovation (NSI).Latin American countries, science and technology interaction, national systems of innovation

CENAS DE UMA PENA

Publicado os originais no Caderno de Educação e Enfermagem, organizado pela Dra. Maria Celia De Santi, UNIFESP em um parceria com o Nesprom ”“ CEAM ”“ UNB, coordenado pelo Dr. Elioenai Alves. Revista não indexada, fins didáticos. Caderno número 02, maio de 1998.&nbsp

Uso dos derivados da Cannabis sativa para o tratamento de linfomas: o que se conhece até o presente momento?

Introduction: Cannabis sativa is a plant of great medicinal interest due to its various constituents with pharmacological properties, the main ones being cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabidiol (Δ9-THC). A number of studies report the potential of phytocannabinoids for various diseases, including cancer, with lymphomas being cancers that mainly affect the body's defense cells. Objectives: To analyze what scientific evidence there is regarding the antitumor potential of phytocannabinoids against lymphomas. Materials and Methods: This is an integrative literature review using articles indexed in the following databases: PubMed, BVS, SciELO, CAPES Periodical and Science Direct, using the English descriptors: “Cannabis”, “cannabidiol”, “lymphoma” and “apoptosis”, and Portuguese: “Cannabis”, “canabidiol”, “linfoma” and “apoptose”, combined with the Boolean operators AND and OR, published until August 2021. Results: Six studies were found, these being carried out in vivo, in vitro, ex vivo, or clinical trial. The most studied phytocannabinoid was CBD and all selected studies addressed only non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. All trials demonstrated the effectiveness of the use of phytocannabinoids in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and the antitumor effect was demonstrated through the induction of apoptosis, cytotoxicity, antiproliferation, and in the clinical trial by redirecting malignant cells to secondary organs. Conclusions: Most of the results obtained come from in vitro or animal research, with a lack of clinical studies being detected; in addition, more studies are needed in relation to the mechanisms involved in the action of phytocannabinoids against lymphomas and other cancers, since they are still little known.Introducción: El Cannabis sativa es una planta de gran interés medicinal debido a sus diversos constituyentes con propiedades farmacológicas, siendo los principales el cannabidiol (CBD) y el Δ9-tetrahidrocannabidiol (Δ9--THC). Varios estudios informan el potencial de los fitocannabinoides para diversas enfermedades, incluido el cáncer, siendo los linfomas cánceres que afectan principalmente a las células de defensa del cuerpo. Objetivos: Analizar qué evidencia científica existe sobre el potencial antitumoral de los fitocannabinoides frente a los linfomas. Materiales y Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integrativa de la literatura, utilizando artículos indexados en las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed, BVS, SciELO, CAPES revistas y Science Direct, utilizando los descriptores en inglés: “Cannabis”, “cannabidiol”, “linfoma” y “apoptosis ”, y portugués: “Cannabis”, “canabidiol”, “linfoma” y “apoptosis”, combinados con los operadores booleanos AND y OR, publicados hasta agosto de 2021. Resultados: Se encontraron seis estudios, y estos se realizaron in vivo, in vitro, ex vivo o ensayo clínico. El fitocannabinoide más estudiado fue el CBD y todos los estudios seleccionados analizaron solo los linfomas no Hodgkin. Todos los ensayos demostraron la efectividad del uso de fitocannabinoides en el tratamiento de linfomas no Hodgkin, y el efecto antitumoral se demostró a través de la inducción de apoptosis, citotoxicidad, antiproliferación y en el ensayo clínico al redirigir las células malignas a órganos secundarios. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los resultados obtenidos provienen de investigaciones in vitro o en animales, detectándose una falta de estudios clínicos, además, se necesitan más estudios en relación a los mecanismos involucrados en la acción de los fitocannabinoides contra los linfomas y otros tipos de cáncer, ya que todavía son poco conocidos.Introdução: A Cannabis sativa é uma planta de grande interesse medicinal devido seus diversos constituintes com propriedades farmacológicas, sendo os principais o canabidiol (CBD) e o Δ9-tetrahidrocanabidiol (Δ9-THC). Uma série de estudos relatam o potencial dos fitocanabinoides para diversas doenças, incluindo o câncer, sendo os linfomas cânceres que afetam, principalmente, as células de defesa do organismo. Objetivos: Analisar o que há de evidências científicas a respeito do potencial antitumoral dos fitocanabinoides contra os linfomas. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, utilizando artigos indexados nas bases de dados: PubMed, BVS, SciELO, Periódicos CAPES e Science Direct, através dos descritores em inglês: “Cannabis”, “cannabidiol”, “lymphoma” e “apoptosis”, e português: “Cannabis”, “canabidiol”, “linfoma” e “apoptose”, combinados aos operadores booleanos AND e OR, publicados até agosto de 2021. Resultados: Foram encontrados seis estudos, sendo estes, realizados in vivo, in vitro, ex vivo, ou ensaio clínico. O fitocanabinoide mais estudado foi o CBD e todos os estudos selecionados analisaram apenas linfomas não Hodgkin. Todos os ensaios demonstraram a efetividade do uso dos fitocanabinoides no tratamento de linfomas não Hodgkin, sendo o efeito antitumoral demonstrado através da indução de apoptose, citotoxicidade, antiproliferação, e no ensaio clínico por redirecionamento das células malignas para órgãos secundários. Conclusões: A maioria dos resultados obtidos são provindos de pesquisas in vitro ou com animais, sendo detectada uma carência de estudos clínicos, além disso, são necessários mais estudos em relação aos mecanismos envolvidos na ação dos fitocanabinoides contra linfomas e outros cânceres, visto que ainda são pouco conhecidos

SAÚDE MENTAL NO ENSINO SUPERIOR: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

A saúde mental de universitários é uma temática crescente na literatura científica, principalmente devido ao aumento da prevalência de transtornos psicológicos. Com o intuito de aprofundar aspectos como: a vulnerabilidade, fatores de risco e de proteção e consequências para a saúde dos estudantes foi realizada uma revisão de literatura das publicações dos últimos 10 anos.  Elegeram-se as seguintes bases de dados: PsycInfo, Dialnet, Scielo Brasil, PePSic; e a Web of Science e analisados 161 artigos. Contatou-se que Brasil, Estados Unidos e Espanha foram os países com maior número de publicações. A metodologia adotada pela maioria das pesquisas foi a quantitativa, destacando-se delineamentos descritivos, experimentais, correlacionais e transversais. A maioria das publicações tiveram como público-alvo estudantes das áreas de saúde e verificou-se uma necessidade de validação de instrumentos específicos para o contexto acadêmico. Estudos futuros podem ampliar as discussões acerca do suicídio acadêmico e também discutir possibilidades de prevenção, propostas de intervenção e a saúde mental em estudantes de mestrado e doutorado

POULTRY LITTER COMPOSTING AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE OCCURRENCE OF CLUBROOT

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the application of poultry litter with different composting times on the occurrence of clubroot and the development of cauliflower plants. Plots inoculated with Plasmodiophora brassicae (Pb) and fertilized with non-composted poultry litter (PL-0 + Pb) and with poultry litter composted for 15 (PL-15 + Pb) and 30 days (PL-30 + Pb), were tested. As control treatments, we used inoculated plots without poultry litter (Control + Pb), non-inoculated plots (NI) and treated with composted poultry litter for 30 days (PL-30 - NI), and without poultry litter (Control - NI). The degree of stabilization and maturation of the poultry litter affected the severity of the clubroot, the volume and mass of healthy roots and galls, and shoot growth. The treatments PL-15 + Pb and PL-30 + Pb were equivalent to Control + Pb in terms of disease intensity. In the presence of the pathogen (Pb), the application of PL-15 resulted in the lowest volume and mass of healthy roots and shoot mass. The PL-0 treatment was equivalent to the non-inoculated treatments. Further studies are needed to elucidate the processes and interactions related to the effect of maturation of poultry litter composts on root infection and the occurrence of clubroot.Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de cama de aviário com diferentes tempos de compostagem sobre a ocorrência da hérnia das crucíferas e o desenvolvimento de plantas de couve-flor. Utilizaram-se como tratamentos parcelas inoculadas com Plasmodiophora brassicae (Pb) e adubadas com cama de aviário fresca (CA-0 + Pb) e com cama de aviário compostada por 15 (CA-15 + Pb) e por 30 dias (CA-30 + Pb). Como testemunhas utilizaram-se parcelas inoculadas e sem cama de aviário (Testemunha + Pb), parcelas não inoculadas (NI) e tratadas com cama de aviário compostada por 30 dias (CA-30 - NI), e sem cama de aviário (Testemunha - NI). O grau de estabilização e maturação da cama de aviário interferiu na severidade da hérnia das crucíferas, volume e massa de raízes sadias e das galhas e no crescimento da parte aérea. Os tratamentos CA-15 + Pb e CA-30 + Pb foram equivalentes a Testemunha + Pb quanto à intensidade da doença. Na presença do patógeno (Pb), a aplicação de CA-15 resultou em menor volume e massa de raízes sadias e menor massa de parte aérea. O tratamento CA-0 foi equivalente aos tratamentos não inoculados. Novos estudos são necessários para se elucidar os processos e interações relacionados ao efeito da maturidade de compostos de cama de aviário na infecção das raízes e ocorrência da hérnia das crucíferas

Uso de antipsicóticos em idosos: uma revisão de literatura

Alguns fatores são adicionais para a alta prevalência de medicações psicotrópicas na população idosa, com destaque para o abandono familiar, a vivência em lares de idosos e outros transtornos mentais. As drogas antipsicóticas são importantes para o tratamento do sofrimento humano, mas seu uso não deve  ser rigoroso e, sim, combinado com cuidados mais extensos e uma interface maior entre a medicação e a psicoterapia. Objetiva-se o presente estudo identificar os antipsicóticos mais prescritos para população idosa, observando a polifarmácia, as comorbidades e a senescência, disponíveis na literatura. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, cujas referências utilizadas foram coletadas a partir das bases eletrônicas de dados: United States National Library of Medicine (PubMed) e Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), no período de 2018 a 2023. Foram excluídos 77 artigos por não estarem publicados nos últimos cinco anos. Posteriormente, foram selecionados 27 artigos para avaliação da elegibilidade, sendo lidos seus resumos, excluindo-se 14 por não abordarem a temática, 4 por serem revisão de literatura e 2 por estarem incompletos. Assim, a amostra ficou composta por sete estudos Com base nos resultados obtidos no presente estudo, é essencial observar as interações medicamentosas, da mesma forma que as comorbidades, a fim de qualificar as reais condições de administração dos antipsicóticos em idosos. O cuidado se dá devido ao conhecimento dos efeitos adversos dessa classe medicamentosa, necessitando de prudência na escolha do fármaco na população idosa. Logo, os profissionais de saúde necessitam obter conhecimento técnico e científico atualizados, além de adquirir domínio dos melhores cuidados ofertados ao paciente, cujo objetivo é promover qualidade de vida e bem-estar para esses idosos

Violence against women in the Covid-19 pandemic: an analysis of news, memes and videos

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar, a partir de uma perspectiva de gênero, as distintas formas de representação sobre violências que atingem mulheres durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Para tanto, averiguamos como foram veiculadas, na imprensa e nas mídias sociais, notícias, imagens e discursos que apresentam o debate sobre as violências contra as mulheres no Brasil entre março e junho de 2020. Examinamos também imagens representadas em memes e vídeos que circularam nas páginas do Facebook, Twitter, Instagram e WhatsApp. Conluímos que as noticias publicadas na imprensa e a publicações nas redes sociais evidenciam como a COVID-19, durante os períodos de confinamento, desorganizou a sexualização dos espaços, forçando uma reconfiguração das relações de gênero e como consequência o aumento das violências contra as mulheres que estavam confinadas com seus parceiros nos espaços domésticos.This article aims to analyze, from a gender perspective, the different ways of representing the violence that affects women during the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated how news, images and speeches that presented the debate on violence against women in Brazil between March and June 2020, were broadcast in press and social media. We Analized images represented in memes and videos that circulated in Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and WhatsApp pages. We conclude that news published in the press and publications on social networks show how COVID-19, during periods of confinement, disorganized the sexualization of spaces, forcing a reconfiguration of gender relations and the increase in violence against women who were confined with their partners domestic spaces.Universidad Pablo de Olavid

Acceptability of bonbons made with camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia L)

The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate different formulations of camu-camu bonbons, verifying which formulations obtained greater acceptability and maintenance of their nutraceutical potential. The bonbons were made of 2 chocolate-based toppings (white chocolate and milk chocolate), with three types of camu-camu-based fillings (candy, candy + jelly and candy + syrup). A sensory analysis was performed using a questionnaire and a hedonic scale ranging from 9 to 1 to evaluate appearance, colour, taste and texture. The hedonic scale used to assess purchase intentions ranged from 5 to 1. The physicochemical characteristics and bioactive compounds of the bonbons were evaluated. Bonbons had excellent acceptability rates, where consumers would definitely buy bonbons: white chocolate stuffed with camu-camu candy+camu-camu syrup (F3) and milk chocolate stuffed with camu-camu candy (F4). Consumers would ‘probably buy’ white chocolate stuffed with camu-camu candy (F1) based on its texture and high levels of vitamin C (VitC), antioxidant activity (FRAP) and (DPPH), phenolic compounds (Phen), and flavonoids (Flavon). Milk chocolate stuffed with camu-camu candy (F4), white chocolate stuffed with camu-camu candy+camu-camu syrup (F3), and white chocolate stuffed with camu-camu candy (F1) have excellent purchase percentages and levels of VitC, FRAP and DPPH, Phen, and Flavon, and especially titratable low acidity; these formulations are highlighted among consumers. Highlights: Camu-camu bonbons have bioactive compounds and high nutraceutical potential. Different bonbon formulations affect the profile of bioactive compounds in bonbons. The different parts of the camu-camu fruit used in the bonbon’s formulation influence the nutraceutical potential of the products.The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate different formulations of camu-camu bonbons, verifying which formulations obtained greater acceptability and maintenance of their nutraceutical potential. The bonbons were made of 2 chocolate-based toppings (white chocolate and milk chocolate), with three types of camu-camu-based fillings (candy, candy + jelly and candy + syrup). A sensory analysis was performed using a questionnaire and a hedonic scale ranging from 9 to 1 to evaluate appearance, colour, taste and texture. The hedonic scale used to assess purchase intentions ranged from 5 to 1. The physicochemical characteristics and bioactive compounds of the bonbons were evaluated. Bonbons had excellent acceptability rates, where consumers would definitely buy bonbons: white chocolate stuffed with camu-camu candy+camu-camu syrup (F3) and milk chocolate stuffed with camu-camu candy (F4). Consumers would ‘probably buy’ white chocolate stuffed with camu-camu candy (F1) based on its texture and high levels of vitamin C (VitC), antioxidant activity (FRAP) and (DPPH), phenolic compounds (Phen), and flavonoids (Flavon). Milk chocolate stuffed with camu-camu candy (F4), white chocolate stuffed with camu-camu candy+camu-camu syrup (F3), and white chocolate stuffed with camu-camu candy (F1) have excellent purchase percentages and levels of VitC, FRAP and DPPH, Phen, and Flavon, and especially titratable low acidity; these formulations are highlighted among consumers. Highlights: Camu-camu bonbons have bioactive compounds and high nutraceutical potential. Different bonbon formulations affect the profile of bioactive compounds in bonbons. The different parts of the camu-camu fruit used in the bonbon’s formulation influence the nutraceutical potential of the products.

Acceptability of bonbons made with CAMU-CAMU (Myrciaria dubia)

The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate different formulations of camu-camu bonbons, verifying which formulations obtained greater acceptability and maintenance of their nutraceutical potential. The bonbons were made of 2 chocolate-based toppings (white chocolate and milk chocolate), with three types of camu-camu-based fillings (candy, candy + jelly and candy + syrup). A sensory analysis was performed using a questionnaire and a hedonic scale ranging from 9 to 1 to evaluate appearance, colour, taste and texture. The hedonic scale used to assess purchase intentions ranged from 5 to 1. The physicochemical characteristics and bioactive compounds of the bonbons were evaluated. Bonbons had excellent acceptability rates, where consumers would definitely buy bonbons: white chocolate stuffed with camu-camu candy+camu-camu syrup (F3) and milk chocolate stuffed with camu-camu candy (F4). Consumers would ‘probably buy’ white chocolate stuffed with camu-camu candy (F1) based on its texture and high levels of vitamin C (VitC), antioxidant activity (FRAP) and (DPPH), phenolic compounds (Phen), and flavonoids (Flavon). Milk chocolate stuffed with camu-camu candy (F4), white chocolate stuffed with camu-camu candy+camu-camu syrup (F3), and white chocolate stuffed with camu-camu candy (F1) have excellent purchase percentages and levels of VitC, FRAP and DPPH, Phen, and Flavon, and especially titratable low acidity; these formulations are highlighted among consumers. Highlights: Camu-camu bonbons have bioactive compounds and high nutraceutical potential. Different bonbon formulations affect the profile of bioactive compounds in bonbons. The different parts of the camu-camu fruit used in the bonbon’s formulation influence the nutraceutical potential of the products.The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate different formulations of camu-camu bonbons, verifying which formulations obtained greater acceptability and maintenance of their nutraceutical potential. The bonbons were made of 2 chocolate-based toppings (white chocolate and milk chocolate), with three types of camu-camu-based fillings (candy, candy + jelly and candy + syrup). A sensory analysis was performed using a questionnaire and a hedonic scale ranging from 9 to 1 to evaluate appearance, colour, taste and texture. The hedonic scale used to assess purchase intentions ranged from 5 to 1. The physicochemical characteristics and bioactive compounds of the bonbons were evaluated. Bonbons had excellent acceptability rates, where consumers would definitely buy bonbons: white chocolate stuffed with camu-camu candy+camu-camu syrup (F3) and milk chocolate stuffed with camu-camu candy (F4). Consumers would ‘probably buy’ white chocolate stuffed with camu-camu candy (F1) based on its texture and high levels of vitamin C (VitC), antioxidant activity (FRAP) and (DPPH), phenolic compounds (Phen), and flavonoids (Flavon). Milk chocolate stuffed with camu-camu candy (F4), white chocolate stuffed with camu-camu candy+camu-camu syrup (F3), and white chocolate stuffed with camu-camu candy (F1) have excellent purchase percentages and levels of VitC, FRAP and DPPH, Phen, and Flavon, and especially titratable low acidity; these formulations are highlighted among consumers. Highlights: Camu-camu bonbons have bioactive compounds and high nutraceutical potential. Different bonbon formulations affect the profile of bioactive compounds in bonbons. The different parts of the camu-camu fruit used in the bonbon’s formulation influence the nutraceutical potential of the products.