Hand strength in healthy children and teenagers

OBJETIVO: Revisão de literatura sobre força de preensão palmar em crianças e adolescentes saudáveis na faixa etária de quatro a 18 anos de idade. FONTES DE DADOS: Medline, Lilacs e SciELO, no período de 2000 a 2007, utilizando-se as palavras-chave: aperto, mão, força, preensão, criança e adolescente. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: A importância da mensuração da força de preensão é fornecer um índice objetivo da integridade funcional dos membros superiores. Estudos avaliando a força da preensão palmar vêm sendo descritos desde 1956, porém a maioria dos artigos engloba a população adulta (19 a 44 anos) e adulta média (45 a 64 anos). Somente um artigo foi publicado no Brasil a respeito da força de crianças e adolescentes. Os trabalhos relatados correlacionam a força de preensão palmar e variáveis antropométricas. CONCLUSÕES: Estudos com delineamento adequado e amostras representativas são necessários para avaliar a força da preensão em crianças e adolescentes no Brasil. Observou-se que os meninos têm força de preensão palmar maior que as meninas, principalmente após 11 anos de idade. Os fatores antropométricos como peso e altura foram os que mais significantemente se associaram à força de preensão palmar.OBJECTIVE: To review the literature regarding hand grip strength in healthy children and teenagers with four to 18 years old. DATA SOURCES: Databases Medline, Lilacs and SciELO were searched for studies published from 2000 to 2007, using the keywords: grasp, hand, strength, grip, child and adolescent. DATA SYNTHESIS: Measures of hand grip strength are important to provide an objective index of the functional integrity of the upper limbs. Studies evaluating the hand grip strength have been published since 1956, however the majority of them enrolled adults (19 to 44 years-old) and middle-age (45 to 64 years-old) subjects. Only one article was published in Brazil about hand grip strength of children and teenagers. Most studies try to associate hand grip strength and anthropometric variables. CONCLUSIONS: Prospective randomized trials with large number of patients are needed to evaluate the hand grip strength in Brazilian children and teenagers. Boys have hand grip strength greater than girls, especially after 11 years old. The anthropometric factors such as weight and height were significantly associated with hand grip strength

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Hand strength in healthy children and teenagers

OBJETIVO: Revisão de literatura sobre força de preensão palmar em crianças e adolescentes saudáveis na faixa etária de quatro a 18 anos de idade. FONTES DE DADOS: Medline, Lilacs e SciELO, no período de 2000 a 2007, utilizando-se as palavras-chave: aperto, mão, força, preensão, criança e adolescente. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: A importância da mensuração da força de preensão é fornecer um índice objetivo da integridade funcional dos membros superiores. Estudos avaliando a força da preensão palmar vêm sendo descritos desde 1956, porém a maioria dos artigos engloba a população adulta (19 a 44 anos) e adulta média (45 a 64 anos). Somente um artigo foi publicado no Brasil a respeito da força de crianças e adolescentes. Os trabalhos relatados correlacionam a força de preensão palmar e variáveis antropométricas. CONCLUSÕES: Estudos com delineamento adequado e amostras representativas são necessários para avaliar a força da preensão em crianças e adolescentes no Brasil. Observou-se que os meninos têm força de preensão palmar maior que as meninas, principalmente após 11 anos de idade. Os fatores antropométricos como peso e altura foram os que mais significantemente se associaram à força de preensão palmar.OBJECTIVE: To review the literature regarding hand grip strength in healthy children and teenagers with four to 18 years old. DATA SOURCES: Databases Medline, Lilacs and SciELO were searched for studies published from 2000 to 2007, using the keywords: grasp, hand, strength, grip, child and adolescent. DATA SYNTHESIS: Measures of hand grip strength are important to provide an objective index of the functional integrity of the upper limbs. Studies evaluating the hand grip strength have been published since 1956, however the majority of them enrolled adults (19 to 44 years-old) and middle-age (45 to 64 years-old) subjects. Only one article was published in Brazil about hand grip strength of children and teenagers. Most studies try to associate hand grip strength and anthropometric variables. CONCLUSIONS: Prospective randomized trials with large number of patients are needed to evaluate the hand grip strength in Brazilian children and teenagers. Boys have hand grip strength greater than girls, especially after 11 years old. The anthropometric factors such as weight and height were significantly associated with hand grip strength.Em processament