Contribution of bioceramic sealers and resin-based endodontic cements in endodontics

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas MonizBioceramic endodontic cements are endodontic materials made from ceramic particles. They are a class of materials derived from natural minerals or synthetically produced inorganic materials that exhibit excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity. They offer a range of potential advantages over traditional resin-based endodontic cements. Resin-based endodontic cements are the most commonly used materials for root canal obturation. They consist of a binder, such as epoxy resin or acrylic resin, and a hardener, such as a conditioning agent, primer, or polymerization powder. Bioceramics and resin-based endodontic cements contribute to the effectiveness of endodontic treatment. They help create a good seal , provide good compressive strength, and exhibit good biocompatibility . The objectives of this narrative review are: to describe the characteristics of bioceramics and resin-based endodontic cements; to describe the indications for both materials and their mode of application; and to compare the two materials in terms of their characteristics.Os Cimentos biocerâmicos e os cimentos endodônticos à base de resina são ambas opções eficazes para a obturação endodôntica do canal radicular. - Os Cimentos endodônticos biocerâmicos são materiais endodônticos feitos de partículas de cerâmica , eles são uma classe de materiais derivados de minerais naturais ou de materiais inorgânicos produzidos sinteticamente que apresentam excelente biocompatibilidade e bioatividade, eles apresentam uma série de vantagens potenciais em relação aos cimentos endodônticos tradicionais à base de resina. -Os Cimentos endodônticos à base de resina são os materiais de obturação endodôntica mais comumente usados para obturação do canal radicular. Eles consistem em um ligante, como uma resina epóxi ou uma resina acrílica, e um endurecedor, como um agente de condicionamento, primer ou pó de polimerização. Os biocerâmicos e os cimentos endodônticos à base de resina contribuem para a eficácia do tratamento endodôntico. Ajudam a criar um bom selamento , uma boa resistência à compressão e boa biocompatibilidade . Os objetivos desta revisão narrativa são: descrever as características dos cimentos biocerâmicos e dos cimentos endodônticos à base de resina; descrever as indicações para os dois materiais e comparar os dois materiais do ponto de vista das suas características

Preliminary evaluation of the status of olive-infecting viruses in Morocco

Olive is one of the most ancient and important fruit tree crops in Morocco. Olive trees are affected by at least 15 viruses belonging to eight genera. Most of these viruses were isolated from symptomless trees and/or reported in a very limited number of trees. In order to check for the presence of olive-infecting viruses in Morocco, a preliminary survey was conducted during March-April 2014 and a total of 105 samples (cv. Picholine marocaine) were randomly collected from 15 commercial orchards located in three important olive-growing regions: Béni Mellal, Marrakech and Meknès. Samples were tested by RT-PCR, using specific primers, to search for the presence of eight olive viruses: Olive latent virus 1 (OLV-1), Olive latent virus 2 (OLV-2), Strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV), Olive latent ringspot virus (OLRSV) and Olive leaf yellowing-associated virus (OLYaV). About one third (34.3%) of the trees were infected. In particular, the closterovirus OLYaV was the most widespread, as it was detected in 16.2% of the samples, followed by the necrovirus OLV-1 (8.6%), the oleavirus OLV-2 (3.8%), the cucumovirus CMV (2.8%), the sadwavirus SLRV (1.9%), and the nepovirus ArMV (0.9%). The fact that these infections are mostly latent and the increasing of national demand for propagation material of high sanitary standard call for the implementation of a cleanup using both heat therapy and in vitro propagation for the establishment of olive foundation blocks. Key-words: Olive trees, olive-infecting viruses, Morocc

Educating Students Through Understanding the Pathology of Geotechnical Projects

Three projects of end of studies which are related to soil mechanics pathology case histories were undertaken by students at civil engineering department of National Engineering School of Tunis. The two first projects dealt with Joumine and Sidi Saâd earth dams cases. For Joumine dam, concrete slabs of the spillway have been affected by serious disorders. The first disorder is related to the swelling nature of soil foundation of concrete slabs. The second disorder is attributed to high excess pore pressure responsible of slabs up risings. As solution the jet grouting technique was designed to eliminate high pore pressure in the soil foundation of slabs. For Sidi Saâd dam disorders were attributed to high active soil pressures exerted on retaining walls of the spillway. As solution anchored cables were adopted to improve the stability of concrete walls. The third project dealt with four engineering structures crossing Tunis La Goulette express route. All approach slabs were affected by differential settlements due to the existence of highly compressible thick soft clay layers. As solution three soil improvement techniques (rigid inclusions, stone columns prefabricated vertical drains) were compared to stop non admissible consolidation settlements. For each case history, the methodology to diagnose causes of disorders is first presented, second, the utilized approaches, especially those involving finite element codes usage, are highlighted, finally proposal of remedies to re establish suitable exploitation of projects are exposed. This paper well illustrates the great importance for under graduated students, when preparing their works of end of projects, to more understand fundamentals in soil mechanics in parallel with treating serious problems of pathology of case histories

ASSESSMENT OF INTRA OPERATIVE TIME FOR COMPUTER GUIDED POSTERIOR MANDIBLE ONLAY GRAFTING VERSUS FREE HAND ONLAY GRAFTING A RANDAMIZED CLINICAL SPLIT MOUTH TRIAL

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of onlay vertical bone augmentation using patient specific guide in the reduction of intra-operative time and postoperative pain compared to the free hand technique in the vertically deficient posterior mandible ridge using autogenous cortico-cancellous bone. Methods: This study included 10 patients that had bilateral vertically deficient posterior mandibular alveolar ridges. For each patient, half of the ridge was augmented using 3D printed patient specific surgical guide for fixation of autogenous onlay bone graft, while the other half was augmented using free hand autogenous onlay bone graft technique using 3D printed cutting guide for the harvesting of the blocks for both groups. This was followed by a second-stage surgery for screws removal and delayed implant placement 6 months postoperatively. Results: Mean value of the intra-operative time for the study group (31.29±3.72 minutes) was less than that of the control group (40.94±3.04 minutes) which was statistically significant (p \u3c 0.0001). Conclusion: The use of patient specific surgical guide for the harvesting and fixation of onlay bone block in the vertically deficient posterior mandible is an efficient method for reducing the intra-operative time compared to the freehand technique

Energy distribution in formant bands for arabic vowels

The acoustic cues play a major role in speech segmentation phase; the extraction of these indexes facilitates the characterization of the speech signal. In this work, we aim to study Arabic vowels (/a/, /a:/, /i/, /i:/, /u/ and /u:/), especially the long ones. We are interested in characterizing this type of vowels in terms of time, frequency and energy. The cues extracted and analyzed in this work are: segment length, voicing degree and formants values

Electric Motor Drive Selection Issues for HEV Propulsion Systems: A Comparative Study

International audienceThis paper describes a comparative study allowing the selection of the most appropriate electric propulsion system for a parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV). This study is based on an exhaustive review of the state of the art and on an effective comparison of the performances of the four main electric propulsion systems that are the dc motor, the induction motor, the permanent magnet synchronous motor, and the switched reluctance motor. The main conclusion drawn by the proposed comparative study is that it is the cage induction motor that better fulfils the major requirements of the HEV electric propulsion

Advanced Fault-Tolerant Control of Induction-Motor Drives for EV/HEV Traction Applications: From Conventional to Modern and Intelligent Control Techniques

International audienceThis paper describes active fault-tolerant control systems for a high-performance induction-motor drive that propels an electrical vehicle (EV) or a hybrid one (HEV). The proposed systems adaptively reorganize themselves in the event of sensor loss or sensor recovery to sustain the best control performance, given the complement of remaining sensors. Moreover, the developed systems take into account the controller-transition smoothness, in terms of speed and torque transients. The two proposed fault-tolerant control strategies have been simulated on a 4-kW induction-motor drive, and speed and torque responses have been carried to evaluate the consistency and the performance of the proposed approaches. Simulation results, in terms of speed and torque responses, show the global effectiveness of the proposed approaches, particularly the one based on modern and intelligent control techniques in terms of speed and torque smoothness