Use of fermented kitchen waste in rearing Penaeus monodon larvae

Fermented vegetable and kitchen wastes are available as feeds for not only zoea but also mysis and up to certain points in the postlarval stages of sugpo, Penaeus monodon. It is recommended that the hatchery use fermented wastes as larval feed for P.monodon when diatoms or brine shrimp nauplii are lacking or in short supply. Among three stages namely, zoea, mysis and postlarva, the survival rate during postlarva particularly after P SUB-4 was quite low. The problems encountered are as follows: (a) how to prevent fermented particles from lumping, (b) how to prevent them from easily sinking to the bottom, and, (c) how to prevent bacteria and fungi, particularly Lagenidium sp blooming

Identification of the postlarval Penaeus (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae) appearing along shore waters

Diagnostic characters for the identification of postlarval Penaeus appearing along the coastal waters of the Philippines are reviewed and categorized, based on materials from the wild and laboratory. Presently there are 7 adult known species belonging to the genus Penaeus around Panay Island and its adjacent waters, namely: P. monodon, P. semisulcatus, P. merguiensis, P. indicus, P. japonicus , P. canaliculatus, and P. latisulcatus

Edible crustaceans in the Philippines

This is the first of a series of notes on edible crustaceans contributed by H. Motoh, a Japanese aquaculture expert working with the SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department.Cursory information on the biology and economic value of sugpo (Penaeus monodon ) relevant to aquaculturists is presented

Diel fluctuations in catch of the postlarval Penaeus japonicus group

Experiments were undertaken in order to measure the diel fluctuations in the catch of the post-larvae of P. japonicus in relation to the tidal cycles, light conditions and water temperature. The fluctuations are discussed comparing them with other post-larvae Penaeus species appearing along shore waters in the Philippines

Catch composition of penaeid prawns caught with fish corrals at Batan Bay, Philippines

The study was undertaken to ascertain the commercially important species of penaeid prawns caught in Batan Bay, Philippines and their abundance in fish corrals. A total of 12 species were commercially caught: Penaeus monodon, P. semisulcatus, P. merguiensis, P. indicus, P. latisulcatus, P. japonicus, P. canaliculatus, Metapenaeus ensis, M. endeavouri, M. dalli, M. elegans, and Trachypenaeus fulvus

Ecology and life history of penaeid shrimps

Extended abstract only.Fourteen species of penaeid shrimps with commercial value in Batan Bay and Tigbauan-Guimbal waters were identified as follows: Penaeus monodon, P. semisulcatus, P. japonicus, Metapenaeus ensis, M. burkenroadi, M. endeavouri, Metapenaeopsis palmensis, M. stridulans, Trachypenaeus fulvus, and Parapenaeus longipes. Among the 14 penaeids, P. semisulcatus, M. ensis and M. palmensis were found to be the dominant species within each genus. There are seven existing fishing gears for shrimping in the Batan Bay and Tigbauan-Guimbal waters: fish corrals, lift net, filter net, gill net, skimming net, baby trawler and commercial trawler. In general, female penaeids are larger than males. The largest P. monodon female measured was 81 mm in carapace length with 23 g in body weight. The largest male measuring 59 mm in carapace length with 119 g of body weight was caught in Batan Bay. Judging from spermatozoa occurrence on both sexes of P. monodon, the biological minimum size for male is 37 mm in carapace length and 49 mm for female. A total of 133 Penaeus postlarvae obtained from the offshore were identified by comparison with those reared in the laboratory. The postlarvae of P. japonicus-latisulcatus complex were quite dominant (60.2%), followed by P. semisulcatus (18.0%), and P. merguiensis-indicus complex (17.3%). The number of P. monodon postlarvae was relatively small (4.5%). The modal carapace length of P. monodon postlarvae from the offshore was 1.3 mm with three or four dorsal and no ventral spines on the rostrum, while P. monodon fry from the shoreline had 2.3 mm with five or six dorsal and one or two ventral spines

Laboratory breeding of the mud crab Scylla serrata (Forskal) through the zoea and megalopa stages to the crab stage

A series of experiments is being conducted to establish breeding techniques to mass-produce seedlings of S. serrata for pond cultivation to meet the commercial demand for the crab. The objective is to culture the crab through the 5 zoea stages and 1 megalopa stage to the crab stage. A brief resume of the experiments is presented. Heavy mortality occurred at the 1st, 2nd and 5th zoea stages, and during the megalopa stage. Initial mortality is attributed to unfavourable rearing conditions, and later mortality to cannibalism

First Case of Cytokine Release Syndrome after Nivolumab for Gastric Cancer

Introduction: Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a potentially life-threatening systemic disease that has been observed after treatment with antibodies and adoptive T cell therapies. In this case, we observed nivolumab-induced CRS in a patient with gastric cancer. Case Presentation: A 43-year-old male with advanced gastric cancer was treated with nivolumab as a third-line chemotherapy. He had no history of allergies. Eight days after the first administration of nivolumab, fever, tachycardia, appetite loss and increases in liver and biliary enzymes were observed. Computed tomography revealed neither bile duct obstruction nor progression of liver metastases but showed that there was edema of the Gleason sheath. Histopathological analysis of the liver revealed cholestatic liver injury with CD8+ T lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration. Neither viral infection nor autoimmune disease was revealed. His symptoms were similar to those of CRS observed after T cell therapy. We diagnosed his disease as nivolumab-induced liver injury and cholangitis accompanied by CRS based on his serum cytokine levels. Discussion/Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of nivolumab-induced CRS in a patient with gastric cancer

An annotated list of scientific and english common names of commercially important penaeid prawns and shrimps

There are 318 species of penaeid shrimps (Family Penaeidae) recorded in the world, of which about 80 species are placed under exploitation in fishing industry and/or cultivated artificially. The species under the genus Penaeus are particularly favored for human consumption because of their larger size and palatability and are therefore exposed to extensive capture by fishing boats. The shrimp fishing industry has developed in various parts of coastal waters worldwide extending from the temperate to tropical zones in both hemispheres. The nations engaged in shrimp fishing are numerous; Japan, U.S.A., Mexico, Thailand, India, lead in terms of volume of catch. Japan, for instance one of the large shrimp consuming nations in the world, has been dispatching shrimp fishing boats to many countries whether on her own capital or in joint ventures. Japan annually imports some 100,000 tons of frozen shrimp of which penaeids rank first in quantity. Meanwhile, the demand for shrimp is expected to rise in the years to come. The shrimp fishing industry and its operation are conducted and managed naturally, as indicated above, under international agreement. However, confusions arise particularly regarding the common names of shrimp caught or the products. It is evident that many commercial species of penaeids are given common names which differ from one country to another. For instance, the so-called "white shrimp" adopted by commercial circles includes nine different species. Understandably, these nine species, aside form being closely related biologically, are characterized by whitish coloration of the body. The present list was compiled to show the status of shrimp nomenclature, based on available literature, giving scientific names and English common names adopted or applied. The present article is written in the hope that the common names of penaeid shrimp shall be standardized internationally at least in English. Needless to say, the standardization will contribute greatly to world trading, as well as to scientific studies