Konstantin and Ivan Aksakovs' thoughts on the Russian State

The article is devoted to the publications from the collection of articles “Slavophils’ Theory of State” (Moscow, 1898): “The Note on the Internal Affairs in Russia Submitted to the Emperor Alexander II” by K.S. Aksakov (1817–1860), the controversial article “Slavophils’ Theory of State (a letter to the editorial staff)” by Professor A.D. Gradovsky (1841–1889), “The Answer to Mr. Gradovsky about his Analysis of  “The Note” by K.S. Aksakov” by I.S. Aksakov (1823–1886). On the basis of the given publications theoretical views of the brothers Aksakov on the Russian State and criticism of their views by A.D. Gradovsky are discussed.Being one of the first representatives of socio-legal thought in Russia I.S. Aksakov introduced the so-called third element – “society” into Slavophils’ doctrine alongside with such notions as “land” and “state”. In I.S. Aksakov’s opinion the structure of the Russian State should be based on the combination of the absolute autocratic power of the Russian Tsar and a vast development of the system of self-regulation which does not leave a chance for bureaucracy and officials’ arbitrariness to prosper. Besides, the necessity of the legal order should go along with the ideal of “internal truth” which must determine external juridical state laws

Konstantin and Ivan Aksakovs' thoughts on the Russian State

The article is devoted to the publications from the collection of articles “Slavophils’ Theory of State” (Moscow, 1898): “The Note on the Internal Affairs in Russia Submitted to the Emperor Alexander II” by K.S. Aksakov (1817–1860), the controversial article “Slavophils’ Theory of State (a letter to the editorial staff)” by Professor A.D. Gradovsky (1841–1889), “The Answer to Mr. Gradovsky about his Analysis of  “The Note” by K.S. Aksakov” by I.S. Aksakov (1823–1886). On the basis of the given publications theoretical views of the brothers Aksakov on the Russian State and criticism of their views by A.D. Gradovsky are discussed.Being one of the first representatives of socio-legal thought in Russia I.S. Aksakov introduced the so-called third element – “society” into Slavophils’ doctrine alongside with such notions as “land” and “state”. In I.S. Aksakov’s opinion the structure of the Russian State should be based on the combination of the absolute autocratic power of the Russian Tsar and a vast development of the system of self-regulation which does not leave a chance for bureaucracy and officials’ arbitrariness to prosper. Besides, the necessity of the legal order should go along with the ideal of “internal truth” which must determine external juridical state laws

Bullying or Mobbing: Is it Happening in Your Academic Library?

The behaviors of bullying and mobbing have only begun to rise in the public’s awareness or towards the legal standing of harassment. But, like harassment, bullying and mobbing can lead to the same results for employees: a loss of dignity, self-confidence and productivity, as well as an excessive amount of non-work related stress and other related health issues. Unfortunately, librarians, media specialists and other who work in libraries and information centers can also experience bullying and mobbing. It is important for people who work in libraries and information centers to understand bullying and mobbing, and toward that end this article provides definitions and a brief history of bullying and mobbing, presents scientific statistics, describes the characteristics of the various types of bullies, exposes who bullies tend to target and explores what is happening in the legal arena

Brillouin Scattering Studies of La_{0.77}Ca_{0.23}MnO_3 Across Metal-Insulator Transition

Temperature-dependent Brillouin scattering studies have been carried out on La_{0.77}Ca_{0.23}MnO_3 across the paramagnetic insulator - ferromagnetic metal (I-M) transition. The spectra show a surface Rayleigh wave (SRW) and a high velocity pseudo surface acoustic wave (HVPSAW) besides bulk acoustic waves (BAW). The Brillouin shifts associated with SRW and HVPSAW show blue-shifts, where as the frequencies of the BAW decrease below the I-M transition temperature (T_C) of 230 K. These results can be understood based on the temperature dependence of the elastic constants. We also observe a central peak whose width is maximum at T_C.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figure

History Day: Another Outreach Opportunity for Academic Libraries

Participation in History Day by students, teachers, parents, and the community is a unique opportunity to have fun learning about many different aspects of history and to visit local libraries, historical societies, and archives.1 It can be especially rewarding for academic libraries to assist History Day students in their quest for knowledge of the past. History Day provides an excellent outreach opportunity by bringing together many people for a day-long event to learn from each other. In one day, this event encapsulates outreach in action, provides an opportunity to expose students to information literacy and critical thinking, service learning for university students, recruitment of future college students, and collaboration across campus

High temperature behavior of Sr-doped layered cobaltites Y(Ba1-xSrx)Co2O5.5: phase stability and structural properties

In this article we present a neutron diffraction in-situ study of the thermal evolution and high-temperature structure of layered cobaltites Y(Ba, Sr)Co2 O5+{\delta}. Neutron thermodiffractograms and magnetic susceptibility measurements are reported in the temperature range 20 K <= T <= 570 K, as well as high resolution neutron diffraction experiments at selected temperatures. Starting from the as-synthesized samples with {\delta} ~ 0.5, we show that the room temperature phases remain stable up to 550 K, where they start loosing oxygen and transform to a vacancy-disordered "112" structure with tetragonal symmetry. Our results also show how the so-called "122" structure can be stabilized at high temperature (around 450 K) in a sample in which the addition of Sr at the Ba site had suppressed its formation. In addition, we present the structural and magnetic properties of the resulting samples with a new oxygen content {\delta} ~ 0.25 in the temperature range 20 K <= T <= 300 K

Drivers for the Adoption of Risk Management Practices by Farmers in Ghana: Critical Inquiry from the Wa East District

This study seeks to identify the drivers for the adoption of risk management practices among farmers in the Wa East District. The study adopts both Poisson regression and negative binomial models to identify the determinants of adopting risk management practices. However, a statistical test for over dispersion indicates that the Poisson regression model suites the data best. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 200 farm households selected through a multi-stage sampling process. The results revealed that farmers in the Wa East District are characterized by low level of formal education, operating under small scale and lack specialization. Many farm enterprises are kept by a farmer as a way of avoiding production and marketing risk. Farmers were observed to have been practicing many risk management tools with low concentration on financial risk tools. Many variables were hypothesized to have influence on the intensity of adoption but are not found significant. The significant variables include level of education, production capacity and access to services. Therefore, stakeholders interested in marketing agriculture in the Wa East District through promotion should include among their incentives ways of enhancing farmer adoption of risk management practices. Specific concentration should be on provision of credit and extension services to farmers. Farmers with some level of formal education, many farm enterprises and larger farm sizes are adopters of the intensity of risk mitigation measures. Any policy set to promote better farming practices to avoid risk should not fail to include these categories of farmers. Keywords: Adoption of Risk management practices, Wa East District, Poisson Regression, Negative Binomial Distribution, Farmer

Polarity and War: The Weak Case for the Bipolar Stability Theory

The idea that bipolarity is more stable than multipolarity has become dominant in the last decades. However, few studies have used historical cases of bipolarity for supporting or contradicting this theory. This paper briefly describes all the known cases of bipolar systems in history, with their duration, the distribution of power, and major wars. It then compares the occurrence of major war under both bipolarity and multipolarity. The results of this study show that bipolar systems are more unstable than multipolar ones