The Zographensis and Marianus Gospels as Liturgical Books. Part 1: The Glagolitic Stage

Leszek Józef Moszyński, 1928-2006, Uniwersytet Gdański, PolandIn this Polish article, Moszyński provides statistical data on the comparison of Gospel codices, primarily Zographensis and Marianus, as well as references to Assemanius

Greco-Slavic Index Verborum of the Cyrillo-Methodian Translation of The Gospels: A Discursive Article

Leszek Moszyński is a professor of Slavic Philology at Gdańsk University, Poland.Moszyński describes his work on a complete Greco-Slavic index verborum, including all words and all of their uses both in the Greek original text as well as the Slavic translation, in order to determine the translation techniques of SS. Cyril and Methodius as well as to reconstruct both the Greek variant of the Gospels used and the original version of the Slavic.Moszyński outlines the theoretical principles of his work (59-60), including discussion of specific areas where difficulties arise in the Greek and Slavic language systems: the article (61-62), the noun (62-63), the adjective (63), the verb (63-64). Moszyński gives examples of the dictionary entries for each part of speech (66-67) and then gives the statistical data on the parts of speech in Zographensis (67)

Global order and its enemies

Motivation: A series of crises have demonstrated the low resilience of the global economy to shocks and triggered a discussion about the possible end of globalisation understood as the unrestrained growth of mutual trade and business ties on a global scale. The emerging tendencies to shorten supply chains and block trade as well as calls for an active and strategic trade policy are contributing to the decay of the liberal global order built after World War II. The potential disintegration of the world economy into antagonised blocs and the conflict between the Western model of liberal democracy and autocratic regimes should be considered particularly dangerous. The above phenomena deserve the utmost attention, and the desire to understand them has provided inspiration for taking up this topic.Aim: This study aims to define and interpret the concept of global order in both economic and political dimensions. In this context, two interrelated questions are addressed. The first one is about the character of the global order after World War II and the second one concerns the causes and consequences of its decay.Results: The emerging disintegrative tendencies in the global economy and the anarchisation of international economic relations constitute a negative-sum game. Globalisation has allowed most countries in the world to achieve significant gains in wealth. The benefits that it provides to consumers are too great to be consciously abandoned in favour of an autarkic economic model. Capitalism seems to be able to operate under very different political regimes, hence — with all the differences between political models at the national level — it creates an effective platform for cooperation on the global stage. Nevertheless, the end of the “peace dividend” indicates that effectively preventing the danger of armed conflict by means of economic and military deterrence will be an important part of the future world order

Institutional conditioning of the German labour market in the face of the global economic crisis 2008–2009

Aim: The scientific objective of this study is an attempt to clarify the institutional aspects of the functioning of the labour market in Germany that are relevant to the response to the global economic crisis of 2008–2009. Motivation: The reaction of German labour market was totally different than during previous recessions and the explanation of the sources of this response constitutes the main motivation to undertake this study. The considerations rely on the thesis that it could be attributed to the institutional infrastructure combined with clever economic policy of the state and responsible behaviour of social partners. The economic theory suggests how an isolated institution functions, but in the real world they works in the whole institutional network. Therefore the broader context and some linkages are mentioned. Results: After a brief review of the main macroeconomic indicators and selected labour market institutions in Germany in comparison to the OECD countries, the labour market reforms undertaken in the period between 2002 and 2007 will be discussed. Then, selected on the basis of literature studies, institutional buffers of the labour market mitigating shocks are examined with particular emphasis on the instruments of internal flexibility, social partners’ behaviour and institutional connections of labour markets with other domains of economic order. The elements of institutional framework are subject to qualitative analysis backed up by available official statistical data

Spectral Theory of Self-adjoint Finitely Cyclic Operators and Introduction to Matrix Measure L2L^2-spaces

We study finitely cyclic self-adjoint operators in a Hilbert space, i.e. self-adjoint operators that posses such a finite subset in the domain that the orbits of all its elements with respect to the operator are linearly dense in the space. One of the main goals here is to obtain the representation theorem for such operators in a form analogous to the one well-known in the cyclic self-adjoint operators case. To do this, we present here a detailed introduction to matrix measures, to the matrix measure $L^2$ spaces, and to the multiplication by scalar functions operators in such spaces. This allows us to formulate and prove in all the details the less known representation result, saying that the finitely cyclic self-adjoint operator is unitary equivalent to the multiplication by the identity function on $\mathbb{R}$ in the appropriate matrix measure $L^2$ space. We study also some detailed spectral problems for finitely cyclic self-adjoint operators, like the absolute continuity.Comment: 51 pages. Draft versio

ORDOLIBERALISM AND THE MACROECONOMIC POLICY IN THE FACE OF THE EURO CRISIS

The global economic crisis and the crisis in the euro zone exposed the deep differences of opinion between German economists and scientists from Anglo-Saxon countries. The German approach conceptually differs in the views on the strategies and tools of anti-crisis policy, especially fiscal stimulus in the Keynesian-style, quantitative easing monetary policy of the ECB, the question of financial assistance to Greece and restructuring its debt. The other areas of difference are the approach to the rules in macroeconomic policy, fiscal consolidation, and interpretation of current account surplus. Given the size and performance of the German economy it is important to understand the reasons for these opposites, which constitute the research goal of this article. Considerations are based on the thesis that ordoliberal thought still has a strong impact on the practice of macroeconomic policy in Germany and also at the European level. The analysis is built on the short overview of ideological foundations of the German social market economy and its most important postulates, which then will be applied for interpretation of intellectual distinctions between economists from Germany and other countries in the theoretical and practical dimensions of the economic policy observed in Europe. The methodology includes the critical literature studies and the comparative analysis of macroeconomic policy through the prism of economic thought

Remarks on polynomial methods for solving systems of linear algebraic equations

summary:For a large system of linear algebraic equations $A_x=b$, the approximate solution $x_k$ is computed as the $k$-th order Fourier development of the function $1/z$, related to orthogonal polynomials in $L^2(\Omega)$ space. The domain $\Omega$ in the complex plane is assumed to be known. This domain contains the spectrum $\sigma(A)$ of the matrix $A$. Two algorithms for $x_k$ are discussed. Two possibilities of preconditioning by an application of the so called Richardson iteration process with a constant relaxation coefficient are proposed. The case when Jordan blocs of higher dimension are present is discussed, with the following conslusion: in such a case application of the Sobolev space $H^s(\Omega)$ may be resonable, with $s$ equal to the dimension of the maximal Jordan bloc. The paper contains several numerical examples

Institutional conditioning of the German labour market in the face of the global economic crisis 2008–2009

Aim: The scientific objective of this study is an attempt to clarify the institutional aspects of the functioning of the labour market in Germany that are relevant to the response to the global economic crisis of 2008–2009.Motivation: The reaction of German labour market was totally different than during previous recessions and the explanation of the sources of this response constitutes the main motivation to undertake this study. The considerations rely on the thesis that it could be attributed to the institutional infrastructure combined with clever economic policy of the state and responsible behaviour of social partners. The economic theory suggests how an isolated institution functions, but in the real world they works in the whole institutional network. Therefore the broader context and some linkages are mentioned.Results: After a brief review of the main macroeconomic indicators and selected labour market institutions in Germany in comparison to the OECD countries, the labour market reforms undertaken in the period between 2002 and 2007 will be discussed. Then, selected on the basis of literature studies, institutional buffers of the labour market mitigating shocks are examined with particular emphasis on the instruments of internal flexibility, social partners’ behaviour and institutional connections of labour markets with other domains of economic order. The elements of institutional framework are subject to qualitative analysis backed up by available official statistical data

Exit Strategies From the Crisis on the Example of the Baltic States

The aim of this paper is to analyze the macroeconomic policy of the Baltic states in response to the financial crisis of the years 2007-2010. The considerations are based on the thesis that the general direction of the macroeconomic policy chosen by the analyzed countries is correct. The consistent maintaining of a fixed exchange rate during the crisis aroused much controversy and was criticized in the literature.  In the study, particular attention was paid to the issues of exchange rate, which has constituted the key element of the policy, both in the initial period of transformation, as well as in the times of recession. The first part of the study concentrates on the specificities of small open economies of the Baltic countries and on the determinants of their monetary and exchange rate policy. Subsequently, the economic situation of the Baltic republics in the face of the crisis was characterized, indicating the main factors increasing their vulnerability to economic shocks. The next subject of the analysis was the macroeconomic policies in response to the deep recession. The considerations were intended to assess the validity of maintaining a fixed exchange rate policy as a core element of an anti-crisis strategy. The methods used in solving the scientific problem were the critical literature studies and the analysis of macroeconomic indicators