GESTATIONAL HISTORY OF WOMEN WITH URINARY INCONTINENCE

Objective: to analyze the relationship between gestational history and urinary incontinence in women.Method: an exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study, conducted with 227 women with urinary incontinence treated in a reference outpatient unit in the South of Brazil, identifying gestational history and incontinence subtype. To analyze the association, the chi-square and Cramér’s V tests were used, with a 5% significance level.Results: mixed urinary incontinence (87.2%; n=198) was predominant, with 89% for two or more pregnancies, and vaginal deliveries (two or more) occurred more frequently (71.4%) than cesarean sections (14.5%) for two or more pregnancies; 64.3% underwent episiotomy. There was no statistical significance between the incontinence subtypes and the gestational history variables.Conclusion: mixed urinary incontinence was the most present subtype. Multiparity and vaginal delivery characterize this group. The importance of pelvic floor preparation in the peri-gestational period is shown, minimizing the impact of incontinence in this population.Objetivo: analizar la relación entre historia gestacional e incontinencia urinaria en mujeres. Método: estudio descriptivo exploratorio, de corte cuantitativo, con 227 mujeres con incontinencia urinaria atendidas en una clínica de referencia en el sur de Brasil, habiéndose identificado antecedentes gestacionales y subtipo de incontinencia. Para el análisis de asociación se utilizaron las pruebas de Chi-cuadrado y V de Cramer, con un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: predominó la incontinencia urinaria mixta (87,2%; n = 198), con 89% para dos o más embarazos, y el parto vaginal (dos o más) fue más frecuente (71,4%) que la cesárea (14,5%) para dos o más partos, el 64,3% recibió episiotomía. No hubo significación estadística entre los subtipos de incontinencia y las variables del historial gestacional. Conclusión: la incontinencia urinaria mixta fue el subtipo más común. La multiparidad y el parto vaginal caracterizaron a este grupo. Se demuestra la importancia de preparar el suelo pélvico en el período perigestacional para minimizar el impacto de la incontinencia en esta población.Objetivo: analisar a relação do histórico gestacional com a incontinência urinária em mulheres.Método: estudo exploratório descritivo de corte transversal quantitativo, com 227 mulheres com incontinência urinária atendidas em um ambulatório de referência do sul brasileiro, identificando histórico gestacional e subtipo de incontinência. Para análise de associação, utilizou-se os testes qui-quadrado e V de Cramér, nível de significância de 5%.Resultados: a incontinência urinária mista (87,2%; n=198) foi predominante, com 89% para duas ou mais gestações, e o parto vaginal (dois ou mais) foi mais ocorrente (71,4%) do que a cesariana (14,5%) para dois ou mais, 64,3% receberam episiotomia. Não houve significância estatística entre os subtipos de incontinência e as variáveis de histórico gestacional.Conclusão: a incontinência urinária mista foi o subtipo mais presente. A multiparidade e parto vaginal caracterizaram este grupo. Demonstra-se a importância do preparo do assoalho pélvico no período perigestacional, minimizando o impacto da incontinência nesta população

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY AND HANDGRIP STRENGTH IN PEOPLE WITH DIABETES MELLITUS

Objective: to investigate the association between handgrip strength and functional capacity in people with diabetes.Method: observational cross-sectional study with 168 participants seen at an outpatient clinic in Curitiba, Brazil, in 2019. Clinical, sociodemographic, and socioeconomic data were collected, and the following protocols were applied: World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule; Timed Up and Go; and dynamometry. For the analysis, multiple linear regression models were adjusted for the dependent variables related to functional capacity.Results: we observed mild disability, borderline functional mobility, and higher correlation between functional mobility scale and handgrip strength (r=-0.384; p < 0.01). Handgrip strength with other covariates explained less than 30% of the functional variability.Conclusion: these results contribute to the problem-solving of clinical practice in that they show that muscle strength and functional capacity should be considered in the evaluation of the patient in combination, making it clearer and more comprehensive.

ASOCIACIÓN ENTRE LA CAPACIDAD FUNCIONAL Y LA FUERZA DE PRENSIÓN MANUAL EN PERSONAS CON DIABETES MELLITUS

Objetivo: investigar la asociación entre la fuerza de prensión manual y la capacidad funcional en personas con diabetes.Método: estudio observacional transversal con 168 participantes atendidos en una clínica ambulatoria en Curitiba, Brasil, en 2019. Se recogieron datos clínicos, sociodemográficos y socioeconómicos, y se aplicaron los siguientes protocolos: World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule; Timed Up and Go y dinamometría. Para el análisis, se ajustaron modelos de regresión lineal múltiple para las variables dependientes relacionadas con la capacidad funcional.Resultados: se observó una discapacidad leve, una movilidad funcional limítrofe y una mayor correlación entre la escala de movilidad funcional y la fuerza de prensión manual (r=-0,384; p < 0,01). La fuerza de prensión manual con otras covariables explicó menos del 30% de la variabilidad funcional.Conclusión: estos resultados contribuyen a la resolución de la práctica clínica, ya que muestran que la fuerza muscular y la capacidad funcional deben considerarse en la evaluación del paciente de forma combinada, haciéndola más clara y complet

ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE CAPACIDADE FUNCIONAL E FORÇA DE PREENSÃO MANUAL EM PESSOAS COM DIABETES MELLITUS

Objetivo: investigar a associação entre força de preensão manual e capacidade funcional de pessoas com diabetes. Método: estudo observacional de corte transversal com 168 participantes atendidos num ambulatório de Curitiba, Brasil, em 2019. Coletaram-se dados clínicos, sociodemográficos, socioeconômicos e aplicados os protocolos: World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule; Timed Up and Go e dinamometria. Para a análise, foram ajustados modelos de regressão linear múltipla para as variáveis dependentes relativas à capacidade funcional. Resultados: observou-se incapacidade leve, mobilidade funcional limítrofe, e maior correlação entre a escala de mobilidade funcional e força de preensão manual (r=-0,384; p < 0,01). A força de preensão manual com outras covariáveis explicaram menos de 30% da variabilidade funcional. Conclusão: esses resultados contribuem para a resolutividade da prática clínica na medida em que evidenciam que a força muscular e a capacidade funcional devem ser consideradas na avaliação do paciente de forma combinada, tornando-a mais clara e abrangente

Therapeutic ultrasound as a potential male contraceptive: power, frequency and temperature required to deplete rat testes of meiotic cells and epididymides of sperm determined using a commercially available system

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Studies published in the 1970s by Mostafa S. Fahim and colleagues showed that a short treatment with ultrasound caused the depletion of germ cells and infertility. The goal of the current study was to determine if a commercially available therapeutic ultrasound generator and transducer could be used as the basis for a male contraceptive.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and their testes were treated with 1 MHz or 3 MHz ultrasound while varying power, duration and temperature of treatment.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found that 3 MHz ultrasound delivered with 2.2 Watt per square cm power for fifteen minutes was necessary to deplete spermatocytes and spermatids from the testis and that this treatment significantly reduced epididymal sperm reserves. 3 MHz ultrasound treatment reduced total epididymal sperm count 10-fold lower than the wet-heat control and decreased motile sperm counts 1,000-fold lower than wet-heat alone. The current treatment regimen provided nominally more energy to the treatment chamber than Fahim's originally reported conditions of 1 MHz ultrasound delivered at 1 Watt per square cm for ten minutes. However, the true spatial average intensity, effective radiating area and power output of the transducers used by Fahim were not reported, making a direct comparison impossible. We found that germ cell depletion was most uniform and effective when we rotated the therapeutic transducer to mitigate non-uniformity of the beam field. The lowest sperm count was achieved when the coupling medium (3% saline) was held at 37 degrees C and two consecutive 15-minute treatments of 3 MHz ultrasound at 2.2 Watt per square cm were separated by 2 days.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The non-invasive nature of ultrasound and its efficacy in reducing sperm count make therapeutic ultrasound a promising candidate for a male contraceptive. However, further studies must be conducted to confirm its efficacy in providing a contraceptive effect, to test the result of repeated use, to verify that the contraceptive effect is reversible and to demonstrate that there are no detrimental, long-term effects from using ultrasound as a method of male contraception.</p

Long COVID After Bamlanivimab Treatment

BackgroundProspective evaluations of long COVID in outpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are lacking. We aimed to determine the frequency and predictors of long COVID after treatment with the monoclonal antibody bamlanivimab in ACTIV-2/A5401.MethodsData were analyzed from participants who received bamlanivimab 700 mg in ACTIV-2 from October 2020 to February 2021. Long COVID was defined as the presence of self-assessed COVID symptoms at week 24. Self-assessed return to pre-COVID health was also examined. Associations were assessed by regression models.ResultsAmong 506 participants, median age was 51 years. Half were female, 5% Black/African American, and 36% Hispanic/Latino. At 24 weeks, 18% reported long COVID and 15% had not returned to pre-COVID health. Smoking (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 2.41 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.34- 4.32]), female sex (aRR, 1.91 [95% CI, 1.28-2.85]), non-Hispanic ethnicity (aRR, 1.92 [95% CI, 1.19-3.13]), and presence of symptoms 22-28 days posttreatment (aRR, 2.70 [95% CI, 1.63-4.46]) were associated with long COVID, but nasal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA was not.ConclusionsLong COVID occurred despite early, effective monoclonal antibody therapy and was associated with smoking, female sex, and non-Hispanic ethnicity, but not viral burden. The strong association between symptoms 22-28 days after treatment and long COVID suggests that processes of long COVID start early and may need early intervention.Clinical trials registrationNCT04518410

Association Between Anterior Nasal and Plasma SARS-CoV-2 RNA Levels and Hospitalization or Death in Nonhospitalized Adults With Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19

BackgroundThere is little information regarding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA as a predictor for clinical outcomes in outpatients with mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).MethodsAnterior nasal (AN) and plasma SARS-CoV-2 RNA data from 2115 nonhospitalized adults who received monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or placebo in the ACTIV-2/A5401 trial were analyzed for associations with hospitalization or death.ResultsOne hundred two participants were hospitalized or died through 28 days of follow-up. Higher day 0 (pretreatment) AN RNA was associated with increasing risk of hospitalization/death (risk ratio [RR], 1.24 per log10 copies/mL [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.04-1.49]) among placebo recipients, ranging from 3% to 16% for &lt;2 to ≥6 log10 copies/mL. Although only 1% had quantifiable levels, there was a similar trend across day 0 plasma RNA categories. Higher day 3 AN RNA was associated with subsequent hospitalization/death among placebo recipients (RR, 1.42 per log10 copies/mL [95% CI, 1.00-2.03]), but not mAb recipients (RR, 1.02 per log10 copies/mL [95% CI, 0.68-1.56]). The proportion of treatment effect (reduction in hospitalizations/deaths after day 3 for mAb vs placebo) explained by day 3 AN RNA was 8%.ConclusionsSARS-CoV-2 RNA levels are predictive of hospitalization/death in the natural history setting, but AN RNA levels may not be a reliable surrogate marker of mAb treatment effect in COVID-19 trials. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04518410