Behaviour of 4-(4-acetoaminophenyl)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid towards carbon and nitrogen nucleophiles and use of these products in the synthesis of some interesting heterocycles

The present work is devoted to study the interaction of-aroylacrylic acid derivative (1) with some containing active methylene compounds under Michael reaction conditions and afforded the Michael adducts (2a-e). When compound 1 was allowed to react with cyclohexanone in the presence of ammonium acetate as catalyst, it afforded hydroquinoline derivative (3). Interaction of the acid 1 with highly and moderately reactive hydrocarbons e.g. p-xylene and acetanilide in the presence of anhydrous aluminumchloride under Friedel-Crafts reaction conditions afforded (4a-b). On the other hand, when the acid 1 was allowed to react with benzyl amine in dry benzene yielded 2-benzylamino-4-(4-acetaminophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid (5). This later compound was used to synthesize some heterocyclic compounds (7-11). Also, aza Michael adduct (6) used asthe key starting material for the synthesis of some interesting heterocyclic compounds e.g. pyridazinone, oxazinoneand furanone derivatives (13-16)

Some Chemical Aspects of Tetrahydro-1-thiopyran-4-one Derivatives

3,5-Diarylmethylene-2,6-diphenyltetrahydrothiopyran-4-thiones, 2, reacted with two or four moles of bromine to form 3-aryimethylene 5-bromoarylmethylene- 2,6-dipheny1tetrahydrothiopyran- -4-thione, 3, and 3-arylmethylene-5-bromoarylmethylene-2,6-dibromo- 2,6-diphenyltetrahydrothiopyran-4-thione, 5, respectively. Compound 2a reacted with amines giving 2,6-diphenyl-5-iminophenylmethyl- 3-phenylmethylenetetrahydrothiopyran-4-thiones, 6. Diphenydiazomethane and 9-diazofluorene converted 2a into 4-diphenylethylene- 2,6-dipheny1-3,5 diphenylmethylenetetrahydrothiopyran, 7, and 2,6-diphenyl-3,5-diphenylmethylene-4-(9-fluorenylidene) tetrahydrothiopyran, 8, respectively. Compounds 2 with copper-bronze afforded 3,3\u27,5,5\u27-tetraarylmethylene-2,2\u27 ,6,6\u27-tetraphenyl-Lr-thio- 4,4\u27 dipyranylidenes

Optical Properties of Bismuth Borate Glasses Doped with Zinc and Calcium Oxides

Some bismuth-borate oxide glass' samples were prepared by the fast quenching method, where B2O3 was replaced with equal concentrations of ZnO and CaO. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to examine the internal structure and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) to identify building units and bonds throughout the studied structural matrices. XRD showed that all samples have short range order structural nature, while FTIR demonstrated some of Zn2+ acted as glass network formers and all Bi3+ acted as glass. UV-visible measurements and calculations showed a decreasing in the energy band gap from 3.83 eV to 1.73 eV with decreasing B2O3 content. Also with decreasing B2O3 content, both real refractive index and metallization factor decreased from 3.1 to 1.9 and from 0.56 to 0.71, respectively. For the studied glass' samples, density and molar volume showed inverted behaviors, where the density decreased while the molar volume increases with decreasing B2O3

Utility of 4-(4-acetoaminophenyl)-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid to prepare Pyranand Pyridine derivatives as building blocks in Heterocyclic Synthesis

The present work is devoted to study the interaction of β -aroylacrylic acid derivative (1) with malononitrile in the presence of piperidine and/or ammonium acetate, then using the formed compounds as a starting material for synthesizing fused and isolated heterocyclic system. Ithas been established that the β-aroylacrylic acid (1) reactwith malononitrile in (DMF) in the presence of piperidineas catalyst with formation of 4H-pyran derivative (2). Bychanging the catalyst into ammonium acetate, pyridine derivative (3) has been obtained. When compound (2) wasallowed to react with triethylorthoformate afforded ethoxymethyleneamino-4H-pyran (4). Compound (4) was used askey starting material for synthesizing some interesting annulated and heterocyclic systems (5-8). Also, the maleamic acid derivatives (9) and (15) have been synthesized via the interaction of (2) and (3) with maleic anhydride to study the behavior of the formed maleamic acid derivatives asanalogies of β-aroylacrylic towards different active methylene compounds under Michael addition reaction (10-14); (16-18)

Amenability of heap leaching technology on uranium extraction from Gattar and El Missikat area, Eastern Desert, Egypt: A kinetic approach

Studies of uranium heap leaching from different uranium mineralization situated in Eastern Desert of Egypt was investigated via batch experiments, followed by its optimum condition applicationon column percolationtests.The optimum process operating parameters were implemented on large column scale in order to make more condition control and evaluate the time and reagents needed in the large scale. The results show thatleaching efficiency of GIIattained about 78.3% with 34kg/ton acid consumption in a 44 days period, while leaching efficiency of El-Missikat attained about 86.6% with 28kg/ton acid consumption in a 40 days period.Kinetics reaction models of column tests have been investigated to optimize the column leaching behavior. Based on the leaching results of two mineralized samples, the rate of the uranium metal dissolution is controlled by the chemical reaction and the diffusion reaction but diffusion reaction control was more predominate than a chemical reaction control

Influence of Sunflower Whole Seeds or Oil on Ruminal Fermentation, Milk Production, Composition, and Fatty Acid Profile in Lactating Goats

This study aimed to investigate the effect of sunflower seeds, either as whole or as oil, on rumen fermentation, milk production, milk composition and fatty acids profile in dairy goats. Fifteen lactating Damascus goats were divided randomly into three groups (n = 5) fed a basal diet of concentrate feed mixture and fresh Trifolium alexandrinum at 50:50 on dry matter basis (Control) in addition to 50 g/head/d sunflower seeds whole (SS) or 20 mL/head/d sunflower seeds oil (SO) in a complete randomized design. Milk was sampled every two weeks during 90 days of experimental period for chemical analysis and rumen was sampled at 30, 60, and 90 days of the experiment for ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids (tVFA), and ammonia-N determination. Addition of SO decreased (p = 0.017) ruminal pH, whereas SO and SS increased tVFA (p<0.001) and acetate (p = 0.034) concentrations. Serum glucose increased (p = 0.013) in SO and SS goats vs Control. The SO and SS treated goats had improved milk yield (p = 0.007) and milk fat content (p = 0.002). Moreover, SO increased milk lactose content (p = 0.048) and feed efficiency (p = 0.046) compared to Control. Both of SS and SO increased (p<0.05) milk unsaturated fatty acids content specially conjugated linolenic acid (CLA) vs Control. Addition of SS and SO increased (p = 0. 021) C18:3N3 fatty acid compared to Control diet. Data suggested that addition of either SS or SO to lactating goats ration had beneficial effects on milk yield and milk composition with enhancing milk content of healthy fatty acids (CLA and omega 3), without detrimental effects on animal performance. (Key Words: Fatty Acid Profile, Lactating Goats, Milk Composition, Sunflower Seeds, Sunflower Oil

Protective Effects of Simvastatin, a Lipid Lowering Agent, against Oxidative Damage in Experimental Diabetic Rats

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the possible protective effects of simvastatin (SMV) against oxidative stress in streptozotocin- (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced experimentally in rats by i.p. injection of STZ in a dose of 60 mg/kg bwt. After 5 weeks of STZ injection, there were apparent reductions in the animal body weight and significant increase in blood glucose, HbA1c, urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, and lipid profiles with a concomitant decrease in total hemoglobin, plasma glutathione and vitamin C as compared to the control group. The treatment with SMV at a dose (10 mg/kg, orally) normalized all the above-mentioned biochemical parameters in STZ-induced diabetic rats. In vitro studies confirmed the free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of SMV. Therefore, the present results revealed that SMV has a protective effect against STZ-induced oxidative damage by scavenging the free radicals generation and restoring the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant systems

The correlation between increasing Body Mass Index and the incidence of local recurrence and distant metastasis in breast cancer patients

OBJECTIVE: Patients with breast cancer (BC) who are obese or overweight at the time of diagnosis have a low survival rate and a high death rate. We aimed to investigate if having a higher body mass index (BMI) at diagnosis raised the risk of local recurrence (LR) and distant metastasis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were divided into three categories based on their BMI. The patient's BMI was determined by dividing his weight in kilograms by his height in square meters (kg/m2). The WHO defines normal weight as 18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2, overweight as 25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2, and obesity as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. RESULTS: The mean BMI was 30.27±6.06 kg/m2. Out of 250 patients, 60 (24.0%), 73 (29.2%) and 117 (46.8%) patients had normal, overweight and obese BMI respectively. No significant difference between BMI and estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) was found, but there was an association between tumor (T) stage and lymph vascular invasion (LVI) (p<0.05). Obese patients had poorer disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) than normal and overweight categories (35.38 ±1.72 vs. 42.38 ± 2.79 and 37.82 ± 2.27 months) (39.65±1.65 vs.45.70 ± 2.53 and 44.31 ± 2.04 months) (p<0.001). LR occurs more prevalent in over-weight and obese patients than normal (p<0.03) but there is no significant difference for distant metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: There is a strong negative association between increased BMI and BC prognosis and patient survival; controlling of this phenomenon may improve the response to treatment and survival, therefore health awareness programs should be implemented

Ion Flotation of Copper(II) and Lead(II) from Environmental Water Samples

The present study aims to develop a simple, rapid and economic procedure for copper(II) and lead(II) removal under the optimum conditions investigated. It is based on the complex formation between Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions and diphenylcarbazone (HDPC) followed by flotation with oleic acid (HOL) surfactant. The different parameters (namely: solution pH, HDPC, HOL, copper and lead concentrations, ionic strength, temperature and the presence of foreign ions) influencing the flotation process were examined. Nearly, 100% of Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions were removed from aqueous solutions at pHs 6 and 7, respectively at room temperature (~25 \ub0C). The procedure was successfully applied to recover almost copper(II) and lead(II) spiked to some natural water samples. Due to the rapid, simple and economic nature of the procedure, a flotation mechanism is suggested for metal removal in wastewater systems