Medium Mediated Effects Increase cell Killing in a Human Keratinocyte Cell Line Exposed to Solar Simulated Radiation

Purpose: The objective of this study is to investigate whether cell culture medium is 40 a biologically relevant exposure medium that can be employed in non-ionising photobiological investigations. 42 Methods: The effect of solar simulated irradiation on cell culture medium and its ability to elicit cell death was studied. The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell 44 secreted factors, and the contribution of individual components of the medium were investigated. 46 Results: Cell death was found to be primarily mediated through the formation of ROS via riboflavin photosensitisation and degradation in the cell culture medium. Phenol 48 red was found to significantly reduce the cell killing ability of riboflavin. Exposures in riboflavin free medium resulted in significantly increased cell survival compared to 50 identical exposures in riboflavin containing medium. Conclusions: This study has shown that solar radiation toxicity is augmented by cell 52 culture medium due to the presence of riboflavin. Results suggest that exposures performed in phenol red free medium may serve to increase phototoxic effects if 54 riboflavin is present. Riboflavin free media is recommended for solar radiation investigations to eliminate concerns regarding riboflavin photosensitisation and nutrient 56 deprivation

Early years education in the primary years programme: implementation strategies and programme outcomes

This mixed-methods study investigated implementation strategies and child learning outcomes in early years education in the Primary Years Programme. Researchers from Deakin University evaluated processes and outcomes in four early years programmes, two in Singapore and two in Melbourne, Australia. Researchers collected qualitative data through classroom observations, drawings and writing produced by children, and interviews with educators, coordinators and parents. Quantitative data was collected through assessments of children’s literacy, developmental school readiness and learning skills. Three of the early years programmes appeared to support the development of learner profile attributes through inquiry-led learning and play-based approaches, while one site in Singapore was still in a developmental stage of implementing the programme. The study suggested that literacy skills at all sites were fairly developed; that children were performing at levels commensurate with or better in terms of school readiness; and that children were developing learning skills at higher rates than a comparative sample

Assessing the role of the universal addition of CT thorax to CT abdomen and pelvis in the COVID era. A retrospective multicentre cohort study

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Low-linewidth and tunable single frequency 1x2 multimode-interferometer-Fabry-Perot laser diode

In this paper, we present a novel 1x2 multi-mode-interferometer-Fabry-Perot (MMI-FP) laser diode, which demonstrated tunable single frequency operation with more than 30dB side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) and a tuning range of 25nm in the C and L bands, as well as a 750 kHz linewidth. These lasers do not require material regrowth and high resolution gratings; resulting in a simpler process that can significantly increase the yield and reduce the cost

Bildungshaus Mariatrost offenes Forum für Weiterbildung und Dialog der Diözese Graz-Seckau

Basilika Mariatrost und Bildungshaus Mariatros

Alpha6beta4 integrin crosslinking induces EGFR clustering and promotes EGF-mediated Rho activation in breast cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The α6β4 integrin is overexpressed in the basal subtype of breast cancer and plays an important role in tumor cell motility and invasion. EGFR is also overexpressed in the basal subtype of breast cancer, and crosstalk between α6β4 integrin and EGFR appears to be important in tumor progression.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We evaluated the effects of α6β4 crosslinking on the distribution and function of EGFR in breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-231. Receptor distribution was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and multispectral imaging flow cytometry, and ligand-mediated EGFR signaling was evaluated using Western blots and a Rho pull-down assay.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Antibody-mediated crosslinking of α6β4 integrin was sufficient to induce cell-surface clustering of not only α6β4 but also EGFR in nonadherent cells. The induced clustering of EGFR was observed minimally after 5 min of integrin crosslinking but was more prominent after 15 min. EGFR clustering had minimal effect on the phosphorylation of Akt or Erk1,2 in response to EGF in suspended cells or in response to HB-EGF in adherent cells. However, EGFR clustering induced by crosslinking α6β4 had a marked effect on Rho activation in response to EGF.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Crosslinking α6β4 integrin in breast carcinoma cells induces EGFR clustering and preferentially promotes Rho activation in response to EGF. We hypothesize that this integrin-EGFR crosstalk may facilitate tumor cell cytoskeletal rearrangements important for tumor progression.</p

Triple-Top Signal of New Physics at the LHC

We present leading-order (LO) cross sections for the production of three top quarks (tt\tb,t\tb\tb) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We find a total LO cross section for triple-top production in the Standard Model of $\sigma \approx 2$ fb at $\sqrt{s}=14$ TeV and we give examples of two new physics models which have a significant enhancement to this channel. In the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM), there are regions of parameter space where the decays of gluino pairs into final states including three tops has a cross section $\sigma \approx 41$ fb. In a leptophobic $Z'$ model featuring right-handed couplings of the $u$-quark to the top, we find $\sigma \approx 28$ fb. With efficient identification and reconstruction of the top quarks, the triple-top signal could potentially provide evidence for new physics at the LHC.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, 3 table

Integrated demultiplexing and amplification of coherent optical combs

The explosive growth of the internet during the last few decades has been enabled by two complementary innovations in optical communications: the use of multiple optical channels within a single optical fibre, and the increase in the bandwidth of individual channels to hundreds of Gbps. Further increases in overall bandwidth look to be provided by more spectrally efficient optical superchannels that use coherent sub-carriers generated using optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Yet, a cost effective way of generating these signals has not been demonstrated. One crucial, but missing piece is an effective means to separate the closely frequency spaced optical sub-carriers from the coherent optical comb before placing information on each sub-carrier, and thus creating the OFDM signal. Here, we demonstrate a flexible strategy implemented in a compact photonic integrated circuit (PIC) that is used to separate and amplify these sub-carriers using on-chip injection locking